Periphery Exploration around 2,6-Diazaspiro[3.4]octane Core Identifies a Potent Nitrofuran Antitubercular Lead.

A small set of twelve compounds of a nitrofuran carboxamide chemotype was elaborated from a readily available 2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane building block, exploring diverse variants of the molecular periphery, including various azole substituents. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed against H37Rv.

Pullulan-Based Hydrogels in Wound Healing and Skin Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review.

Wound healing is a complex process of overlapping phases with the primary aim of the creation of new tissues and restoring their anatomical functions. Wound dressings are fabricated to protect the wound and accelerate the healing process. Biomaterials used to design dressing of wounds could be natural or synthetic as well as the combination of both materials.

Autoantibody Correlation Signatures in Fibromyalgia and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Association with Symptom Severity.

Recent studies provide some evidence for the contribution of antibody-mediated autoimmune mechanisms to the nature of fibromyalgia (FM) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Much attention was paid to the autoantibodies (AAb) targeting G protein-coupled receptors as natural components of the immune system. However, the natural AAb network is much more extensive, and has not been previously investigated in these disorders.

Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis.

The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individuals' susceptibility to viral infection.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Post-COVID Syndrome: A Common Neuroimmune Ground?

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic disease of unknown etiology, sharing a similar clinical presentation with the increasingly recognized post-COVID syndrome. We performed the first cross-sectional study of ME/CFS in a community population in Russia. Then we described and compared some clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of ME/CFS and post-COVID syndrome as neuroimmune disorders.

[Slowdown of replicative aging of fibroblasts by hyaluronan complexes with gold nanoparticles.].

Determination the activity of the genes of sirtuin-1, hyaluronidase, TGF-β cytokine, calreticulin in the process of replicative aging of human fibroblasts in vitro and the effect of hyaluronan preparations with gold nanoparticles on the activity of replicative cell aging. Compared the expression of proteins of the studied genes using specific markers at 7 and 14 passages of cultivation of fibroblasts isolated from human skin, without drugs and in the presence of drugs in the growth medium. This work shows a decrease in the activity of the sirtuin 1 gene and an increase in the expression of hyaluronidase in the process of replicative aging of human fibroblasts.

[Signaling molecules as biomarkers for predicting implant survival in people of different ages.].

Most patients over 50 years of age are diagnosed with diseases of the dentoalveolar apparatus, in particular, bone tissue disorders, which leads to a decrease in the survival rate of implants. Identification of the causes, as well as the development of a methodology for predicting survival by minimally invasive methods, is relevant. The aim of the study was to study the markers of tight junctions in the buccal epithelium (BE) in people of different ages.

Tuberculosis in the Russian Federation: Dynamics of the Epidemic Indicators before and after COVID-19 Pandemic.

The measures taken against tuberculosis (TB) in recent years in the Russian Federation have been highly effective. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic may seriously undermine the progress that has been made in the fight against TB. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the epidemiological rates of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Novel 5-Nitrofuran-Tagged Imidazo-Fused Azines and Azoles Amenable by the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction: Activity Profile against ESKAPE Pathogens and Mycobacteria.

A chemically diverse set of 13 5-nitrofuran-tagged heterocyclic compounds has been prepared via the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reaction. The testing of these compounds against the so-called ESKAPE panel of pathogens identified an apparent lead compound--cyclohexyl-2-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-]pyridine-3-amine ()-which showed an excellent profile against and (MIC 0.25, 0.

The Fabrication of Alginate-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Composites and Drug Release Profiles.

Recently, hydrogels based on natural water-soluble polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their favorable characteristics. The high water-holding capacity, lack of toxicity, and biodegradability of such hydrogels make it possible to develop new materials on their basis for biotechnological, biomedical, pharmacological, and medical purposes. Sodium alginate is a non-toxic natural polysaccharide found in marine algae.

Heart Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension Depends on Systemic Proinflammatory Influences: A Retrospective Clinical Pathophysiological Study.

Low-intensity systemic inflammation is an important element of heart failure pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to assess proinflammatory status serum indicators (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) in middle-aged males (M) and females (F) with essential hypertension (HTN) depending on left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The main group comprised 55 M and 49 F with the first- to second-severity grade HTN with mild heart failure and a preserved LV ejection fraction ≥50%.

Chronic Fatigue Exhibits Heterogeneous Autoimmunity Characteristics Which Reflect Etiology.

Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is considered to be associated with post-viral complications and mental stress, but the role of autoimmunity also remains promising. A comparison of autoimmune profiles in chronic fatigue of different origin may bring insights on the pathogenesis of this disease. Thirty-three patients with CFS/ME were divided into three subgroups.

BCG Infection in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity Receiving the Russian BCG Strain.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guierin (BCG) vaccination complications are common in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) due to the inability to clear live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. Various BCG-vaccine strains are used worldwide, and the profile of the Russian BCG strain vaccine complications in IEI is poorly characterized.

Objective: To evaluate risks of BCG infection in a large cohort of patients with IEI vaccinated with the Russian BCG strain.

New Clinical Phenotype of the Post-Covid Syndrome: Fibromyalgia and Joint Hypermobility Condition.

Fibromyalgia can be defined as a chronic pain condition, affecting the musculoskeletal system, etiology and pathophysiology of which is sufficiently understudied. Despite the fact that many authors consider this entity to be a manifestation of central sensitization, and not an autoimmune disease, the high prevalence of fibromyalgia in patients with post-COVID-19 conditions requires taking a fresh look at the causes of the disease development. During the patient examination, the authors identified a combination of symptoms that occurs so often, that they can be carefully described as a clinical pattern.

Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Male Infertility: Juxtacrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Dysregulation.

According to global data, there is a male reproductive potential decrease. Pathogenesis of male infertility is often associated with autoimmunity towards sperm antigens essential for fertilization. Antisperm autoantibodies (ASAs) have immobilizing and cytotoxic properties, impairing spermatogenesis, causing sperm agglutination, altering spermatozoa motility and acrosomal reaction, and thus preventing ovum fertilization.

[Comparative pathomorphological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis].

The paper presents an X-ray morphological differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP). It describes the etiology, pathogenesis, radiological signs, and pathoanatomy of IPF and FHP. For differential diagnosis, radiological and morphological signs were studied in 105 patients with IPF and in 111 patients with FHP.

Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology.

Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin - a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline - neuroimmunoendocrinology.

Organized Structure of Ventricular Fibrillation during Prolonged Heart Perfusion in Dogs.

Unlabelled: was to identify the organized ventricular fibrillation (VF) activity in the dog heart and characterize its quantitative parameters during prolonged heart perfusion.

Materials And Methods: A total of four experiments on isolated dog's hearts perfused with the blood of a supporting dog were performed. Episodes of VF were recorded in the form of an electrogram followed by a spectral analysis by the fast Fourier transform in the range of 0.

[Surgical treatment of cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery in children: analysis of small sample siz].

Objective: To analyze the features of cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: A single center 2-year retrospective cohort includes 7 children with cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery. Demographic data, duration of diagnostic process, clinical and radiological manifestations, features of surgical treatment, morphology, and postoperative outcomes were studied.

Sudden infant death syndrome: Melatonin, serotonin, and CD34 factor as possible diagnostic markers and prophylactic targets.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the primary causes of death of infants in the first year of life. According to the WHO's data, the global infant mortality rate is 0.64-2 per 1,000 live-born children.

Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis.

The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented.

Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Health: Autoimmunity Is Not a Synonym of Autoimmune Disease.

The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is a critical tool for their diagnosis. However, ANA prevalence in healthy persons has increased over the last decades, especially among young people.

[The influence of AEDG and KE peptides on mitochondries stain and L7A ribosomes protein expression during human pineal gland and thymus cell senescence in vitro.].

It was verified new molecular targets of geroprotective activity of AEDG (epitalon) and KE (vilon) peptides by the method of confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was shown that the MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining decreased and L7A ribosomal protein synthesis compensatory increased during pineal and thymic cell senescence in vitro. AEDG peptide increases in 1,5 times the square of MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining and decreases on 22% the expression of ribosomal protein L7A in cultures of human pineal gland cells during its senescence.

Systemic Action of Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Diastolic Chronic Heart Failure: A Clinical Pathophysiological Study.

The aim of this research was to correlate indicators of proinflammatory status and the structural/functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system comparatively in male and female patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated by diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The study included 104 middle-aged patients (55 males (M) and 49 females (F)) with first- or second-degree EH complicated by CHF with preserved LVEF. They all belonged to the low functional class of CHF, with LVEF ≥50%, first- or second-degree of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), LV hypertrophy (LVH), and dilatation of the left atrium (LA) with a sinus rhythm and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide >125 pg/mL.

Melatonin and Sirtuins in Buccal Epithelium: Potential Biomarkers of Aging and Age-Related Pathologies.

Melatonin (MT) and sirtuins (SIRT) are geroprotective molecules that hold back the aging process and the development of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal epithelium (BE) sampling is a non-invasive procedure, yielding highly informative material for evaluating the expression of genes and proteins as well as the synthesis of molecules. Among these, MT and SIRTs are valuable markers of the aging process and age-related pathologies.