EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

The EDR peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) has been previously established to possess neuroprotective properties. It activates gene expression and synthesis of proteins, involved in maintaining the neuronal functional activity, and reduces the intensity of their apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo studies. The EDR peptide interferes with the elimination of dendritic spines in neuronal cultures obtained from mice with Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's diseases.

[The influence of AEDG and KE peptides on mitochondries stain and L7A ribosomes protein expression during human pineal gland and thymus cell senescence in vitro.].

It was verified new molecular targets of geroprotective activity of AEDG (epitalon) and KE (vilon) peptides by the method of confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was shown that the MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining decreased and L7A ribosomal protein synthesis compensatory increased during pineal and thymic cell senescence in vitro. AEDG peptide increases in 1,5 times the square of MitoTracker Red mitochondries staining and decreases on 22% the expression of ribosomal protein L7A in cultures of human pineal gland cells during its senescence.

[Nordic walking in an integrated approach to improving the quality of life of the elderly.].

The article analyzes the results of the impact of an integrated approach to lifestyle modification, including Nordic walking, rational nutrition and pharmacotherapy, on the quality of life of elderly people (average age 72,5±3,6 years). A significant improvement in the pain scale indicator of the MOS SF-36 was revealed after six months (p=0,001), which was also determined by the end of the year (p=0,0001). A tendency to improve the quality of life was revealed in the Minnesota Questionnaire after six months (p=0,0617).

[AEDG peptide regulates human circadian rhythms genes expression during pineal gland accelerated aging.].

Night work provides biorhythms desynchronization, disorder of melatonin-producing function and accelerated pineal gland aging. One of the promising geroprotectors restoring the pineal melatonin synthesis is the AEDG (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) peptide. AEDG peptide increases in 1,7 times the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOMT) excretion in the urine of middle-aged people.

Melatonin and Sirtuins in Buccal Epithelium: Potential Biomarkers of Aging and Age-Related Pathologies.

Melatonin (MT) and sirtuins (SIRT) are geroprotective molecules that hold back the aging process and the development of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal epithelium (BE) sampling is a non-invasive procedure, yielding highly informative material for evaluating the expression of genes and proteins as well as the synthesis of molecules. Among these, MT and SIRTs are valuable markers of the aging process and age-related pathologies.

Inflammaging of Female Reproductive System: A Molecular Landscape.

Aging is a complex biological process, a major aspect of which is the accumulation of somatic changes throughout life. Cellular senescence is a condition in which cells undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various cellular stresses. Once the cells begin to senesce, they become more resistant to any mutagens, including oncogenic factors.

Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19.

There is a vast practice of using antimalarial drugs, RAS inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus and immunosuppressants for the treatment of the severe form of COVID-19, which often occurs in patients with chronic diseases and older persons. Currently, the clinical efficacy of these drugs for COVID-19 has not been proven yet. Side effects of antimalarial drugs can worsen the condition of patients and increase the likelihood of death.

Towards realization of longer life.

The current demographic situation in the world is characterized by an increase in average life expectancy, low birth rate, as well as an increase in the number of older and senior people, which is why our epoch is referred to as «the age of ageing». [..

[Neuroprotective effects of peptides.].

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of nervous system pathologies. They are found mainly in people of an older age group. The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is continuously growing due to an increase in the average life expectancy of the population.

Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Death in the Rat Offspring Cortex.

Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the common complications of pregnancy that causes offspring cognitive deficits during postnatal development. In the present work, we evaluated the effect of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia on structural and ultrastructural organization, neuronal and glial cell number, apoptosis (caspase-3 content and activity), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation in the offspring brain cortex in early ontogenesis. Wistar female rats received methionine (0.

Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides.

Effects of the short peptides Ala-Glu-Asp (AED), Lys-Glu-Asp (KED) and Lys-Glu (KE) on the expression of IGF1, FOXO1, TERT, TNKS2, and NFκB genes were studied in human embryo bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (line FetMSCs) variously aged in "passages" or "stationary" cultures. Both cell aging models were similar in gene expression. The main difference was in the TERT gene expression level, which showed an eightfold increase at the "stationary" aging.

[The influence of polypeptide liver complex and tetrapeptide KEDA on organism physiological function in norm and age-related pathology.].

The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver fibroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to find new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors.

[Determination of cytokines and adhesion molecules in elderly and senile patients with aortic valve calcification.].

A laboratory study of the cytokine profile and the content of the intercellular adhesion molecules was performed in 38 patients with initial signs of aortic hemilunus calcification. It has been determined that the content of IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly higher values compared with the control group, which indicates the direct role of nonspecific chronic inflammation in the development of calcifying aortic valve damage. A significantly lower content of sE-selectin was also identified, which may indicate the absence of activation of adhesion molecules at the initial stage of aortic valve calcification.

[Personified monitoring of acute coronary syndrome and its outcomes in elderly patients. Angina. Heart failure (overview).].

Review is about current information on the features of heart failure and angina diagnosis and monitoring in elderly and senile patients. One of the main problem in patients over 65 years is comorbidity, which requires corrective action in the risk stratification and prediction of clinical outcomes. The priority of non-invasive diagnostic tests is noted.

[Optimization of the invasive strategy for acute coronary syndrome in patients of the older age group.].

A study is presented on the effectiveness and safety of various anticoagulants used in patients of an older age group with acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary interventions. Bivalirudin was shown to be highly effective in comparison with unfractionated heparin and monafram in relation to the amount of bleeding that occurs in the postoperative period and adverse cardiovascular complications.

[Short peptides: regulation of skin function during aging.].

Short peptides are applied for supporting skin function during ageing, because they can permeate the intact stratum corneum of the epidermis and affect the cells of the dermis. Short peptides are part of natural metabolism of cells and many of them have geroprotective properties. In the review we are considering the base sorts of peptides that are used for normalized skin fibroblasts function: matrikines, carnosine, collagen peptides, cytokine and growth factor analogs, defensins, immunoprotective peptides and polyfunctional peptides.

AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism.

It was shown that AEDG peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, Epitalon) regulates the function of the pineal gland, the retina, and the brain. AEDG peptide increases longevity in animals and decreases experimental cancerogenesis. AEDG peptide induces neuronal cell differentiation in retinal and human periodontal ligament stem cells.

[Parametres of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with lung and esophagus cancer according to their gender and age.].

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a diagnostic method, which can be used for oncological patients. It shows its perspectives in measuring reserve capacity of the human organism, determining the risk of postoperative complications, and long-term prognosis. The method is also useful for optimization of rehabilitation measures, which is actual for polymorbid aged patients.

[Features of pathogenesis and COVID-19 course for the elderly and old age.].

The causative agents of coronavirus infection have long been considered the cause of benign respiratory diseases «common colds» until their pathogenic types appeared on the epidemic arena: SARS-CoV-1, MERS and finally, SARS-CoV-2. Diseases caused by the listed viruses characterized by moderate invasiveness and noticeable mortality compared to other respiratory viruses. The pathogenesis of these infections is based on a wide range of innate immunity dysfunctions, manifested in the direct suppression of anti-inflammatory functions and, on the contrary, the activation of pro-inflammatory functions, such as the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation.

Short peptides are molecules with small molecular weight, capable of penetrating the cell membrane and nuclear membrane for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including the genes responsible for cell differentiation. The direction of cell differentiation induction depends on the peptide structure and concentration. AEDG and AEDP peptides induce differentiation of pluripotent cells in the epidermis, mesenchyme and nervous tissue.

[Indicators of lipid exchange as early markers of development calcific aortic valve disease.].

A comprehensive study of lipidograms of 36 patients with initial signs of calcification of aortic semilunium was performed. It was determined that the content of apolipoprotein A-1 was significantly lower in comparison with the control groups, which requires further studies of the evaluation of the effect on the process of early development of calcification of drugs capable to increasing its content. If the concentration of apolipoprotein A-1 is less than 1,1 mg/dl and/or the apoB/apoA ratio is increased by more than 1, it is advisable to recommend dispensary follow-up with regular (no less than 1 time in 5 years) echocardiographic study with a detailed study of the functional state of the aortic valve.

[Kisspeptins in human ovarian tissue during ontogenesis.].

The article presents the results of studies of the expression hormones-kisspeptins and their receptors in human ovarian tissues during ontogenesis of this organ. Kisspeptins regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the most important function of which is to launch the mechanism of puberty. Verification of kisspeptins and their receptors in ovarian tissue, suggests that they promote ovulation, as well as controls the expression of matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue remodeling.

Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.

Primary stem cells, after several cell divisions, enter into a senescence state, that is characterized by alterations to spindle-shape typical morphology. This concern is one of the main problems in the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in clinical applications which demand cells in large numbers. Short peptides had geroprotective properties and stimulated stem cell differentiation.

Systematic search for structural motifs of peptide binding to double-stranded DNA.

A large variety of short biologically active peptides possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumour, anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory activity, involved in the regulation of neuro-immuno-endocrine system functions, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the mechanisms of their biological activity are attracting increasing attention not only in modern molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics, but also in pharmacology and medicine. In this work, we systematically analysed the ability of dipeptides (all possible combinations of the 20 standard amino acids) to bind all possible combinations of tetra-nucleotides in the central part of dsDNA in the classic B-form using molecular docking and molecular dynamics.

[Prevalence, clinical and morphological features of tooth root caries in the adult human].

The incidence of tooth root caries, the morphology of hard dental tissues and the clinical course of the pathology were studied in 4701 (2526 men and 2175 women) residents of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region aged 18 to 88 years, which were divided into age groups according to age periodization of Institute of Age Physiology RAS. The highest prevalence of tooth root caries was revealed in the older age groups making 9.