Socioeconomic inequality in short birth interval in Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis.

Background: Short birth interval, defined as a birth-to-birth interval less than 33 months, is associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes. Evidence regarding the association of maternal socioeconomic status and short birth interval is inconclusive. Factors contributing to the socioeconomic inequality of short birth interval have also not been investigated.

The burden of cardiovascular diseases in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2017: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study.

In Ethiopia, evidence on the national burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is limited. To address this gap, this systematic analysis estimated the burden of CVDs in Ethiopia using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study data. The age-standardized CVD prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality rates in Ethiopia were 5534 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5310.

Managing Resident Workforce and Residency Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review of Adaptive Approaches.

Objective: To review available adaptive residency training approaches and management of the resident workforce in different residency programs amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: Websites of different professional associations and international or national specialty accreditation institutions were searched. We looked for English studies (any form), reviews or editorials, perspectives, short or special communications, and position papers on residency education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Respectful maternity care during labor and childbirth and associated factors among women who gave birth at health institutions in the West Shewa zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia.

Background: Skilled assistance during pregnancy and childbirth is one of the key interventions in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. But studies have shown that many women across the globe experience disrespectful and abusive treatment during labor and childbirth in institutions, which forms an important barrier to improving skilled care utilization and improving maternal health outcomes. Although there are few studies done in Ethiopia, information on the status of respectful maternity care (RMC) among women during childbirth at health institutions in the West-Shewa zone is lacking.

Endovascular Aortic Arch Reconstruction with Parallel Grafts: A Dilemma of Excessive Endograft Oversizing.

Background: Preservation of supra-aortic branches in thoracic endovascular aortic repair plays a role in associated neurological outcomes, and the strategy varies.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a parallel graft technique to reconstruct the aortic arch.

Methods: From August 2014 to July 2018, a total of 25 patients with thoracic aortic pathologies requiring arch reconstruction were included.

Factors associated with non-utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Chencha district, Southern Ethiopia: a case-control study.

Introduction: In many developing countries like Ethiopia, access and the utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPCMs) is very low and it is also difficult to find them from many reproductive health programs. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with non-utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married women in the reproductive age (15-49 years).

Methods: A community based unmatched case-control study was conducted in Chencha district, Southern Ethiopia from November 2015 to December 2015.

Scoping review protocol on maternal, newborn and child health research in Ethiopia.

Introduction: There has been a tremendous reduction in maternal and child mortality in the last decade. However, a significant number of deaths still occur disproportionately in low-income country settings. Ethiopia is the second-most populous nation in sub-Saharan Africa with a high maternal mortality rate of 412 deaths per 100 000 live births and an under-five mortality rate of 55 per 1000 live births.

Cysts and parasites in an abattoir in Northwest Ethiopia; an urgent call for action on "one health".

Introduction: Zoonotic parasitic infections such as echinococcosis affect cattle, sheep and goats by lowering quality of meat and hides as well as decreasing milk production. The burden of such diseases among humans is usually underestimated as they are difficult to diagnose. We used abattoir data to estimate the prevalence of zoonotic parasitic infections in animals.

Perinatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms compared to growth restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms at a tertiary referral hospital in urban Ethiopia.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a fetal weight below the 10th percentile for a given gestational age and can be identified using umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry which is a non-invasive technique. The objective of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome of growth-restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler study compared to those with normal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms at a tertiary referral hospital in Ethiopia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant mothers with fetal growth restriction admitted for labour and delivery from September 2018-February 2019.

Bucket-handle uterine rupture during second-trimester medication abortion, a rare form of rupture of the lower uterine segment and vaginal fornix: a case report.

A bucket-handle uterine rupture, a rare form of uterine rupture involving the posterior lower uterine segment and posterior vaginal fornix, occurred in a primigravid woman at 23 weeks of gestation during successful medication abortion.

Effectiveness of utilizing the WHO safe childbirth checklist on improving essential childbirth practices and maternal and perinatal outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) is a 29-item checklist based on essential childbirth practices to help health-care workers to deliver consistently high quality maternal and perinatal care. The Checklist was intended to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and address the primary cause of maternal death, intrapartum stillbirth, and early neonatal death. The objective of this review was to locate international literature reporting on the effectiveness of utilizing the WHO safe childbirth checklist on improving essential childbirth practices, early neonatal death, stillbirth, maternal mortality, and morbidity.

Application of geographically weighted regression analysis to assess predictors of short birth interval hot spots in Ethiopia.

Background: Birth interval duration is an important and modifiable risk factor for adverse child and maternal health outcomes. Understanding the spatial distribution of short birth interval, an inter-birth interval of less than 33 months, and its predictors are vital to prioritize and facilitate targeted interventions. However, the spatial variation of short birth interval and its underlying factors have not been investigated in Ethiopia.

Shifting Valproic Acid to Levetiracetam in Women of Childbearing Age With Epilepsy: A Retrospective Investigation and Review of the Literature.

Valproic acid is the most high-risk teratogenic antiepileptic drug, and it may lead to fetal major congenital malformations. However, it is still used in women of childbearing age with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to report our experience of discontinuing or lowering valproic acid by adding levetiracetam, a low-risk teratogenic antiepileptic drug.

Patients with chronic kidney disease are not well adhered to dietary recommendations: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Nutrition and dietary patterns are modifiable factors that can be utilized to prevent or slow the progression of Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adherence to current dietary recommendations can reduce the incidence, or slow the progression of CKD and reduce mortality. The objectives of this study was to compare the dietary nutrient intake of CKD patients (CKD above stage 3 including hemodialysis) to dietary recommendations and to assess the correlations of those dietary nutrient intakes with each other and with chosen laboratory measurements.

Feasibility of intra-amniotic digoxin administration by obstetrics and gynecology trainees to induce fetal demise prior to medical abortion beyond 20 weeks.

Background: Transient fetal survival is one issue that providers may face while managing late second-trimester abortion. Induction of fetal demise using digoxin and other means has been widely performed by maternal-fetal medicine and family planning subspecialists worldwide. However, there are no data available in Ethiopia as regards preventing transient fetal survival in late second-trimester medical termination of pregnancy.

Severe OSA associated with higher risk of mortality in stage III and IV lung cancer.

Study Objectives: OSA has been associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer-related mortality, overall survival, and progression-free survival in patients with suspected OSA and lung cancer.

Methods: This was a case series analysis of lung cancer from a sleep cohort with suspected OSA between 2009 and 2014.

Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated With Higher Risk of Mortality in Stage III and IV Lung Cancer.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer-related mortality, overall survival and progression free survival in patients with suspected OSA and lung cancer.

Methods: This was a case series analysis of lung cancer from a sleep cohort with suspected OSA between 2009 and 2014.

Descriptive Epidemiology of breast and gynecological cancers among patients attending Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Cancer is a leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries; the burden is expected to grow in less developed countries, such as Ethiopia. Lack of adequate information is one of the major problems preventing the design of cancer control strategies in Ethiopia.

Objective: To characterize gynecological and breast cancers among clients attending Gynecologic clinic of Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical college over 5 year period.

Survival and prognostic determinants of prostate cancer patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Globally, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is the most common cancer among men worldwide, with higher mortality in low and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, it is the second most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among men.

Proportion of Glaucoma among Voluntary People Coming for Glaucoma Screening Program at Jimma University Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Background: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma screening has been controversial, and much of the controversy has centered on the value of mass or community screening.

Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of glaucoma among volunteer adults who were screened in Jimma University Department of Ophthalmology.

Etiology and characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in Taiwan: a cohort study from 2002 to 2016.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic infectious respiratory disease with diverse causes and ethnic or geographic differences. However, few large-scale studies of its etiology have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to determine the etiology and clinical features of bronchiectasis in Taiwan.

Assessment of Family Planning Counseling Provided for Postpartum Women and Associated Factors.

Background: Good quality family planning counseling particularly in the postpartum period is paramount to contraception adoption and continuation; it is also paramount in the reduction of maternal as well as infant morbidity and mortality.

Objective: Assess the level of family planning counseling provided for women in their immediate postpartum period in the labor ward at Saint Paul's Hospital in 2019.

Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March of 2019 among women in the labor ward.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats.

Background: Echinops kebericho is widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases including infectious, non-infectious disease and fumigation during child birth. Antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insect repellent activities have been elucidated. Its toxicity profile is not yet investigated and thus this study was to investigate acute and sub-acute toxicity of E.

Individual and community level determinants of short birth interval in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 33 months between two consecutive live births to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. However, determinants of short birth interval have not been well understood in Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess individual- and community-level determinants of short birth interval among women in Ethiopia.