Diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy with three endoscopic features pleuroscopy.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a constant threat even with a worldwide active public health campaign. Diagnosis of TB pleurisy is challenging in the case of pleural effusion of unknown origin after aspiration analysis. The study was designed to demonstrate a simple image interpretation technique to differentiate TB pleurisy from non-TB pleurisy using semi-rigid pleuroscopy.

Guidelines and best practice recommendations on reproductive health services provision amid COVID-19 pandemic: scoping review.

Background: Policymakers and health professionals prefer to use summarized evidence of practice recommendations. The aim of this scoping review is therefore to identify available guidelines, consensus statements, the standard of practice, and practice recommendations on reproductive health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemics.

Methods: We searched guideline databases and websites of professional associations and international organizations working on sexual and reproductive health.

Birth choices after caesarean in Taiwan: A mixed methods pilot study of a decision aid for shared decision making.

Background: Taiwan has a high national caesarean rate coupled with a low vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) rate. Studies suggest that women do not receive sufficient information about birth choices after caesarean in Taiwan and shared decision making (SDM) is not an expectation. This pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of using a birth choices decision aid to improve women's opportunity for engagement in SDM about birth after cesarean.

Management of Nonpuerperal Uterine Inversion Using a Combined Vaginal and Abdominal Approach.

Introduction: Nonpuerperal uterine inversion is an extremely rare clinical condition. As such, some cases will have to be managed without prior experience. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis and a clear understanding of the principles of recommended surgical techniques.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) continues to pose challenges to global health. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for preventing HBV MTCT. PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through August 2020.

Pediatric bronchiectasis: An orphan disease ending in pneumonectomy: A case report.

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is chronic infectious and inflammatory disease that results in irreversible thickening and dilatation of bronchi, and significant lung function decline in children. Prompt early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention is crucial to control recurrent exacerbation and preserve lung function.

Presentation Of Case: We present a case of pediatric bronchiectasis in a 10-year-old female who presented with a complaint of intermittent wet cough of 5 weeks' duration associated with low grade intermittent fever, shortness of breath, easy fatigability and loss of appetite.

Diagnostic evaluation of central precocious puberty in girls.

Background: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is the gold standard for confirming the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in central precocious puberty (CPP). However, it is time-consuming and costly. Our aim was to search for a simpler diagnostic modality for CPP by 1) evaluating the performance of basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), 2) constructing a practical scoring system, and 3) determining the optimal single sampling time for serum LH in the GnRH stimulation test.

The burden of injuries in Ethiopia from 1990-2017: evidence from the global burden of disease study.

Background: Mortality caused by injuries is increasing and becoming a significant global public health concern. Limited evidence from Ethiopia on road traffic, unintentional and intentional injuries indicate the potential public health impact of problems resulting from such injuries. However, there is a significant evidence gap about the actual national burden of all injuries in Ethiopia.

Clinic image surveillance reduces mortality in patients with primary hepato-gastrointestinal cancer who develop second primary lung cancer: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study.

Second primary cancer is prevalent in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, for which lung cancer is the most common and associated with high lethality. Image screening for lung cancer was proved to be effective in early diagnosis and lower mortality. However, trials of screen for lung cancer generally excluded patients with a previous diagnosis of malignancy.

Massive left hemothorax following left diaphragmatic and splenic rupture with visceral herniation: A case report.

Background: Massive left hemothorax following left diaphragmatic and splenic rupture with visceral herniation is quite an uncommon life-threatening condition usually associated with blunt thoracoabdominal trauma. Mortality is generally associated with coexistent vascular and visceral injuries that could be rapidly fatal. Timely, and proper diagnosis is mandatory as survival depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis of cesarean section rates using Robson ten group classification system in a tertiary teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is an important indicator of access to, and quality of maternal health services. The World Health Organization recommends the Robson ten group classification system as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates at all levels. This study aimed to assess the rate of CS and perform an analysis based on Robson classification system.

Drugs used to induce fetal demise prior to abortion: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Clinicians have used feticidal agents prior to second trimester abortion for many years. Despite the widespread use of various agents to induce fetal demise, a comprehensive or systematic review of the evidence is lacking on the safety, effectiveness, and most effective routes of administration.

Objectives: To evaluate the existing drugs and routes of administration used in inducing fetal demise prior to abortion, and to determine the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability of these feticidal agents.

Incidence and risk factors of postdural puncture headache: prospective cohort study design.

Background: Postdural puncture headache is one of the complications following spinal anesthesia and accidental dural puncture. Several modifiable risk factors contribute to the development of headache after lumbar puncture, which includes needle size, needle design, direction of the bevel, and number of lumbar puncture attempts. This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk of postdural puncture headache.

Sexual assault cases at a tertiary referral hospital in urban Ethiopia: One-year retrospective review.

Introduction: Sexual assault is an important health and social problem affecting young girls. The aim of the study is therefore to do a one-year retrospective review of documents of alleged sexual assaults managed at Saint Paulo's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) to determine survivors' characteristics, circumstances of the assault, and treatment offered.

Methods: This is a hospital-based one-year retrospective review of alleged sexual assault cases.

Oesophageal cancer magnitude and presentation in Ethiopia 2012-2017.

The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude, socio-demographic, and clinical characteristics of oesophageal cancer patients in selected referral hospitals of Ethiopia. A retrospective document review was employed in ten referral hospitals in different regions of Ethiopia. A structured data extraction tool was used to extract data from clinical care records of all clinically and pathologically confirmed oesophageal cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated in those hospitals from 2012 to 2017.

Bronchial carcinoid tumor: A case report.

Introduction: Bronchial carcinoid tumors are rare, slow growing, malignant neuroendocrine tumors and account for less than 2% of all lung tumors. Early diagnosis is extremely important as the main stay of treatment is surgical excision.

Presentation Of Case: We present a rare case of bronchial typical carcinoid tumor in a 22-year-old female who presented with a complaint of intermittent productive cough with bloody sputum of 3 weeks' duration associated with wheezing, low grade intermittent fever and loss of appetite.

Perinatal outcome of meconium stained amniotic fluid among labouring mothers at teaching referral hospital in urban Ethiopia.

Objective: To determine the perinatal outcome of labouring mothers with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) compared with clear amniotic fluid at teaching referral hospital in urban Ethiopia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among labouring mothers with meconium-stained amniotic fluid from July 1 to December 30, 2019. Data was collected with pretested structured questionnaires.

An extensive posterior circulation infarction secondary to primary hyperthyroidism accompanied with superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report and description of patho-physiological association.

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism-related anterior circulation ischemic events have been well documented; however, posterior circulation infarction is rarely reported, not to mention with superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), which has never been reported concurrently. We describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of hyperthyroidism-related cerebellar infarction accompanied with SMAS.

Patient Concerns: A 22-year-old women presented with palpitation, postprandial vomiting, and acute body weight loss.

Knowledge and Attitude Towards Family Planning Among Women of Reproductive Age in Emerging Regions of Ethiopia.

Background: Despite recent improvements in the use of contraceptives amongst married women in Ethiopia, the utilization rates are still far below the national figures in the emerging regions of the country. Therefore, there is a need to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes towards family planning, and associated factors among reproductive-age women in the four emerging regions of Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2891 reproductive-age women from 01 to 30 June, 2017.

Obturator hernia: case report.

Obturator hernia, protrusion of abdominal content through the obturator foramen, is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia. Late patient presentation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present rare case of obturator hernia causing small bowel obstruction in a 65-year-old-female patient.

Iatrogenic pneumopericardium after tube thoracostomy: A case report.

Introduction: Pneumopericardium, the presence of air within the pericardial space, is a rare occurrence which usually follows positive pressure ventilation in infants, or blunt and penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries in adults. The occurrence of iatrogenic pneumopericardium following tube thoracostomy is extremely rare.

Presentation Of Case: We present a rare case of iatrogenic pneumopericardium in a 1 year and 7 months old female child for whom a left side tube thoracostomy was done using nasogastric tube for an indication of left empyema thoracis.

Intra-cardiac lidocaine administration to induce fetal demise before late second-trimester abortion: Retrospective review.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of intra-cardiac lidocaine administration to induce fetal demise before second-trimester medication abortion in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review to collect selected sociodemographic and clinical information. All patients who received fetal intra-cardiac lidocaine between January 1, 2019 and April 30, 2019 were included in the study.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication in children and adolescents hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with dehydration and which can cause acute kidney injury (AKI). The proportion of AKI in children and adolescents with DKA has not been reported in East Asian population. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of AKI and to determine whether there is an association between AKI severity and recovery time from metabolic acidosis in children and adolescents with DKA.