First Measurement of Differential Charged Current Quasielasticlike ν_{μ}-Argon Scattering Cross Sections with the MicroBooNE Detector.

We report on the first measurement of flux-integrated single differential cross sections for charged-current (CC) muon neutrino (ν_{μ}) scattering on argon with a muon and a proton in the final state, ^{40}Ar (ν_{μ},μp)X. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector with an exposure of 4.59×10^{19} protons on target.

Demographic history and genetic differentiation of an endemic and endangered Ulmus lamellosa (Ulmus).

Background: Ulmus lamellosa (one of the ancient species of Ulmus) is an endemic and endangered plant that has undergone climatic oscillations and geographical changes. The elucidation of its demographic history and genetic differentiation is critical for understanding the evolutionary process and ecological adaption to forests in Northern China.

Results: Polymorphic haplotypes were detected in most populations of U.

Does the environmental Kuznets curve reliably explain a developmental issue?

This study aims to achieve two main objectives; first, it provides a brief but critical description of the empirical literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in terms of history, origin, micro-foundations, measurement of environmental degradation, methodologies and samples. Second, it examines the curious attraction of the EKC despite considerable criticism it has attracted over time. The motivation stems from the mixed results probably due to different econometric techniques, sample periods, country-specific factors and environmental indicators used to test EKC.

Individual and interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on canola growth, physiological characteristics and methane emissions.

Earlier studies have shown that plants produce methane (CH) under aerobic conditions, and that this emission is not microbial in nature. However, the precursors of aerobic CH remain under debate, and the combined effects of environmental factors on plant-derived CH requires further attention. The objective of this study was to determine the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on CH and other relevant plant parameters in canola (Brassica napus L.

The relevance of being hypnotic in addressing trauma in children across settings.

Clinical hypnosis has proven effective in the treatment of trauma, not just for adults but for children as well. Given the prevalence of children with trauma and the trauma-related dysregulation evident in school settings, promotion of emotional regulation skills and access to emotional management tools are necessary. Trauma-informed care is on the rise in both medical and academic settings.

A less objectionable greed? Work-life conflict and unjust pay during a pandemic.

Perceptions of unjust pay represent a central feature in research on distributive justice. Prior studies document that work-life conflict (WLC) is a strong predictor of unjustly low pay. We extend that work by asking: Did the social and economic changes associated with the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) modify the relationship between WLC and perceptions of unjust pay? In September 2019, we collected data from a nationally representative sample of workers to profile the quality of work and economic life.

Dilemma for appeals to the moral significance of birth.

Giubilini and Minerva argue that the permissibility of abortion entails the permissibility of infanticide. Proponents of what we refer to as the Birth Strategy claim that there is a morally significant difference brought about at birth that accounts for our strong intuition that killing newborns is morally impermissible. We argue that strategy does not account for the moral intuition that late-term, non-therapeutic abortions are morally impermissible.

Molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the adaptability of polyploid plants.

Polyploidization influences the genetic composition and gene expression of an organism. This multi-level genetic change allows the formation of new regulatory pathways leading to increased adaptability. Although both forms of polyploidization provide advantages, autopolyploids were long thought to have little impact on plant divergence compared to allopolyploids due to their formation through genome duplication only, rather than in combination with hybridization.

Interaction of Background Noise and Auditory Hallucinations on Phonemic Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and P3a Processing in Schizophrenia.

Unlabelled: Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are among the cardinal symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). During the presence of AHs aberrant activity of auditory cortices have been observed, including hyperactivation during AHs alone and hypoactivation when AHs are accompanied by a concurrent external auditory competitor. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are common ERPs of interest within the study of SZ as they are robustly reduced in the chronic phase of the illness.

Community Engagement in a Time of Confinement.

This article examines the significant constraints on, the necessity for, and the opportunities around community engagement in a time of confinement. We consider the compounded challenges faced by marginalized communities in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and we follow this with reflections on the triumphs and tensions of emergent engagement practices. We then describe four exercises that we conducted before the onset of the pandemic in a research project exploring public engagement from the ground up in relation to policy-making, and we suggest how the lessons learned may be applied to contemporary decision making.

Buckling and Torsional Instabilities of a Nanoscale Biological Rope Bound to an Elastic Substrate.

Rope-like structures are ubiquitous in Nature. They are supermolecular assemblies of macromolecules responsible for the structural and mechanical integrity of plant and animal tissues. Collagen fibrils with diameters between 50 and 500 nm and their helical supermolecular structure are good examples of such nanoscale biological ropes.

Alternate soaking enables easy control of mineralized collagen scaffold mechanics from nano- to macro-scale.

The mechanical properties of biologic scaffolds are critical to cellular interactions and hence functional response within the body. In the case of scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration, engineered scaffolds created by combining collagen with inorganic mineral are increasingly being explored, due to their favourable structural and chemical characteristics. Development of a method for controlling the mechanics of these scaffolds could lead to significant additional advantages by harnessing the intrinsic mechnotransduction pathways of stem cells via appropriate control of scaffold mechanical properties.

Perceptions and Experiences of Vaping Among Youth and Young Adult E-Cigarette Users: Considering Age, Gender, and Tobacco Use.

Purpose: This study examined differences in the topics of vaping perceptions (positive and negative aspects) and experiences (social media content) among e-cigarette users segmented by age and gender (male and female youth and young adults) and tobacco use (never, former, or current user).

Method: E-cigarette users (N = 558, 53.6% male, mean age: 18.

Workforce Planning for Community-Based Palliative Care Specialist Teams Using Operations Research.

Context: Many countries have aging populations. Thus, the need for palliative care will increase. However, the methods to estimate optimal staffing for specialist palliative care teams are rudimentary as yet.

MiR396 regulatory network and its expression during grain development in wheat.

Wheat contains the largest number of miR396 family with 17 miR396 in Poaceae. MiR396 regulatory network underlying wheat grain development has not comprehensively been explored. Our results showed that precursor miR396 family in Poaceae exhibited not only conservativeness but also diversification especially in wheat.

Imaging Butyrylcholinesterase in Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: Molecular imaging agents targeting butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have shown promise in other neurodegenerative disorders and may have utility in detecting changes to normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS). BChE activity is present in white matter and localizes to activated microglia associated with MS lesions. The purpose of this study was to further characterize changes in the cholinergic system in MS pathology, and to explore the utility of BChE radioligands as potential diagnostic and treatment monitoring agents in MS.

Orphans and the relational significance of birth: a response to Singh.

Prabhpal Singh has defended a relational account of the difference in moral status between fetuses and newborns. Newborns stand in the parent-child relation while fetuses do not, and standing in the parent-child relationship brings with it higher moral status for newborns. Orphans pose a problem for this account because they do not stand in a parent-child relationship.

Helicity-Dependent Cross Sections for the Photoproduction of π^{0} Pairs from Nucleons.

The double-polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections σ_{1/2}, σ_{3/2} have been measured for the photoproduction of π^{0} pairs off quasifree protons and neutrons at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. A circularly polarized photon beam was produced by bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electrons and impinged on a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products were detected with an almost 4π covering calorimeter.

The causal effects of education on health over the life course: evidence from Canada.

Objectives: The present article assesses the causal effects of education on health in Canada by gender.

Study Design: This is an empirical study of the relationship between education and self-rated health. Probability samples of cohorts born between 1935 and 1965 are observed in 1990 and 2011.

Short-term cold stress and heat shock proteins in the crustacean Artemia franciscana.

In their role as molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (Hsps) mediate protein folding thereby mitigating cellular damage caused by physiological and environmental stress. Nauplii of the crustacean Artemia franciscana respond to heat shock by producing Hsps; however, the effects of cold shock on Hsp levels in A. franciscana have not been investigated previously.

Population genetic variation characterization of the boreal tree Acer ginnala in Northern China.

Genetic diversity and differentiation are revealed particularly through spatio-temporal environmental heterogeneity. Acer ginnala, as a deciduous shrub/small tree, is a foundation species in many terrestrial ecosystems of Northern China. Owing to its increased use as an economic resource, this species has been in the vulnerability.

Extracellular DNA Promotes Efficient Extracellular Electron Transfer by Pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms.

Redox cycling of extracellular electron shuttles can enable the metabolic activity of subpopulations within multicellular bacterial biofilms that lack direct access to electron acceptors or donors. How these shuttles catalyze extracellular electron transfer (EET) within biofilms without being lost to the environment has been a long-standing question. Here, we show that phenazines mediate efficient EET through interactions with extracellular DNA (eDNA) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research.

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential to identify general macroecological patterns related to the distribution and functioning of soil organisms to support their conservation and consideration by governance. These macroecological analyses need to represent the diversity of environmental conditions that can be found worldwide.

Characterization of pathological thyroid tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy.

Polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an established imaging technique able to provide information related to specific molecular structures including collagen. In this investigation, polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy was used to investigate changes in the collagen ultrastructure between histopathology slides of normal and diseased human thyroid tissues including follicular nodular disease, Grave's disease, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, insular or poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma ex vivo. The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor component ratios, χ'/χ' and χ'/χ', were obtained, where χ'/χ' is a structural parameter and χ'/χ' is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers.

Physiological and transcriptional response to heat stress in heat-resistant and heat-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines at seedling stage.

To understand the molecular and physiological mechanism underlying the heat stress in maize, transcriptional and physiological response to heat stress in the heat-resistant Huangzaosi (HZS) and heat-sensitive Lv-9-Kuan (L9K) inbred lines at seedling stage were analyzed and compared at seedling stage. Our results indicated that MDA content of the two inbred lines increased significantly under heat stress; the values of MDA in L9K was significantly higher than that in HZS. The level of SOD, CAT, and POD enzyme activities in HZS was higher than those in L9K for both the heat-treated group and controls.