Clinical outcome of BCG treatment for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra: Implications for early cystectomy.

Purposes: This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the prostatic urethra.

Methods: Between August 2003 and January 2023, 428 patients with non-muscle-invasive UC received BCG treatment (Tokyo strain, 80 mg, ≥ 5 times) in our hospital; 39 had UC of the prostatic urethra. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of intravesical recurrence, progression (muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC] or metastasis), and subsequent radical cystectomy after BCG treatment in patients with UC of the prostatic urethra.

Percutaneous core needle biopsy for para-aortic retroperitoneal lesions: impact of size and location on diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-guided biopsy and feasibility of ultrasound guidance.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for para-aortic retroperitoneal lesions, identify factors affecting false-negative results, and explore the feasibility of alternative CT-guided and ultrasound-guided approaches for challenging anatomical regions.

Materials And Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included 317 consecutive patients who underwent CNB for para-aortic retroperitoneal lesions. A total of 345 biopsies were performed using 18-gauge cutting needles under CT or ultrasound guidance.

Upward-directed exit-site of the swan-neck catheter and "Easy-to-disinfect the backside area of exit-site" may prevent PD complications.

Background: Upward-directed exit-site has been believed to be the worst for frequent ESI by an old retrospective study using straight catheters. No comparison study of 3 exit-site directions using swan-neck catheter has been performed regarding which direction is the best for our endpoints, Easy-to-see the backside area of exit-site: ESBE, Easy-to-disinfect the backside area of exit-site: EDBE, reduction of both exit-site infection (ESI), symptomatic catheter dislocation and peritonitis.

Methods: We assessed the relationship of exit-site direction with our endpoints in a quantitative cross-sectional, multicentered questionnaire survey.

Chapter 4: CKD treatment in cancer survivors, from Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Kidney Injury During Anticancer Drug Therapy 2022.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most disabling disorders with significant comorbidity and mortality. Incidence and prevalence of CKD in cancer survivors are remarkably high in both adults and pediatric patients. The reasons for this high incidence/prevalence are multifold but kidney damage by cancer itself and cancer treatment (pharmacotherapy/surgery/radiation) are the main reasons.

Long-Term Analgesic Efficacy of Neurolytic Splanchnic Nerve Block via the Transintervertebral Disc Approach to Retrocrural Space: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The celiac plexus block is effective for treating intractable cancer pain and has been the focus of many studies. At our affiliated institution, fluoroscopy-guided splanchnic nerve block with a single needle via the transintervertebral disc approach was the first choice of treatment. The short-term efficacy of this technique has been reported, but the long-term efficacy is not clear.

The effect of aromatase inhibitor on controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation in adolescent and young cancer patients.

Aim: To determine the impact of aromatase inhibitor (AI) use in oocyte cryopreservation among Japanese adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients for fertility preservation, we evaluated the oocyte cryopreservation outcomes following AI therapy in combination with the follicular phase start (FPS) and random start (RS) protocols.

Methods: This retrospective study included 81 cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) among 73 AYA patients with cancer who underwent oocyte cryopreservation to maintain fertility. The outcome measures were the total number of matured oocytes that were retrieved and cryopreserved, as well as their maturation rates.

Efficacy and Safety of Neurolytic Splanchnic Nerve Block via Transintervertebral Disc Approach to Retrocrural Space: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Celiac plexus block is effective for treating intractable cancer pain and has been the focus of many studies. Several guiding techniques such as fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and endoscopy have been devised, and the target of the block has varied in previous studies as both the celiac plexus and splanchnic nerve, which is the main origin of the celiac plexus, have been targeted. At our affiliated institution, fluoroscopy-guided splanchnic nerve block with a single needle via transintervertebral disc approach is the first choice.

Intraoperative Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Tumor Resection in Glioma Surgery: Pros and Cons.

Background: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for identifying residual tumors during surgery. It can improve the resection rate; however, complications related to prolonged operating time may be increased. We assessed the advantages and disadvantages of using low-field intraoperative MRI and compared them with non-use of iMRI during glioma surgery.

Microscopic Navigation-Guided Fence Post Technique for Maximal Tumor Resection During Glioma Surgery.

Background: The fence post technique, which involves insertion of catheters as fence posts around a tumor, has been widely used to demarcate the tumor border for maximal resection of intraparenchymal tumors, such as gliomas. However, a standard procedure for fence post insertion has not been established, and there are some limitations. To overcome this problem, a simple microscopic navigation-guided fence post technique was developed.

Prevalence of neuropathic pain in terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to a general ward: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain among terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to a general ward, using the International Association for the Study of Pain algorithm.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center. We enrolled terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to the general ward between September 2018 and September 2019.

Association between pill burden and interdialytic weight gain in patients with hemodialysis: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

High daily pill burden affects quality of life and mortality. High interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is associated with increased mortality. We examined the association between pill burden and IDWG in hemodialysis patients.

Risk factors for cerebral palsy in neonates due to placental abruption.

Aim: This study aimed to identify risk factors for the onset of cerebral palsy (CP) in neonates due to placental abruption and investigate their characteristics.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using a nationwide registry from Japan. The study population included pregnant women (n = 122) who delivered an infant with CP between 2009 and 2015, where placental abruption was identified as the single cause of CP.

A nationwide, multi-center, retrospective study of symptomatic small bowel stricture in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Small bowel stricture is one of the most common complications in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a minimally invasive treatment intended to avoid surgery; however, whether EBD prevents subsequent surgery remains unclear. We aimed to reveal the factors contributing to surgery in patients with small bowel stricture and the factors associated with subsequent surgery after initial EBD.

Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines.

Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree injuries are rare in both adult and pediatric trauma patients, and due to their anatomical location, associated injuries are very common. Mortality is primarily related to associated injuries, but morbidity remains high even in isolated injuries. Optimal management of duodeno-bilio-pancreatic injuries is dictated primarily by hemodynamic stability, clinical presentation, and grade of injury.

Kidney and uro-trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines.

Renal and urogenital injuries occur in approximately 10-20% of abdominal trauma in adults and children. Optimal management should take into consideration the anatomic injury, the hemodynamic status, and the associated injuries. The management of urogenital trauma aims to restore homeostasis and normal physiology especially in pediatric patients where non-operative management is considered the gold standard.

Complicating effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the severity of adult asthma.

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are common causes of respiratory disturbance. Many cases of patients with both conditions have been reported, and BA and OSAS may exacerbate each other, but information remains sparse.We retrospectively evaluated 60 patients under treatment for BA in our department between April 2016 and March 2018 who also underwent portable polysomnography (PSG) for suspected OSAS to assess potential association between PSG results and asthma treatment or respiratory function.

External validation of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for mortality and bacteraemia risk evaluation in Japanese patients undergoing haemodialysis: a retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the validity of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score for mortality and bacteraemia risk assessment in Japanese haemodialysis patients.

Design: This is a retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Setting: The six participating hospitals are tertiary-care institutions that receive patients on an emergency basis and provide primary, secondary and tertiary care.

The utilization of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: preparation, technique, and the implementation of a novel approach to stabilizing hemorrhage.

Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), if not controlled promptly, leads to death. In the acute setting, aortic occlusion can be performed as damage control surgery (DCS) for hemorrhage originating from the abdomen and pelvis. With the development of endovascular technology, an intra-aortic balloon can be used to achieve aortic occlusion and decrease hemorrhage.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: what is the optimum occlusion time in an ovine model of hemorrhagic shock?

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the early survival and organ damage following 30 and 60 min of thoracic resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in an ovine model of severe hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Eighteen sheep were induced into shock by undergoing a 35 % controlled exsanguination over 30 min. Animals were randomized into three groups: 60-min REBOA 30 min after the bleeding (60-REBOA), 30-min REBOA 60 min after the bleeding (30-REBOA) and no-REBOA control (n-REBOA).

Damage control interventional radiology (DCIR) in prompt and rapid endovascular strategies in trauma occasions (PRESTO): A new paradigm.

This article proposes an innovative concept of interventional radiology for hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. Damage control interventional radiology (DCIR) is an aggressive and time-conscious algorithm that prioritizes saving life of the hemorrhaging patient in extremis which conventional emergency interventional radiology (CEIR) cannot efficiently do. Briefly, DCIR aims to save life while CEIR aims to control bleeding with a constant concern to time-awareness.

Evaluation of pre-hospital administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) by emergency medical services for patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: controlled propensity matched retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of pre-hospital adrenaline (epinephrine) administered by emergency medical services to patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Controlled propensity matched retrospective cohort study, in which pairs of patients with or without (control) adrenaline were created with a sequential risk set matching based on time dependent propensity score.

Setting: Japan's nationwide registry database of patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest registered between January 2007 and December 2010.

Randomised phase II study comparing dose-escalated weekly paclitaxel vs standard-dose weekly paclitaxel for patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer.

Background: This randomised phase II trial compared dose-escalated weekly paclitaxel (wPTX) vs standard-dose wPTX for patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: Ninety patients were randomised to a standard dose of wPTX (80 mg m(-2)) or an escalated dose of wPTX (80-120 mg m(-2)) to assess the superiority of overall survival (OS) with a one-sided alpha error of 0.3 and a power of 0.