Use of surgical videos available on social media among retina surgeons: results of a vitreoretinal specialist survey.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess and interpret how vitreoretinal surgeons use surgical videos available on social media as complementary learning tools to improve, review, or update their abilities, considering their different levels of expertise.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, an online survey was sent to vitreoretinal specialists and fellows.

Results: This survey included 258 participants, of whom 53.

Evaluation of quality and utility of YouTube vitreoretinal surgical videos.

Background: We evaluated the utility and quality of surgical videos posted on the main retinal YouTube channels by surgeons at different career stages and assessed how well the steps of the vitrectomy videos conformed to the parameters in the Casey Eye Institute Vitrectomy Indices Tool for Skills assessment (CEIVITS) scale.

Methods: Forty-five videos were included from nine retinal YouTube channels posted from 2011 to 2021. For each surgeon, 10 videos were randomized and the utility, quality, and educational content were assessed.

Timing Effect of Adenosine-Directed Immunomodulation on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Adenosine is an important regulatory molecule of the immune response. We have previously reported that treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)-prone mice with an adenosine-degrading enzyme (adenosine deaminase) prohibited EAU development by inhibiting Th17 pathogenic T cell responses. To further validate that the targeting of adenosine or adenosine receptors effectively modulates Th17 responses, we investigated the effect of adenosine receptor antagonists.

Reducing instruments in a vitrectomy surgical tray: cost savings and results from a major academic hospital.

Background: Unused or rarely used instruments in standard surgical trays can unnecessarily increase costs. Prior studies have demonstrated the practicality and cost savings of reduced instrument tray sizes in various subspecialties. This study describes results and estimated cost savings from a reduced instrument tray used for vitrectomy surgery at a large, tertiary academic medical center.

Cogan's Syndrome: Clinical Presentations and Update on Treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a rare systemic vasculitis that can severely affect vision and hearing, which may also have significant systemic effects. Early recognition of this autoimmune disorder and intervention can minimize disabling and irreversible damage.

Recent Findings: This article will review the varying clinical presentations of CS and emerging information of systemic disease associated with CS.

Risk of Endophthalmitis in Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Combined with Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Insertion.

Purpose: To identify the incidence of endophthalmitis and visual outcomes in eyes with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion (KPro + PPV + SOI) as compared to eyes receiving Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) alone.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective chart review of 29 eyes of 27 patients with KPro having at least 12-month follow-up. Thirteen of these eyes had hypotony and/or retinal detachment in addition to corneal pathology and thus received KPro + PPV + SOI.

Contact Lens Versus Non-Contact Lens-Related Corneal Ulcers at an Academic Center.

Purpose: To compare the infectious contact lens-related corneal ulcer (CLRU) and non-CLRU cases at Saint Louis University.

Methods: Retrospective review of corneal ulcer cases identified by search of the ophthalmology and microbiology department databases between 1999 and 2016.

Results: Six hundred seventy-seven cases of corneal ulcers were identified, of which 46% were CLRU.

Munson's Sign: An Obvious Finding to Explain Acute Vision Loss.

Keratoconus is a progressive disorder affecting the cornea, which causes the cornea to become weakened and conical in appearance. The resultant decrease in structural integrity of the cornea predisposes affected individuals to acute corneal hydrops, a break in Descemet's membrane, the deepest layer of the cornea, resulting in pain and acute vision loss. We present here a case of this little-known cause of acute vision loss, and an example of Munson's sign, which is a v-shaped protrusion of the lower eyelid on downward gaze that is characteristic of advanced keratoconus.

Comparison of endothelial/Descemet's membrane complex thickness with endothelial cell density for the diagnosis of corneal transplant rejection.

Purpose: This study compared the effectiveness of endothelial/Descemet's membrane complex thickness obtained using high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography with endothelial cell density obtained using confocal microscopy as diagnostic tools in predicting corneal transplant rejection.

Methods: This observational, prospective, cross-sectional study evaluated penetrating keratoplasty grafts. Slit lamp examination organized the grafts into healthy or rejecting grafts.

INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of serum urea and creatinine as surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) in Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, for the first time.

Methods: One hundred and seventeen consecutive cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes without retinopathy [No DR; n = 39], nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n = 39], proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR; n = 39]) and 40 healthy control subjects were included. Serum levels of urea and creatinine were assessed using standard protocol.

Correlation of biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitric oxide and central subfield and cube average thickness in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: To evaluate the role of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as biochemical biomarkers and central subfield (CST) and cube average thickness (CAT) as biomarkers for medical imaging in diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Forty consecutive cases of diabetic retinopathy and 20 healthy controls were included. Cases were divided into two groups: non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 20) according to ETDRS classification.

In vivo early retinal structural alterations following laser photocoagulation using three-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

To study the retinal structural alterations and surface topography of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) immediately following laser photocoagulation up to day 7. Cross-sectional retinal imaging and RPE segmentation maps on spectral domain optical coherence tomography were obtained immediately at hour 1, day 1, day 4 and day 7 following 532 nm neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation in a 56-year-old male patient for branch retinal vein occlusion. Immediately postlaser, loss of reflectivity of all the retinal layers was observed.

Upper Eyelid Reconstruction.

Reconstruction of the upper eyelid is complicated because the eyelid must retain mobility, flexibility, function, and a suitable mucosal surface over the delicate cornea. Defects of the upper eyelid may be due to congenital defects or traumatic injury or follow oncologic resection. This article focuses on reconstruction due to loss of tissue.

Cogan's syndrome and other ocular vasculitides.

The clinical presentation of Cogan's syndrome has been classified as typical and atypical. Like other forms of ocular vasculitis, Cogan's syndrome has been found to have autoimmune origins with antibodies against the cornea, inner ear, and endothelial antigens. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) have been associated with Cogan's syndrome as well as ocular-involving vasculitides not as strongly associated with the audiovestibular manifestations such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Macular Hole Closure With Internal Limiting Membrane Abrasion Technique.

Importance: Internal limiting membrane (ILM) abrasion is an alternative surgical technique for successful full-thickness macular hole (MH) repair.

Objective: To study the effects of ILM abrasion as an alternative method of MH repair.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective consecutive case series from January 2006 to December 2008.

The use of Bowman's layer vertical topographic thickness map in the diagnosis of keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the use of Bowman's layer (BL) vertical topographic thickness maps in diagnosing keratoconus (KC).

Design: Prospective, case control, interventional case series.

Participants: A total of 42 eyes: 22 eyes of 15 normal subjects and 20 eyes of 15 patients with KC.

Ocular vasculitis.

Vasculitis is the inflammation of blood vessels that leads to loss of perfusion and ischemia with necrosis. When this occurs in the orbit, the consequences are typically very conspicuous and can be devastating with decreased quality of life and loss of vision. Systemic vasculitides are often related to ophthalmic disorders, which can serve as the first diagnostic manifestation of potentially life-threatening disease.

ND-yag laser arteriotomy for central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion treated with Nd-YAG arteriotomy with successful outcome.

Methods: Interventional case report of a 61-year-old man with central retinal artery occlusion who underwent an arteriotomy with embolectomy/embolysis with Nd-YAG laser.

Results: Best-corrected visual acuity improved to 9/200 immediately and 20/200 one day after the procedure.

A unique association of granuloma of the lower eyelid to prior trauma.

A 5-year-old girl presented with a mass of the lower eyelid causing lower eyelid retraction and traction in upgaze. The patient had a recent history of minor trauma to the area. An orbitotomy was performed with lateral canthotomy and cantholysis to allow for dissection of the lesion, which was found in the anterior lamella of the lower eyelid.