Could Temperamental Features Modulate Participation in Clinical Trials?

The prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the primary focus of research aimed at slowing disease progression. This study explores the influence of affective temperament on the motivation of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to participate in clinical trials. One hundred four subjects with MCI and SCD were screened for participation in pharmacological and non-pharmacological trials.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour with Regard to Medication Errors in Intravenous Therapy: A Cross-Cultural Pilot Study.

Background: Literature on the prevention of medication errors is growing, highlighting that knowledge, attitude and behavior with regard to medication errors are strategic to planning of educational activities and evaluating their impact on professional practice. In this context, the present pilot study aims to translate and validate nursing professionals' knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB theory) concerning medication administration errors in ICU from English into Persian. Furthermore, two main objectives of the project were: performing a pilot study among Iranian nurses using the translated questionnaire and carrying out a cultural measurement of the KAB theory concerning medication administration errors in an ICU questionnaire across two groups of Italian and Iranian populations.

Volume assessment of the external contour around immediate implant with or without immediate tooth-like crown provisionalization: A digital intraoral scans study.

Purposes: To examine differences between immediate and delayed dental implant loading in maxillary aesthetic areas.

Methods: In this retrospective controlled analysis, 43 subjects who underwent immediate placement of the dental implant in a post-extraction socket were ranked into either immediate (24 implants loaded with non-occlusal tooth-like profile provisional prostheses fabricated by virtual diagnostic impressions and an in-office dental milling machine) or delayed group (19 implants loaded with conventional cover screws and secondary intention healing). Intraoperatively and then four months later, scans of the external layers were acquired with an optical scanner.

Enhancing retention in care in HIV-infected adolescents during COVID-19 in Mozambique: results from the DREAM program.

Introduction: Around 1,7 million adolescents aged 10-19 years worldwide are infected with HIV, 84% of them living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Mozambique is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of HIV in the world. According to UNAIDS, HIV services for adolescents should be tailored and specifically designed for them.

Downregulation of Circulating Hsa-miR-200c-3p Correlates with Dyslipidemia in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD), one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, is a multifactorial disease whose early diagnosis is demanding. Thus, biomarkers predicting the occurrence of this pathology are of great importance from a clinical and therapeutic standpoint. By means of a pilot study on peripheral blood cells (PBMCs) of subjects with no coronary lesions (CTR; n = 2) and patients with stable CAD (CAD; n = 2), we revealed 61 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (18 promoter regions, 24 genes and 19 CpG islands) and 14.

Insertion Torque, Removal Torque, and Resonance Frequency Analysis Values of Ultrashort, Short, and Standard Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study on Polyurethane Foam Sheets.

Short implants were introduced to reduce morbidity, treatment duration, and complex bone regeneration interventions in atrophic jaws and to improve patient-reported outcomes. This study aimed to determine the insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values of ultrashort (3 mm length), short (7 mm length), and standard implants (10 mm length) inserted in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-mm thickness polyurethane sheets with densities of 10, 20, and 30 pounds per cubic foot (PCF). Standard-length implants were the gold standard (control).

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Platelet Activation and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Connection.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus DM (T2DM) is associated with a 70% increased risk for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin resistance has been proposed to play a pivotal role in both T2DM and AD and the concept of "brain insulin resistance" has been suggested as an interpretation to the growing literature regarding cognitive impairment and T2DM. Subjects with T2DM present an abnormal platelet reactivity that together with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia effect the vascular wall by a series of events including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation.

Metabolic Signature of Energy Metabolism Alterations and Excess Nitric Oxide Production in Culture Media Correlate with Low Human Embryo Quality and Unsuccessful Pregnancy.

Notwithstanding the great improvement of ART, the overall rate of successful pregnancies from implanted human embryos is definitely low. The current routine embryo quality assessment is performed only through morphological criteria, which has poor predictive capacity since only a minor percentage of those in the highest class give rise to successful pregnancy. Previous studies highlighted the potentiality of the analysis of metabolites in human embryo culture media, useful for the selection of embryos for implantation.

Low Sulfur Amino Acid, High Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth.

Cancer cells may acquire resistance to stress signals and reprogram metabolism to meet the energetic demands to support their high proliferation rate and avoid death. Hence, targeting nutrient dependencies of cancer cells has been suggested as a promising anti-cancer strategy. We explored the possibility of killing breast cancer (BC) cells by modifying nutrient availability.

Physical Exercise and the Hallmarks of Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Growing evidence suggests that, among the different molecular/cellular pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cancer, there are 14 hallmarks that play a major role, including: (i) sustaining proliferative signaling, (ii) evading growth suppressors, (iii) activating invasion and metastasis, (iv) enabling replicative immortality, (v) inducing angiogenesis, (vi) resisting cell death, (vii) reprogramming energy metabolism, (viii) evading immune destruction, (ix) genome instability and mutations, (x) tumor-promoting inflammation, (xi) unlocking phenotypic plasticity, (xii) nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming, (xiii) polymorphic microbiomes, and (xiv) senescent cells. These hallmarks are also associated with the development of breast cancer, which represents the most prevalent tumor type in the world. The present narrative review aims to describe, for the first time, the effects of physical activity/exercise on these hallmarks.

Hindering NAT8L expression in hepatocellular carcinoma increases cytosolic aspartate delivery that fosters pentose phosphate pathway and purine biosynthesis promoting cell proliferation.

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is synthesized by the mitochondrial enzyme NAT8L, which uses acetyl-CoA and aspartate as substrates. These metabolites are fundamental for bioenergetics and anabolic requirements of highly proliferating cells, thus, NAT8L modulation may impinge on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Specifically, aspartate represents a limiting amino acid for nucleotide synthesis in cancer.

Googling Insomnia, Light, Metabolism, and Circadian: A Population Interest Simple Report.

Exposure to light at night, insomnia, and disrupted circadian patterns could be considered risk factors for developing noncommunicable diseases. Understanding the awareness of the general population about the abovementioned factors could be essential to predict noncommunicable diseases. This report aimed to investigate the general community's interest in circadian, insomnia, metabolism, and light using Google Trends, and to evaluate results from different geographic areas.

Health Belief Model efficacy in explaining and predicting intention or uptake influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

Introduction: The influenza vaccination is a priority during pregnancy due to infection-related-outcomes. The study aim is to assess the acceptance by women of influenza vaccination during pregnancy based on Health Belief Model (HBM).

Methods: A multicentre observational study was carried out with a convenience sample of 300 respondents.

Treatment of HFpEF beyond the SGLT2-Is: Does the Addition of GLP-1 RA Improve Cardiometabolic Risk and Outcomes in Diabetic Patients?

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common clinical syndrome frequently seen in elderly patients, the incidence of which is steadily increasing due to an ageing population and the increasing incidence of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, chronic renal failure, and so on. It is a multifactorial disease with different phenotypic aspects that share left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and is the cause of about 50% of hospitalizations for heart failure in the Western world. Due to the complexity of the disease, no specific therapies have been identified for a long time.

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Cerebral Endometriosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Endometriosis is a systemic medical condition characterized by endometrial tissue that is abnormally implanted in extrauterine sites, including the central nervous system. In this article, we reported the case of a patient with presumed cerebral endometriosis who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and panic disorder and systematically reviewed the literature for previously reported neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with cerebral and cerebellar endometriosis. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science bibliographic databases were searched according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Moral Distress of Intensive Care Nurses: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study Two Years after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed great pressure on healthcare facilities, exposing healthcare professionals to various challenges that may result in the onset of moral distress, a condition of psychological distress caused by the inability to act as it would be most morally appropriate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the experience lived by nurses who worked in an intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This is a phenomenological study using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Acute restraint stress impairs histamine type 2 receptor ability to increase the excitability of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens.

Histamine, a monoamine implicated in stress-related arousal states, is synthesized in neurons exclusively located in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) from where they diffusely innervate striatal and mesolimbic networks including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a vital node in the limbic loop. Since histamine-containing TMN neuron output increases during stress, we hypothesized that exposure of mice to acute restrain stress (ARS) recruits endogenous histamine type 2 receptor (H2R) signaling in the NAc, whose activation increases medium spiny neurons (MSNs) intrinsic excitability via downregulation of A-type K currents. We employed an ARS paradigm in which mice were restrained for 120 min, followed by a 20-min recovery period, after which brain slices were prepared for ex vivo electrophysiology.

Evaluation of HIV-1 capsid genetic variability and lenacapavir (GS-6207) drug resistance-associated mutations according to viral clades among drug-naive individuals.

Objectives: We evaluated the HIV-1 capsid genetic variability and lenacapavir drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) among drug-naive individuals across HIV-1 clades.

Methods: A total of 2031 HIV-1 sequences from drug-naive patients were analysed for capsid amino acid modification and the prevalence of lenacapavir DRMs. Amino acid positions with <5% variability were considered as conserved and variability was analysed by HIV-1 clades.

An overview of the pharmacological options for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Introduction: Childhood and adolescence represent critical stages for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). According to recent guidelines and meta-analyses, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) should be considered as the first-line pharmacological option for pediatric OCD presenting mild-to-moderate symptoms, and second-generation antipsychotic augmentation therapy should be regarded for resistant cases.

Areas Covered: The present paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence that should guide clinicians on the choice of the appropriate first-line drugs and augmentation strategies for pediatric OCD, while considering their adverse effects and attrition rates.

Saliva Analysis of pH and Antioxidant Capacity in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with and activates the stress response system, and variation in the physiological antioxidant capacity of body fluids. Our aim was to evaluate the variation of pH and antioxidant capacity on the saliva of obstructive sleep apnea subjects (OG) compared to a control group (CG).

Method: Fifty subjects with moderate/severe OSAS were recruited in Tor Vergata Hospital and compared with 20 healthy subjects CG.

Frontline Involvement in Population COVID-19 Vaccinations: Lived Experience of Nursing Students.

(1) Background: The globally promoted vaccination campaign has been shown to be the solution for the COVID-19 pandemic, reducing transmission, hospitalisation and the need for intensive care. Although several studies have examined the experiences of healthcare workers during the pandemic, few studies have investigated healthcare student experiences. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of third-year nursing students during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.