Comprehensive analysis of parvovirus B19 infection in blood donors: epidemiological trend and implications for transfusion safety and management strategies in Italy.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) presents a significant concern in the context of blood transfusion safety, given its potential for transmission through contaminated blood products, and the increased viral circulation recently reported across Europe. This study examines the recent epidemiological trends of B19V in Italy, where a notable increase in B19V-positive plasma units was observed during early 2024. While routine NAT testing for B19V in individual blood donations is not currently justified, the existing screening protocols for plasma intended for industrial fractionation are crucial to ensure the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products.

Off-Label Use of Anakinra in Inflammatory Conditions in Neonates and Infants Up to 3 Months of Age: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.

Background: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Since IL-1 has been shown to play a key role in the etiology of different autoinflammatory diseases, blocking its pathway has become an important therapeutic target, even in neonates.

Aims: We aimed to report our experience in using anakinra to treat specific neonatal inflammatory conditions.

Determinants of Prolonged Hospitalization in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Ensuring an appropriate length of stay (LOS) is a primary goal for hospitals, as prolonged LOS poses clinical risks and organizational challenges. Children and adolescents are particularly susceptible to prolonged LOS due to frequent hospitalizations and unique vulnerabilities, including developmental disabilities that may necessitate additional care and monitoring. This study aims to describe the LOS of children and adolescent patients and identify the sociodemographic, organizational, clinical, and nursing care factors contributing to prolonged LOS in this population.

Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Framework of mHSPC and nmCRPC: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Project of the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO).

The recent evidences provided in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC) and in nonmetastatic castration resistant (nmCRPC) introduced the possibility to adopt Androgen Receptor Signaling inhibitor (ARSi) alone (both settings) or with chemotherapy (in mHSPC). In daily clinical practice there are some opening questions regarding the inclusion of next generation imaging, mainly PSMA-PET, how integrate local treatment as radiotherapy, how to select patients or drugs in a multiple-choice scenario, and how to manage patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. These issues led the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) to develop a consensus project involving all of the most important Italian scientific societies engaged in the multidisciplinary and multiprofessional management of the disease.

Absorbable Powder Haemostat Use in Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery.

: Significant intraoperative and postoperative blood loss are rare but possibly life-threatening complications after lung resection surgery either during open or minimally invasive procedures. Microporous Polysaccharide Haemospheres (ARISTA™AH) have demonstrated time-efficient haemostasis, lower postoperative blood volumes and a lower blood transfusion requirement, without any identified adverse events across other specialities. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of ARISTA™AH on short-term postoperative outcomes in thoracic surgery.

In vitro effect of hCG on cryptorchid patients' gubernacular cells: a predictive model for adjuvant personalized therapy.

Background: Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum at birth, being a risk factor for testis cancer and infertility. The most effective method to treat cryptorchidism is orchiopexy, followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy; however, a portion of treated patients do not show a significant improvement in testis volume and vascularization after adjuvant therapy.

Methods: In this study, we generated an in vitro model to predict the patient response to hCG by cultivating and treating primary cells derived from five cryptorchid patients' biopsies of gubernaculum testis, the ligament that connects the testicle to the scrotum.

The impact of leadership interventions on neonatal care: a systematic review of current literature.

Unlabelled: Effective leadership is essential in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where complex, high-stakes environments require coordinated multidisciplinary teamwork. Strong leadership improves clinical outcomes, team performance, and staff well-being. This systematic review assesses various leadership models and interventions in NICUs to identify best practices and areas for future research.

Impact of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet on metabolic and microbiota outcomes in post-bariatric patients and bariatric-Naïve individuals: A comparative pilot study.

Aims: To date, bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective long-term treatment for obesity, but weight regain (WR) is common. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is effective for weight loss and may influence gut microbiota (GM) composition, but it has been scarcely evaluated in post-bariatric patients. This study compared the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD in patients with WR post-bariatric surgery (BS+) and in bariatric surgery-naïve patients (BS-).

Mental Health Care Utilization and Prescription Rates Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in France.

Importance: Amid escalating mental health challenges among young individuals, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing postpandemic trends is critical.

Objective: To examine mental health care utilization and prescription rates for children, adolescents, and young adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based time trend study used an interrupted time series analysis to examine mental health care and prescription patterns among the French population 25 years and younger.

Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders for breast cancer treatment: focus on pharmacological differences.

Purpose: The management of hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC) relies on endocrine therapy (ET), with a primary focus on disrupting estrogen receptor (ER) signaling due to its critical role in BC tumorigenesis and progression. While effective for both early-stage and advanced breast cancers, ET frequently encounters resistance mechanisms, including both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent trajectories, ultimately leading to disease progression.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases to review the current evidence on the use of novel oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for the treatment of HR+ BC.

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome and adrenal hyperplasia: finding differences to make a specific diagnosis.

Purpose: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are two pathologic conditions sharing several clinical features (hirsutism, acne, polycystic ovary morphology, metabolic alterations, ovulatory dysfunctions) and especially hyperandrogenism as a common clinical hallmark. Therefore, making a differential diagnosis of the two conditions still remains a great medical challenge.

Methods: In particular, the comparison discussed in this review referred to non-classical form of adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), which regards the adult population, and the Endocrine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), following the new set of PCOS diagnostic criteria proposed by the Experts Group on Inositol and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS).

Predictive Efficacy of Dual Therapies Combining Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors with Second-Generation Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Following HIV-1 Treatment Failure in Cameroon: Implications for the Use of a Long-Acting Therapeutic Strategy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Dual therapies (DT) combining integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2nd-Gen-NNRTIs) offer new possibilities for HIV treatment to improve adherence. However, drug resistance associated mutations (RAMs) to prior antiretrovirals may jeopardize the efficacy of DT. We herein describe the predicted efficacy of DT combining INSTIs + 2nd-Gen-NNRTI following treatment failure among Cameroonian patients.

The Importance of Multidimensional Frailty in Clinical Practice.

Frailty in older adults is a complex, multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors [...

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia-like AML: Genetic Perspective and Clinical Implications.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare type of AML, characterized by the t(15;17) translocation and accounting for 8-15% of cases. The introduction of target therapies, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), radically changed the management of APL, making it the most curable AML subtype. However, a small percentage (estimated to be 2%) of AML presenting with APL-like morphology and/or immunophenotype lacks t(15;17).

Two FAM134B isoforms differentially regulate ER dynamics during myogenesis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plasticity and ER-phagy are intertwined processes essential for maintaining ER dynamics. We investigated the interplay between two isoforms of the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B in regulating ER remodeling in differentiating myoblasts. During myogenesis, the canonical FAM134B1 is degraded, while its isoform FAM134B2 is transcriptionally upregulated.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional and Pharmacological Strategies for Obesity.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the long-term efficacy and safety of various nutritional and pharmacological strategies for managing obesity. The focus is on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT), and pharmacological interventions such as naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide. Given the chronic nature of obesity, understanding the sustainability and impact of these treatments over time is critical.

Evaluating the effectiveness of oral HIV self testing according to distribution models in Cameroon.

Innovative strategies such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) are useful for identifying hard-to-reach people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), especially in developing settings where considerable gaps still exist in reaching the first 95% UNAIDS target. We evaluated the effectiveness of HIVST in Cameroon using several distribution models and investigated the predictors of HIV seropositivity among self-testers. The study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in three regions in Cameroon.

Exploring the impact of exercise on women with ovarian cancer: A call for more methodologically standardized RCTs to enable a realistic systematic review.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among gynecological malignancies, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to nonspecific symptoms and limited screening tools. Standard treatment, including cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy, can cause fatigue, physical dysfunction, and psychological distress, impacting quality of life. Exercise interventions have shown potential to mitigate these effects, but inconsistent methodologies in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) limit reliable conclusions and clinical integration.

Determinants of gender-equitable attitudes among adult men in a health education program: a cross-sectional study in Southern Malawi.

Background: Malawi ranks 142 out of 170 countries on the UN's Gender Inequality Index (GII). Women and men in Malawi have unequal access to and control over resources. Previous research has primarily examined gender roles and norms from a women's perspective, but few studies have investigated men's attitudes and behaviors regarding gender equality.

Simultaneous treatment with benralizumab and ustekinumab in a patient with severe asthma and ulcerative colitis.

The burden of autoimmune diseases is rising worldwide. The expansion of the population of patients eligible for severe asthma biological therapy we are seeing in clinical practice could lead to the simultaneous use of different monoclonal antibodies. We present the case of biological combination therapy with ustekinumab and benralizumab in a patient with ulcerative colitis and severe eosinophilic asthma.

Clinical characteristics of EGFR-ctDNA shedders in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) revolutionized the molecular diagnostics of lung cancer by enabling non-invasive, sensitive identification of actionable mutations. However, ctDNA analysis may be challenging due to tumor shedding variability, leading to false negative results. This study aims to understand the determinants for ctDNA shedding based on clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients, for a better interpretation of false negative results to be considered when ordering ctDNA analysis for clinical practice.

Needs, rights and perspectives in the Birth Care Pathway during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: the BiSogni Study, an exploratory qualitative research.

Background: With the COVID-19 emergency, the provision of healthcare had to be reorganized. Community Health Services for Families of Trieste adopted new methods to ensure continuity of care and the maintenance of the Standards and Good Practices of the Baby Friendly Initiative of UNICEF for the Birth Care Pathway. The aim of the study was to identify the perceived needs of women, couples, caregivers, and health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate new healthcare strategies, identifying weaknesses and strengths, and future developments.