A 19-year-old male patient has a congenital condition where the left pericardium (the membrane surrounding the heart) is missing.
He also experiences spontaneous pneumothorax, which is when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse.
The diagnosis of the missing pericardium was only confirmed during surgery, but doctors should have suspected it beforehand due to the patient's pneumothorax.