Isocyanate induces cytotoxicity via activation of phosphorylated alpha synuclein protein, nitrosative stress, and apoptotic pathway in Parkinson's Disease model-SHSY-5Y cells.

Background: Neurotoxic disorders account for a significant portion of the diseases that influence the worldwide disease burden. Parkinson's disease is one such disease that is linked with environmental toxin exposure. Isocyanates are a highly reactive industrial intermediate used widely in manufacturing plastic products, paints, etc.

A preliminary study assessing the effect of isocyanate in neuroblastoma brain cells in vitro.

Isocyanate is an intermediate compound used in the manufacturing of a number of pesticides. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism of isocyanate in SHSY‑5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Cells were treated with a chemical equivalent of isocyanate, i.

Efficacy of Curcumin with Iontophoretic Application on Paw Edema and Hematological Responses in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Models.

Background: According to previous studies, oral administration of curcumin elucidates anti-inflammatory effect irrespective of its poor bioavailability. This study aims to measure the efficacy of lyophilized curcumin extracts with iontophoresis in arthritic rat models.

Methods: Lyophilization and characterization of curcumin using the standard HPTLC method was carried out followed by induction of inflammatory arthritis in male albino rats.

Insight into Mechanistic Action of Thymoquinone Induced Melanogenesis in Cultured Melanocytes.

Background: Melanin plays a crucial role in camouflage, social communication and protection against harmful ultraviolet radiations. Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes through melanogenesis and several intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved during the process. Any change occuring in the normal melanogenesis process can cause severe pigmentation problems of hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation.

Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized with the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a mid-brain. This loss is believed to be associated with number of environmental and genetic factors. Oxidative stress is found to be one of the factors responsible for the initiation and progression of PD.

Anticandidal synergistic activity of Ocimum sanctum and fluconazole of azole resistance strains of clinical isolates.

Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen in humans. It is the causative agent and most associated with serious fungal infection, accounting for more than 90% of cases. It is a most common cause of deep mycoses and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Biochemical aspects of mammalian melanocytes and the emerging role of melanocyte stem cells in dermatological therapies.

Skin color in animals is richer than human beings and is determined by different types of pigments. Melanin is the key pigment responsible for the diverse pigmentation found in animal and human skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin pigment is synthesized by melanocytes and is consecutively transferred to adjacent keratinocytes; here, it acts as an internal sunscreen to defend from ultraviolet (UV) damage.

Recent Updates in Melanocyte Function: The Use of Promising Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Hypopigmentary Disorders.

Background: Skin pigmentation is a broadly appearing phenomenon in nature which plays an important task of determining the appearance and biology of all vertebrates including human beings. Skin color is a crucial attribute, determined by the synthesis of melanin pigment within melanocytes by the process of melanogenesis and is regulated by many extrinsic as well as intrinsic factors. Tyrosinase catalyzes the key step of melanogenesis, dysfunction of tyrosinase leads to reduce melanin production which results in severe clinical and aesthetical problems of hypopigmentation.

Understanding the ultrastructural aspects of berberine-induced skin-darkening activity in the toad, , melanophores.

Berberine is an active compound of (Daruhaldi) with known multiple pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and anticancer effects. The present work aimed to study the ultrastructural effects of berberine to determine its skin-darkening potential using melanophores, which has not been done to date. Light and electron microscopic analysis of isolated dorsal skin melanophores of has been done after treatment with various concentrations of berberine, along with specific antagonists and agonists of β-adrenoceptors in order to explore the mechanism of action of berberine-induced skin darkening.

Berberine-induced pigment dispersion in Bufo melanostictus melanophores by stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors.

Reduced production of melanin by decreased or the absence of melanocytes leads to various hypopigmentation disorders, and the development of melanogenetic agents for photoprotection and hypopigmentation disorders is one of the top priority areas of research. Hence, the present study was carried out to elucidate the ability of berberine, a principal active ingredient present in the roots of the herb Berberis vulgaris to stimulate pigment dispersion in the isolated skin melanophores of the toad Bufo melanostictus. In the present study, mean melanophore size index of the isolated skin melanophores of B.

On the novel action of melanolysis by a leaf extract of Aloe vera and its active ingredient aloin, potent skin depigmenting agents.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of an Aloe vera leaf extract, along with its standard active ingredient aloin, on the isolated tail melanophores of Bufo melanostictus tadpoles, which are a type of disguised smooth muscle cells offering excellent in vitro opportunities for studying the effects of pharmacological and pharmaceutical agents. It was found that the leaf extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin induced powerful, dose-dependent, physiologically significant melanin aggregating effects in the isolated tail melanophores of B.