Remote monitoring of patients with COPD disease using a tablet system: a randomised crossover study of quality-of-life measurements.

Background: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has been evaluated in COPD, but with varying results. We aimed to evaluate whether a tablet system that monitors disease-related parameters in patients with COPD could influence physical and mental health-related quality of life, compared with usual care (UC).

Methods: 70 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) group D COPD (61% women, aged 71±8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted 41±13%, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) 19±7 points) were recruited at the COPD centre in Gothenburg, Sweden, and randomised to a tablet-based RPM system or UC for a 26-week period, after which they crossed over to the alternative management for another 26 weeks.

Exploring the impact of age on the predictive power of the National Early Warning score (NEWS) 2, and long-term prognosis among patients reviewed by a Rapid Response Team: A prospective, multi-centre study.

Aim: To explore the impact of age on the discriminative ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2 in prediction of unanticipated Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and mortality within 24 hours of Rapid Response Team (RRT) review. Furthermore, to investigate 30- and 90-day mortality, and the discriminative ability of NEWS 2 in prediction of long-term mortality among RRT-reviewed patients.

Methods: Prospective, multi-centre study based on 830 complete cases.

Antiseizure Medications in Poststroke Seizures: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: The most effective antiseizure medications (ASMs) for poststroke seizures (PSSs) remain unclear. We aimed to determine outcomes associated with ASMs in people with PSS.

Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases for studies on patients with PSS on ASMs.

Person-centered support for patients with a pituitary tumor following surgery.

Objective: To evaluate whether a person-centered care practice following surgery for pituitary tumors increased psychological well-being. Secondary aims were to study whether person-centered care would lead to better health status, less fatigue, and better self-efficacy.

Design And Methods: The study is a prospective, single center study using a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effect of a 12-month person-centered practice by means of a name-given nurse care manager, an interdisciplinary team, and peer-support against usual care.

Clinical utility of plasma p-tau217 in identifying abnormal brain amyloid burden in an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease.

Introduction: Using an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), we evaluated the performance of a plasma immunoassay for tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) in detecting amyloid beta positivity (Aβ+) on positron emission tomography and cognitive decline, based on a three-range reference, which stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for Aβ+.

Methods: Brain amyloid status (Aβ- [n = 142] vs Aβ+ [n = 73]) on amyloid PET scans was assessed along with the plasma ALZpath p-tau217 assay to derive three-range reference points for PET Aβ+ based on 90% sensitivity (lower threshold) and 90% specificity (upper threshold).

Results: Plasma p-tau217 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

Nonneutralizing antibodies in Nordic persons with moderate hemophilia A and B (the MoHem study).

Background: The impact of nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAs) in moderate hemophilia is elusive.

Objectives: To explore the presence of NNAs in Nordic persons with moderate hemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB) in relation to treatment modality, clinical outcome, history of inhibitor, and the corresponding factor VIII (FVIII)/factor IX (FIX) gene mutation.

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study covering persons with MHA and MHB in Sweden, Finland, and Norway.

Epidemiology of New Psychoactive Substances in Relation to Traditional Drugs of Abuse in Clinical Oral Fluid Samples.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are health-hazardous through unpredictable toxicity and effects and largely unknown epidemiology, motivating studies of the latter. Up to 138 NPS were retrospectively identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry data from all 34 183 oral fluid drug samples collected in one Swedish health care region 2019-2020 representing 9468 psychiatric and addiction care patients. In total, 618 findings representing 58 NPS were detected in 481 samples from 201 patients.

Childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease and chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis: A Swedish nationwide cohort study 2002-2022.

Background And Aims: Nationwide, population-based studies of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in patients with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking.

Methods: We used nationwide registers to identify all children in Sweden diagnosed with IBD during 2002-2022 and the occurrence of CNO in this IBD cohort and general population non-IBD comparators. To estimate the temporal associations between IBD and CNO we used Cox regression.

Variations in linear energy transfer distributions within a European proton therapy planning comparison of paediatric posterior fossa tumours.

Background And Purpose: Radiotherapy for paediatric posterior fossa tumours may cause complications in the brainstem and upper spinal cord due to high doses. With proton therapy (PT) this risk may increase due to higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) from elevated linear energy transfer (LET). This study assesses variations in LET in the brainstem and spinal cord in proton treatment plans from European centres.

Corrigendum to: "High prevalence of hepatitis E and rat hepatitis E viruses in wastewater in Gothenburg, Sweden" [One Health, volume 19, article number 100882].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.

Perspectives on Abortion Services, the Pre-Abortion Visit, and Telemedicine Abortion: A Qualitative Study in Sweden.

Context: According to Swedish law, abortion treatment should be carried out at an approved healthcare facility. All persons seeking medication abortions are obliged to attend an in-person visit, which includes a gynecological examination, an ultrasound scan, and administration of mifepristone at a hospital/clinic. However, some countries have implemented telemedicine abortion services without the requirement of in-person visits during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Point of view: Challenges in implementation of new immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.

The advancement of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with the approval of three amyloid-targeting therapies in the US and several other countries, represents a significant development in the treatment landscape, offering new hope for addressing this once untreatable chronic progressive disease. However, significant challenges persist that could impede the successful integration of this class of drugs into clinical practice. These challenges include determining patient eligibility, appropriate use of diagnostic tools and genetic testing in patient care pathways, effective detection and monitoring of side effects, and improving the healthcare system's readiness by engaging both primary care and dementia specialists.

End-to-end deep-learning model for the detection of coronary artery stenosis on coronary CT images.

Purpose: We examined whether end-to-end deep-learning models could detect moderate (≥50%) or severe (≥70%) stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) in iodine contrast-enhanced ECG-gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans.

Methods: From a database of 6293 CCTA scans, we used pre-existing curved multiplanar reformations (CMR) images of the LAD, RCA and LCX arteries to create end-to-end deep-learning models for the detection of moderate or severe stenoses. We preprocessed the images by exploiting domain knowledge and employed a transfer learning approach using EfficientNet, ResNet, DenseNet and Inception-ResNet, with a class-weighted strategy optimised through cross-validation.

Quantification of 3D microstructures in Achilles tendons during in situ loading reveals anisotropic fiber response.

While the number of studies investigating Achilles tendon pathologies has grown exponentially, more research is needed to gain a better understanding of the complex relation between its hierarchical structure, mechanical response, and failure. At the microscale, collagen fibers are, with some degree of dispersion, primarily aligned along the principal loading direction. However, during tension, rearrangements and reorientations of these fibers are believed to occur.

Mandibular trabecular bone pattern before and two years after medical or surgical obesity treatment in young Swedish women.

Objective: To investigate if changes in body mass index (BMI) result in changes of the mandibular trabecular bone structure.

Materials And Methods: Females (18-35 years at baseline, mean BMI 42,3) were followed from before (n = 117) until two years (n = 66) after obesity treatment (medical or surgical). The mandibular bone trabeculation was classified as sparse, dense, or mixed on intraoral radiographs (Lindh's index).

AZD2693, a PNPLA3 antisense oligonucleotide, for the treatment of MASH in 148M homozygous participants: two randomized phase I trials.

Background & Aims: A common genetic variant (rs738409) encoding isoleucine to methionine at position 148 in the PNPLA3 protein is a determinant of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver-related mortality. AZD2693 is a liver-targeted antisense oligonucleotide against PNPLA3 mRNA. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) studies.

Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota.

Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.

Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals.

S6K2 in Focus: Signaling Pathways, Post-Translational Modifications, and Computational Analysis.

S6 Kinase 2 (S6K2) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and is crucial for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This review is divided into two parts: the first focuses on the complex network of upstream effectors, downstream modulators, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate S6K2 activity. We emphasize the dynamic nature of S6K2 regulation, highlighting its critical role in cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases like cancer.

Gut microbes modulate the effects of the flavonoid quercetin on atherosclerosis.

Gut bacterial metabolism of dietary flavonoids results in the production of a variety of phenolic acids, whose contributions to health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that supplementation with the commonly consumed flavonoid quercetin impacted gut microbiome composition and resulted in a significant reduction in atherosclerosis burden in conventionally raised (ConvR) Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice but not in germ-free (GF) ApoE KO mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that consumption of quercetin significantly increased plasma levels of benzoylglutamic acid, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and its sulfate-conjugated form in ConvR mice, but not in GF mice supplemented with the flavonoid.

Nyquist ghost elimination for diffusion MRI by dual-polarity readout at low b-values.

Dual-polarity readout is a simple and robust way to mitigate Nyquist ghosting in diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging but imposes doubled scan time. We here propose how dual-polarity readout can be implemented with little or no increase in scan time by exploiting an observed b-value dependence and signal averaging. The b-value dependence was confirmed in healthy volunteers with distinct ghosting at low b-values but of negligible magnitude at= 1000 s/mm.

Living in a bubble with profound difficulties-parents' experiences of extremely preterm survivors.

Aim: To analyse the challenges faced by parents of extremely preterm infants born before 24 weeks of gestation and the potential buffering effect of perceived resources on the family's health continuum.

Methods: The qualitative data were obtained from 70 parents of 70 infants born before 24 weeks of gestation, through open-ended questions in a survey. An inductive content analysis was conducted to identify themes and patterns in the parents' experiences.

Place of death and healthcare utilisation at the end of life among individuals with mental and behavioural disorders as underlying cause of death: population-level multiple-register study.

Background: Understanding the place of death for individuals with mental and behavioural disorders (MBDs) is essential for identifying disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, as well as addressing broader health inequities within this population.

Aims: To examine the place of death among individuals in Sweden with the underlying cause of death reported as a MBD and compare variations between diagnostic groups, as well as explore associations between place of death and individual, sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Method: This population-level analysis used death certificate data (gender, age, underlying cause of death and place of death) recorded between 2013 and 2019 and other national register data.

A novel treatment strategy with hyperbaric oxygen of chronic osteomyelitis and pseudoarthrosis in a child with congenital hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 4 congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis syndrome: a case report.

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare but devastating hereditary disease. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is caused by a mutation in the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 gene (NRTK1). The condition is characterized by multiple injuries, recurrent infections, and mental retardation.