Organophosphorus poisoning causing haemorrhagic pancreatitis - a case series.

Organophosphorus, an insecticide used in agricultural and industrial settings, is the most common cause of poisoning in India. Organophosphorus is a nerve poison that causes irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in excessive cholinergic stimulation of several organ systems. Several complications have been reported, but pancreatitis is quite rare and mainly due to ductal hypertension and injury to parenchyma, consequent to cholinergic hyperactivity in the pancreas.

Referral Audit of Critically Ill Obstetric Patients: A Five-year Review from a Tertiary Care Health Facility in India.

Background: In resource-limited facilities, the greatest number of unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes at referral hospitals is chronicled from emergency obstetric referrals of critically ill patients from lower health facilities. An efficient obstetric referral system is thus necessitated for improving maternal health. Referral practices have not been optimized effectively till date, owing to paucity of a detailed profile of referred women and indigenous barriers encountered during implementation process.

The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) Score: Its Association With the Prevalence and Severity of Anemia in Pregnancy.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a very common medical disorder and is usually related to poor dietary nutrients.

Objective:  The objective of this study was to study the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) score during pregnancy and its correlation with the prevalence and severity of anemia in a tertiary referral hospital.

Material And Method: A total of 430 women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy were included and details of sociodemographic, obstetric, and nutritional factors were asked from all participants.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are crucial for immune system evasion in cancer. They accumulate in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment, suppressing immune cells like T-cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. They promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by secreting cytokines and growth factors and contribute to a tumor-promoting environment.

The evolving landscape of immunohistochemistry in cervical and uterine carcinoma in gynecologic oncology: current status and future directions.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in routine gynecological pathology, particularly with the advancements in molecular understanding and histological classification of gynecological cancers. This evolution has led to new immunostainings for diagnostic and classification purposes. This review describes the diagnostic utility of IHC in gynecological neoplasms, drawing insights from literature reviews, personal experiences, and research findings.

Comparison of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Versus Dexmedetomidine-Dexamethasone Combination for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Patients After Abdominal Surgeries.

Introduction:  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem following general anesthesia and is one of the most unpleasant side effects that affects the patient after surgery and is the worst memory of the hospital stay. The present prospective randomized comparative study was designed to compare the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine with dexmedetomidine-dexamethasone combination for preventing PONV following abdominal surgeries in adult patients and evaluating their sedative and analgesic effects.

Methodology: A total of 75 patients (aged 18-65 years) were assigned to undergo this comparative study via block randomization using a sealed envelope system.

Posterior Fossa Ependymoma in a Child with Extensive Chondro-Osseous Metaplasia Occurring at Cerebellopontine Angle and Masquerading as a Vestibular Schwannoma: An Exceptionally Rare Clinicopathological Manifestation with Review of Literature.

Ependymoma occurring at the cerebellopontine (CP) angle is an extremely uncommon sight and poses diagnostic and management dilemmas to neurosurgeons, radiologists, and neuropathologists alike. Moreover, the presence of extensive chondro-osseous metaplastic elements in ependymomas is an exceptionally infrequent histopathological manifestation. However, due to the seldom-seen nature of this histomorphological feature, there is no definite consensus regarding its etiopathogenesis and clinical consequences, and there is an extreme scarcity of literature elucidating its clinicopathological spectrum and prognostic significance.

Tobacco and alcohol use among lactating women and its association with child nutrition in India: findings from National Family Health Survey 2019-2021.

Objectives: Tobacco use is one of the greatest public health problems in the world. Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use among lactating women ranged between 35.9-83.

Comparative Efficacy of Intracuff 1% and 2% Alkalinized Lignocaine with Saline on Endotracheal Tube-Induced Hemodynamic Changes and Emergence Phenomena in Neurosurgical Patients.

 Extubation is associated with hemodynamic changes and emergence phenomena leading to cough, sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia in the postoperative period. The aim of our study was to compare intracuff 2% alkalinized lignocaine with 1% alkalinized lignocaine and saline in reducing endotracheal tube induced emergence phenomena and haemodynamic changes at extubation in neurosurgical patients.  In this randomized controlled study, 90 adult patients of either sex, scheduled to undergo neurosurgical procedures were randomly divided into three groups of 30 each to receive either 1% alkalinized lignocaine (AL1), 2% alkalinized lignocaine (AL2), or saline as cuff inflation media.

Failure rate of isolated medial meniscus repair in the stable knee: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The present meta-analysis aims to determine the outcomes and failure rates for medial meniscus repairs in patients with stable knees.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus with the terms '(medial meniscus OR medial meniscal) AND (repair)'. The search strategy was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) protocol and included 93 articles assessed for eligibility.

Women's Empowerment in India: State-Wise Insights From the National Family Health Survey 5.

Background Women's empowerment is critical for achieving gender equality and societal progress. Despite various efforts, significant disparities in women's empowerment persist across different states in India. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of women's empowerment using data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5).

Understanding the spectrum of HER2 status in breast cancer: From HER2-positive to ultra-low HER2.

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status in breast cancer spans a spectrum from HER2-positive to ultra-low HER2, each category influencing prognosis and treatment decisions differently. Approximately 20 % of breast cancers overexpress HER2, correlating with aggressive disease and poorer outcomes without targeted therapy. HER2 status is determined through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), guiding therapeutic strategies.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Introduction The risk of sudden death in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is increased by unbalanced cardiovascular autonomic function. Since myocardial ischemia appears to be the cause of this condition of autonomic dysregulation, treating this condition should improve and correct the autonomic functions. Improving myocardial perfusion by PCI might have beneficial effects on the recovery of autonomic balance in ischemia-triggered autonomic dysregulation.

Effect of Timing of Surgery on the Outcomes and Complications in Multi-ligament Knee Injuries: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and A Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Multi-ligament knee injuries (MLKI) are serious and challenging to manage. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of surgical timing on both early and long-term outcomes following an MLKI.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library.

Bacterial vaginosis and biofilms: Therapeutic challenges and innovations - A narrative review.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterised by an imbalance in vaginal microbiota, frequently leading to recurrent episodes, has garnered recent research attention due to the significance of biofilms in its pathogenesis. BV biofilms contribute to recurrence by providing a shelter for harmful bacteria, rendering them resistant to conventional treatment. Objectives of this review include characterising BV biofilms, evaluating the limitations of current antibiotic therapy, highlighting emerging solutions and emphasising multifaceted approaches.

Uterine Serous Cystadenoma or Endosalpingiosis?: A Case Report with a Review of Literature.

Endosalpingiosis is a nonneoplastic lesion defined by the presence of tubal epithelium at ectopic sites such as the peritoneum, bladder, appendix, and even uterus. They may be asymptomatic and detected incidentally on ultrasonography. However, cystic endosalpingiosis is also known to be a mimicker of ovarian neoplasms.

Analysis of sociodemographic profile of glaucoma patients with risk factors, subtypes, and disease severity in a tertiary eye care facility in Northern India.

Purpose: To study the different subtypes of glaucoma and to analyze the demographic and clinical profile of glaucoma patients along with associated risk factors in a multi-locational North Indian study.

Methods: Newly diagnosed and known glaucoma patients on treatment were enrolled in the study. Complete history was taken, and clinical evaluation was done by senior glaucoma experts.