Language disorders.

Developmental language disorders (DLD) are prevalent and persistent among school-age children but are often underrecognized. This chapter discusses the ways in which the various components of communication are impacted by these disorders and outlines the differences in expression seen in different languages. Research on biological and psychologic roots of the syndrome is also reviewed.

Flight training in a migratory bird drives metabolic gene expression in the flight muscle but not liver, and dietary fat quality influences select genes.

Training and diet are hypothesized to directly stimulate key molecular pathways that mediate animal performance, and flight training, dietary fats, and dietary antioxidants are likely important in modulating molecular metabolism in migratory birds. This study experimentally investigated how long-distance flight training, as well as diet composition, affected the expression of key metabolic genes in the pectoralis muscle and the liver of European starlings (, = 95). Starlings were fed diets composed of either a high or low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA; 18:2n-6) and supplemented with or without a water-soluble antioxidant, and one-half of these birds were flight trained in a wind-tunnel while the rest were untrained.

Validation of a Prediction Score for Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Community-acquired Pneumonia.

Recommended initial empiric antimicrobial treatment covers the most common bacterial pathogens; however, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be caused by microorganisms not targeted by this treatment. Developed in 2015, the PES (, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing , and methicillin-resistant ) score was developed in 2015 to predict the microbiological etiology of CAP caused by PES microorganisms. To validate the usefulness of the PES score for predicting PES microorganisms in two cohorts of patients with CAP from Valencia and Mataró.

Implementation and sustainment strategies for open visitation in the intensive care unit: A multicentre qualitative study.

Objective: Open visitation in adult intensive care units has been associated with improved family and patient outcomes. However, worldwide adoption of this practice has been slow and reasons for this are unclear. This study documents barriers and strategies for implementing and sustaining open visitation in adult intensive care units in the United States experienced by nursing leadership.

Problem-Based Learning and Case Scenarios: An Interprofessional Pharmacology Experience.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a required component of the nursing curriculum as it can foster students' abilities to become integral members of the health care team. To facilitate this requirement, an IPE experience focusing on cardiovascular pharmacology was created for nurse practitioner and physician assistant students. The authors developed and utilized a problem-based learning activity and two minicase scenarios.

The effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in early intervention: A multisite randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of an infant mental health intervention, the Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO), versus usual care (UC) on infant neurodevelopment and maternal depressive symptoms in early intervention (EI). This multisite randomized trial enrolled newborns into the NBO (n = 16) or UC group (n = 22) and followed them for 6 months. Outcome measures included the Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-2), Bayley Scales of Infants Development (BSID-III), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Gesture Production in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate delayed and atypical communication development. These deficits constitute a core criterion for the diagnosis of ASD, though information regarding gestural communication in toddlers with ASD remains limited. The present investigation implemented a robust gesture classification system in order to obtain quantitative measures of gesture production in a cohort of toddlers with ASD (n = 40) and controls (n = 40) during 10-min, play-based interactions with caregivers.

How nurse practitioners can advocate for local, state, and federal policy to promote colorectal cancer prevention and screening.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths for men and women, combined, even though it is the most preventable, treatable, and beatable cancer. Polyp removal during colonoscopy is one major way to help prevent CRC, but it can also be prevented by modifiable risk factor reduction. The National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable's campaign "80% in Every Community" is an effort to address disparities in the less-screened populations and communities.

Improving the rate of colorectal cancer screening with the "80% in every community" campaign.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in both cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths in men and women in the United States. Fortunately, both incidence and deaths have declined due to the increased use of CRC screening to find and remove precancerous polyps and to diagnose CRC at earlier, more treatable stages. Deaths from CRC have shifted to a new demographic, with a recent increase in incidence of 2% per year in people younger than 55 years.

Scapular movement impairments in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome based on scapular assistance test and scapula reposition test outcomes.

Background: Individuals with subacromial pain present with a variety of contributing impairments related to the movement problem. The scapular assistance test (SAT) and scapula reposition test (SRT) are proposed to identify shoulder pain related to abnormal scapular movement or position. It remains unknown if scapular movement related impairments are present in those with positive tests.

A potential role for dendritic spines in bisphenol-A induced memory impairments during adolescence and adulthood.

Developmental exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, alters many behaviors and neural parameters in rodents and non-human-primates. The effects of BPA are mediated via gonadal hormone, primarily, estrogen receptors, and are not limited to the perinatal period since recent studies show impairments further into development. The studies described in this chapter address the effects of BPA administration during early adolescence on memory and dendritic spine density in intact male and female rats as well as ovariectomized (OVX) rats in late adolescence and show that some of these adolescent induced changes endure into adulthood.

A comparison of online and in-person counseling outcomes using solution-focused brief therapy for college students with anxiety.

This study compared online, synchronous video counseling to in-person counseling using solution-focused brief therapy for college students with mild to moderate anxiety. Participants were 49 undergraduate students who were seeking counseling for mild to moderate anxiety. The study was conducted from November, 2017 to December 2018.

Effectiveness of Short-term Medical Missions on Chronic Disease in Underserved Communities.

A retrospective chart review study was conducted to evaluate health outcomes after a nurse-led short-term medical mission group provided free health care in four communities in Kingston, Jamaica over a four-year period. Participants were adult patients who had visited short-term medical mission clinics at least twice and were diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes. Blood pressure (BP) and blood sugar (BS) results along with factors including adherence and control per guidelines were analyzed using descriptive, -tests and chi-square analysis.

Interprofessional perspectives on faculty-to-faculty incivility from nursing and social work.

Healthcare delivery systems frequently require interprofessional collaboration between members of several health and social care professions. In the United States, two of the largest are nursing and social work. How these two professions address incivility between faculty members is not well understood.

The Effects of Vitamin D and Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Chronic Knee Pain in Older US Adults: Results From a Randomized Trial.

Objective: Knee pain from osteoarthritis is frequent in the adult population. Prior trials have had conflicting results concerning the therapeutic effects of vitamin D on knee pain, and few trials have investigated marine Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA).

Methods: In the double-blind, placebo-controlled Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), 25,871 US adults were randomized in a 2-by-2 factorial design to receive vitamin D or n-3 FA.

Examining the Relationship Between Biometric Indicators and Pharmacy Students' Academic Performance.

To use a fitness tracking device to track student wellness habits, specifically number of steps, activity, and sleep duration, in an attempt to identify relationships between these variables and academic performance outcomes such as examination scores and course grades. A fitness tracker was issued to second professional year Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students to track their daily number of steps, activity levels, and minutes of sleep. Individual data from these devices were collected using a cloud-based data aggregation platform.

Accentuated Eccentric Loading and Cluster Set Configurations in the Bench Press.

Lates, AD, Greer, BK, Wagle, JP, and Taber, CB. Accentuated eccentric loading and cluster set configurations in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1485-1489, 2022-This study was designed to examine the kinetic and kinematic differences between an Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), traditional loading, and cluster sets in trained male subjects (age: 23.

Examining Links Between Diet and Lead Exposure in Young Children: 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective: Despite recommendations to consume iron-, calcium-, and vitamin C-rich foods for managing blood lead levels (BLLs), limited evidence exists on how specific foods affect children's BLLs. Using data from 12- to 36-month olds (n = 992) from the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we assessed how foods rich in these nutrients associate with BLLs, and with potential inadvertent exposures to cadmium and mercury.

Methods: Food intake was assessed from one 24-hour dietary recall.

Dietary antioxidants attenuate the endocrine stress response during long-duration flight of a migratory bird.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are metabolic hormones that promote catabolic processes, which release stored energy and support high metabolic demands such as during prolonged flights of migrating birds. Dietary antioxidants (e.g.

A Naïve Population of European Oyster Ostrea edulis with Reduced Susceptibility to the Pathogen Bonamia ostreae: Are S-Strategy Life Traits Providing Protection?

European populations of the native flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, have been heavily depleted by two protozoan parasites, Marteila refringens and Bonamia ostreae, with mortalities of up to 90% reported in naïve populations. However, in studies carried out over a 10-year period, researching the parasite-host relationship of B. ostreae and O.

Detecting changes in postural sway.

Postural sway has been identified as a valid marker for assessing the presence of a concussion and monitoring return to activity progression. Instrumented balance assessments have shown to be more reliable in detecting postural sway. However, many sports medicine programs cannot afford to purchase a force plate system to objectively assess postural sway and changes, which may occur due to a head injury.

Characterization and strong risk association of to polymorphism and and their influence on mRNA expression in gastric cancer.

Background: Toll-like receptor-2 () is responsible for recognizing () and activating the immune response. Polymorphisms in may modulate gastric carcinogenesis.

Aim: To evaluate whether the (rs3804099) and - (rs111200466) polymorphisms contribute to gastric carcinogenesis in the Brazilian population, and to determine the influence of both polymorphisms and infection on mRNA expression.

Concussion Experiences in New England Private Preparatory High School Students Who Played Sports or Recreational Activities.

Background: Sports- and recreation-related (SRR) activities are a major cause of adolescent concussions. Most adolescent SRR concussion research has been conducted among public school students. As private schools are qualitatively different from public schools (eg, location, socioeconomic status, sports played), this study explores the concussion experiences of a large group of private high school students.

Is Open Visitation Really "Open" in Adult Intensive Care Units in the United States?

Background: Evidence indicates that open visitation in adult intensive care units is a best practice for patient- and family-centered care, and nurses substantially influence such visitation patterns. However, it is unclear whether intensive care units in Magnet and Pathway to Excellence (MPE) facilities nationwide implement this in practice.

Objective: To describe current national visitation practices in adult intensive care units and determine whether they have changed since the last national study, which used data from 2008 to 2009.

Elastin-derived scaffolding associated or not with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) in the repair process of metaphyseal bone defects.

Tissue engineering represents a promising alternative for reconstructive surgical procedures especially for the repair of bone defects that do not regenerate spontaneously. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the elastin matrix (E24/50 and E96/37) incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) or morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the bone repair process in the distal metaphysis of rat femur. The groups were: control group (CG), hydrolyzed elastin matrix at 50°C/24h (E24/50), E24/50 + HA (E24/50/HA), E24/50 + BMP (E24/50/BMP), hydrolyzed elastin matrix at 37°C/96h (E96/37), E96/37 + HA (E96/37/HA), E96/37 + BMP (E96/37/BMP).