Influence of an impacted estuary on the reproduction of an endangered endemic fish.

Health and nutrition of individuals are tied to reproductive success, which determines population viability. Environmental variability and anthropogenic effects can affect the health and nutrition of a species leading to reproductive repercussions which can hinder recovery of endangered populations. Indices of health and nutrition were examined for an imperiled species, delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, in relation to their reproductive status to evaluate the effects of hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.

Increasing a Quitline's Reach to Low-Income Tobacco Users Through 211 Agencies.

Introduction: Low-income individuals bear a disproportionate share of the burden of tobacco use. This study tested the feasibility of increasing a quitline's reach to low-income tobacco users by collaborating with 211 information and referral agencies, which primarily serve people experiencing economic hardship.

Aims And Methods: Study participants (N = 114 888) were adult tobacco users referred to the California quitline by 211 agencies, referred by healthcare clinics, or self-referred from April 17, 2021 to December 31, 2023.

Transforming medical anthropology: Community, praxis, and the Black Feminist Health Science Studies Collaboratory.

Despite the transformative contributions of Black feminist thought, medical anthropology often fails to recognize or center the works of Black feminist thinkers. We argue that Black feminist theory is critical for a study and praxis of new approaches to healing, health, medicine, illness, disability, and care. We can't continue to simply recognize that current systems are failing us; Black feminist theory moves us past recognition toward transformative liberation.

Rapid changes in plasma corticosterone and medial amygdala transcriptome profiles during social status change reveal molecular pathways associated with a major life history transition in mouse dominance hierarchies.

Social hierarchies are a common form of social organization across species. Although hierarchies are largely stable across time, animals may socially ascend or descend within hierarchies depending on environmental and social challenges. Here, we develop a novel paradigm to study social ascent and descent within male CD-1 mouse social hierarchies.

Measurement of Ambient Millimeter Wave Exposure Levels around Small Base Stations.

This study investigated the implementation and impact of fifth-generation (5G) wireless millimeter wave (mmW) technology. 5G offers significant advancements over previous generations and supports additional frequency bands, including mmW, to enhance mobile broadband with ultra-reliable, low-latency communications, supporting a high volume of diverse communications. This technology is expected to enable billions of new connections in the Internet of Things (IoT), fostering innovations in various sectors including healthcare, manufacturing, and education.

Oral Supplements and Photoprotection: A Systematic Review.

Photoprotective effects of various nutritional components and supplements have been demonstrated in animal and studies. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the photoprotective effects of various dietary supplements. A systematic review of studies assessing dietary supplements on photoprotective outcomes was performed.

The Association of Menopausal Age with Sex Hormones and Anthropometric Measures Among Postmenopausal Women in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study.

We investigated associations of menopausal age category with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. We also explored the moderating effect of anthropometric measures on associations of menopausal age category with prespecified sex hormones: estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone-binding globulin, bioavailable testosterone, and total testosterone-estradiol (T/E) ratio. In this cross-sectional study, we included 2,436 postmenopausal women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had menopausal age, anthropometric, and sex hormone data at baseline.

Gut colonization of suppresses colitis-associated colon cancer development.

Colon cancer development may be initiated by multiple factors, including chronic inflammation, genetic disposition, and gut dysbiosis. The loss of beneficial bacteria and increased abundance of detrimental microbes exacerbates disease progression. () is a human gut microbe, and its colon colonization is enhanced by a seaweed-supplemented diet.

Performance of individual criteria of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) intraabdominal injury prediction rule.

Objective: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and externally validated a clinical prediction rule to identify children with blunt torso trauma at low risk for intraabdominal injuries undergoing acute intervention (IAI). Little is known about the risk for IAI when only one or two prediction rule variables are positive. We sought to determine the risk for IAI when either one or two PECARN intraabdominal injury rule variables are positive.

Geographical Distribution of Newly Accredited Anesthesiology Training Programs in Relation to Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Populations.

Background: Expanding the physician workforce in underserved areas is imperative for addressing healthcare disparities. The creation of new residency training programs has assisted in these efforts. However, anesthesiology training programs are infrequently studied in this regard.

Exploring New and Potential Indications for Botulinum Toxin Treatment: An Updated Literature Review.

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has traditionally been utilized to relieve tension in muscular and connective tissue diseases (CTD). However, its usage has rapidly expanded and now encompasses usage for neurological, gastrointestinal, psychological, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and more. More recently, its usage has been utilized for sequelae of CTDs such as Raynaud's disease and reduced oral aperture secondary to scleroderma/systemic sclerosis.

Fat droplets in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain.

It is rare to find free floating fat droplets in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain. When fat droplets are seen in the CSF spaces, the most common cause is the rupture of a dermoid cyst. Dermoid cysts are congenital inclusion cysts that form during the neural tube closure between the third and fifth weeks of embryogenesis.

Predicting admission for fall-related injuries in older adults using artificial intelligence: A proof-of-concept study.

Aim: Pre-injury frailty has been investigated as a tool to predict outcomes of older trauma patients. Using artificial intelligence principles of machine learning, we aimed to identify a "signature" (combination of clinical variables) that could predict which older adults are at risk of fall-related hospital admission. We hypothesized that frailty, measured using the 5-item modified Frailty Index, could be utilized in combination with other factors as a predictor of admission for fall-related injuries.

Remediation in Pediatric Residency Training: A National Survey of Pediatric Program Directors.

Background: The goal of graduate medical education is for residents to achieve the skills and knowledge to practice medicine independently. While remediation is not uncommon in residency training, evidence is lacking to guide best practices.

Methods: We conducted a national survey of pediatric residency programs regarding their remediation experiences identifying struggling residents, documentating the process, and monitoring progress during remediation.

Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Leadership Survey.

Purpose: Surveys to assess views about artificial intelligence (AI) of various diagnostic radiology constituencies have revealed interesting combinations of enthusiasm, caution, and implementation priorities. We surveyed academic radiology leaders about their views on AI and how they intend to approach AI implementation in their departments.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a web survey of Society of Chairs of Academic Radiology Departments (SCARD) members between October 5 and October 31, 2023 to solicit optimism or pessimism about AI, target use cases, planned implementation, and perceptions of their workforce.

Psychotic-Spectrum Disorders With Comorbid Anxiety are Predisposing Factors for Parkinson's Disease in a Case-Control Study.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated associations between psychiatric conditions and Parkinson's disease (PD) development; fewer have examined psychotic-spectrum disorders and PD development.

Objective: The objective was to assess the prevalence of psychotic-spectrum disorders with and without depression and anxiety preceding a PD diagnosis.

Methods: In this retrospective, case-control study of adults > 60 years of age, cases were identified by PD diagnosis and controls were identified in a 3:1 ratio by ambulatory encounter from 2015 to 2020.

Small protein ERSP encoded by LINC02870 promotes triple negative breast cancer progression via IRE1α/XBP1s activation.

Clinical treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are currently limited to chemotherapy because of a lack of effective therapeutic targets. Recent evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) encode bioactive peptides or proteins, thereby playing noncanonical yet significant roles in regulating cellular processes. However, the potential of lncRNA-translated products in cancer progression remains largely unknown.

Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Fellowship Applicants with Greater Research Productivity During Residency are Ranked Higher by Fellowship Programs.

Introduction: Shoulder and elbow surgery fellowships in the United States are recognized for their academic emphasis, yet the correlation between an applicant's research productivity and fellowship match results remains unclear. This study (1) analyzed temporal trends in research productivity among matched fellowship applicants, (2) evaluated the influence of quantity of publications and first authorships on match positions, and (3) investigated program variations in research productivity.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the San Francisco (SF) Match Database for shoulder and elbow surgery applicants matched between 2017 and 2024.

Preclinical Models for Functional Precision Lung Cancer Research.

Patient-centered precision oncology strives to deliver individualized cancer care. In lung cancer, preclinical models and technological innovations have become critical in advancing this approach. Preclinical models enable deeper insights into tumor biology and enhance the selection of appropriate systemic therapies across chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and emerging investigational treatments.

Wood-Inhabiting Nematode, sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from David Elm, with Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Based on Partial Mitochondrial Genomes.

A new nematode species, sp. n. is described in the bark beetle-elm tree association ( and var.

Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN) Consensus Document on Defining a High Quality Wedge Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer.

With the publication of CALGB 140503, an increase in wedge resections for small, peripheral non-small cell lung cancer is expected; however, a relative paucity of data exists as to what defines a high quality oncologic wedge resection. The Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN), through expert discussion, guided by review of what limited data does exist, and through use of a modified Delphi process, provides these consensus statements defining an oncologically sound, high quality wedge resection. The statements are classified into five categories: 1) Preoperative Considerations 2) Technical Aspects 3) Lymph Node Assessment 4) Margin Assessment and 5) Tissue Handling by Pathology.

Design and implementation of an action plan for justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion within the Clinical Genome Resource.

How might members of a large, multi-institutional research and resource consortium foster justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion as central to its mission, goals, governance, and culture? These four principles, often referred to as JEDI, can be aspirational-but to be operationalized, they must be supported by concrete actions, investments, and a persistent long-term commitment to the principles themselves, which often requires self-reflection and course correction. We present here the iterative design process implemented across the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) that led to the development of an action plan to operationalize JEDI principles across three major domains, with specific deliverables and commitments dedicated to each. Active involvement of consortium leadership, buy-in from its members at all levels, and support from NIH program staff at pivotal stages were essential to the success of this effort.

Effect of Preoperative Corticosteroid Injections on Postoperative Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Revision Surgery After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In total joint arthroplasty, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be devastating. Corticosteroid injections (CSIs) are commonly administered for temporary pain relief in the setting of various conditions. Therefore, the current systematic review aims to evaluate whether CSIs administered prior to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are a risk factor for PJI and revision surgery.