Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), with an age of onset < 6 years, can present with severe manifestations and may require biologic therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab are approved for induction and maintenance in pediatric IBD patients but are licensed only above the age of 6 years. Effectiveness and safety data on adalimumab in this patient population are lacking.

Airway MMP-12 and DNA methylation in COPD: an integrative approach.

Background: In COPD, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)] is shifted towards excessive degradation, reflected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as increased MMP concentrations. Because of their critical role in lung homeostasis, MMP activity is tightly regulated, but to what extent this regulation occurs through epigenetic mechanisms remains unknown.

Methods: To explore the interplay between MMPs, TIMPs, and DNA methylation (DNAm) we (1) analysed MMP-9, -12, and TIMP-1 concentrations in BAL fluid, and profiled DNAm in BAL cells from 18 COPD and 30 control subjects, (2) estimated protein-COPD relationships using multivariable regression, (3) identified protein quantitative trait methylation loci (pQTMs) with COPD as a potential modifier in a separate interaction model, and (4) integrated significant interactions with a previous COPD GWAS meta-analysis.

Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation.

Introduction: By recent estimates, 40% of children worldwide are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS), which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. While numerous studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) to widespread differences in child blood DNA methylation (DNAm), research specifically examining postnatal SHS exposure remains sparse. To address this gap, we conducted epigenome-wide meta-analyses to identify associations of postnatal SHS and child blood DNAm.

The genetic architecture of dog ownership: large-scale genome-wide association study in 97,552 European-ancestry individuals.

Dog ownership has been associated with several complex traits, and there is evidence of genetic influence. We performed a genome-wide association study of dog ownership through a meta-analysis of 31,566 Swedish twins in 5 discovery cohorts and an additional 65,986 European-ancestry individuals in 3 replication cohorts from Sweden, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Association tests with >7.

Child behaviour is a main concern for parents of 3-year-olds.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe parental concerns about child health and behaviour and their sociodemographic predictors in 3-year-olds, in relation to the national guidelines of well-baby clinics.

Methods: The study included parents of 33 526 children in Stockholm who had completed a questionnaire prior to a routine visit to a well-baby clinic at age 3 years. Multivariate regression was used to analyse predictors for concerns.

Clinical implications of airway obstruction with normal or low FEV in childhood and adolescence.

Background: Airway obstruction is defined by spirometry as a low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. This impaired ratio may originate from a low FEV (classic) or a normal FEV in combination with a large FVC (dysanaptic). The clinical implications of dysanaptic obstruction during childhood and adolescence in the general population remain unclear.

Quality of Life and Bidirectional Gut-Brain Interactions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome From Adolescence to Adulthood.

Backgrounds And Aims: Reports on cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological distress, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the adolescent and young adult general population are few. We aimed to describe cross-sectional associations between HRQoL and IBS in adolescence and young adulthood, and examine bidirectional gut-brain interactions in the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Methods: We included 3391 subjects from a prospective birth cohort study, with data on IBS at 16 years of age and 24 years of age.

Case report: -related early-onset CID is expected to be missed in TREC-based SCID screening but can be identified by determination of KREC levels.

This report illustrates a case that would have been missed in the most common screening algorithms used worldwide in newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Our patient presented with a clinical picture that suggested a severe inborn error of immunity (IEI). The 6-month-old baby had normal T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels but no measurable level of kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) in the NBS sample.

Psychological treatments for irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

A wide range of psychological treatments have been found to reduce the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but their relative effects are unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we determined the effects of psychological treatments for IBS, including subtypes of cognitive behavior therapy, versus attention controls. We searched 11 databases (March 2022) for studies of psychological treatments for IBS, reported in journal articles, books, dissertations, and conference abstracts.

A meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies on pregnancy vitamin B12 concentrations and offspring DNA methylation.

Circulating vitamin B12 concentrations during pregnancy are associated with offspring health. Foetal DNA methylation changes could underlie these associations. Within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium, we meta-analysed epigenome-wide associations of circulating vitamin B12 concentrations in mothers during pregnancy ( = 2,420) or cord blood ( = 1,029), with cord blood DNA methylation.

A molecular sensitization map of European children reveals exposome- and climate-dependent sensitization profiles.

Background: Understanding differences in sensitization profiles at the molecular allergen level is important for diagnosis, personalized treatment and prevention strategies in allergy.

Methods: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles were determined in more than 2800 sera from children in nine population-based cohorts in different geographical regions of Europe; north [BAMSE (Sweden), ECA (Norway)], west/central [PIAMA (the Netherlands), BiB (the United Kingdom), GINIplus (Germany)], and south [INMA Sabadell and Gipuzkoa (Spain) and ROBBIC Rome and Bologna (Italy)] using the MeDALL-allergen chip.

Results: Sensitization to grass pollen allergen, Phl p 1, and to major cat allergen, Fel d 1, dominated in most European regions whereas sensitization to house dust mite allergens Der p 1, 2 and 23 varied considerably between regions and were lowest in the north.

Lifestyle factors for the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that could be prevented by modifiable lifestyle factors.

Design: In a prospective cohort study of US adults from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n=72 290), NHSII (n=93 909) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n=41 871), we created modifiable risk scores (MRS; 0-6) for CD and UC based on established lifestyle risk factors, and healthy lifestyle scores (HLS; 0-9) derived from American healthy lifestyle recommendations. We calculated the population attributable risk by comparing the incidence of CD and UC between low-risk (CD-MRS≤1, UC-MRS≤2, HLS≥7) and high-risk groups.

Diet Quality and Risk of Older-onset Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: We aimed to assess the relationship between diet quality and risk of older-onset Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC].

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 83 147 participants from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. We used food frequency questionnaires to calculate adherence scores to multiple derived healthy diet patterns: Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI], Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015], Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index [HPDI], and modified Mediterranean Diet Score [mMED] at baseline in 1997 in both cohorts.

Increased incidence of overweight and obesity among preschool Swedish children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide effects on child health globally. Increased prevalence of childhood obesity has been observed by a number of countries during the pandemic. The absence of a formal societal lockdown during the pandemic, made Sweden stand out compared to other countries.

Short-acting β -agonist use and asthma exacerbations in Swedish children: A SABINA Junior study.

Background: In adults and adolescents with asthma, use of ≥3 short-acting β -agonist (SABA) canisters/year is associated with increased exacerbation risk. Whether this association is present in younger children remains unknown. In this SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) Junior study, we assessed the association of SABA collection with exacerbation risk in the general Swedish pediatric asthma population.

Parental responses and catastrophizing in online cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric functional abdominal pain: A mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To test if decreased parental protective behaviors, monitoring behaviors, and parental catastrophizing mediate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms in children 8-12 years with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). The study uses secondary data analyses of a randomized controlled trial in which exposure-based online cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) was found superior to treatment as usual in decreasing gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: The ICBT included 10 weekly modules for children and 10 weekly modules for parents.

Admixture mapping of severe asthma exacerbations in Hispanic/Latino children and youth.

Background: In the USA, genetically admixed populations have the highest asthma prevalence and severe asthma exacerbations rates. This could be explained not only by environmental factors but also by genetic variants that exert ethnic-specific effects. However, no admixture mapping has been performed for severe asthma exacerbations.

Air pollution, metabolites and respiratory health across the life-course.

Previous studies have explored the relationships of air pollution and metabolic profiles with lung function. However, the metabolites linking air pollution and lung function and the associated mechanisms have not been reviewed from a life-course perspective. Here, we provide a narrative review summarising recent evidence on the associations of metabolic profiles with air pollution exposure and lung function in children and adults.

Gene-environment interactions in childhood asthma revisited; expanding the interaction concept.

Investigation of gene-environment interactions (GxE) may provide important insights into the gene regulatory framework in response to environmental factors of relevance for childhood asthma. Over the years, different methodological strategies have been applied, more recently using genome-wide approaches. The best example to date is the major asthma locus on the 17q12-21 chromosome region, viral infections, and airway epithelium processes where recent studies have shed much light on mechanisms in childhood asthma.

Validation of child-adapted short scales for measuring gastrointestinal-specific avoidance and anxiety.

Aim: To validate child-adapted shortened versions of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Behavioural Responses Questionnaire (IBS-BRQ; short scale denoted BRQ-C) and the Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI; short scale denoted VSI-C) for children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs).

Methods: A child psychologist supervised by a child gastroenterologist was responsible for shortening the scales (BRQ-C, 11 items; and VSI-C, 7 items). Then, a sample of 89 children aged 8-12 years with FAPDs was used in the validation.

Association of Short-term Air Pollution Exposure With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Young Adults in Sweden.

Importance: Mounting ecological evidence shows an association between short-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19, yet no study has examined this association on an individual level.

Objective: To estimate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection among Swedish young adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This time-stratified case-crossover study linked the prospective BAMSE (Children, Allergy Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology [in Swedish]) birth cohort to the Swedish national infectious disease registry to identify cases with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing from May 5, 2020, to March 31, 2021.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated with Epigenome-Wide Differential Methylation in BAL Lung Cells.

DNA methylation patterns in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) might offer new insights into disease pathogenesis. To assess methylation profiles in the main COPD target organ, we performed an epigenome-wide association study on BAL cells. Bronchoscopies were performed in 18 subjects with COPD and 15 control subjects (ex- and current smokers).