Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults: A Swedish Population-Based Study.

Background: Kidney complications are common in patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether kidney complications, defined as low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), may predispose to later IBD is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the association between eGFR and the risk of being subsequently diagnosed with IBD among 1 612 160 adults from Stockholm.

Effect of proton pump inhibitors in infants with esophageal atresia on the gut microbiome: a pilot cohort.

Background: The effects of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the infant microbiome remain unclear. Swedish pilot cohort study to assess the longitudinal effect of long-term PPI on the infant gut microbiome, including ten newborn infants operated for esophageal atresia exposed to PPIs (mean 57 weeks), compared to healthy one-year-old controls. All children were born vaginally and were otherwise healthy.

Endotracheal intubation performance at a large obstetric hospital delivery room, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Introduction: Intrapartum-related events account for nearly 700,000 neonatal deaths globally yearly. Endotracheal intubation is a cornerstone in preventing many of these deaths, but it is a difficult skill to acquire. Previous studies have described intubation performances in high-income countries, but data from low- and middle-income countries are lacking.

Histological remission in inflammatory bowel disease and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: A nationwide study.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but it is unclear how risks vary by histological activity.

Methods: We performed a nationwide study of Swedish women diagnosed with IBD 1990-2016 and a pre-pregnancy (<12 months) colorectal biopsy with vs. without histological inflammation (1223 and 630 births, respectively).

Plasticity of Individual Lung Function States from Childhood to Adulthood.

Recent evidence highlights the importance of optimal lung development during childhood for health throughout life. To explore the plasticity of individual lung function states during childhood. Prebronchodilator FEV -scores determined at age 8, 16, and 24 years in the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE (Swedish abbreviation for Child [Barn], Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiological study) ( = 3,069) were used.

Neonatal resuscitation monitoring: A low-cost video recording setup for quality improvement in the delivery room at the resuscitation table.

Background: The quality of neonatal resuscitation after delivery needs to be improved to reach the Sustainable Development Goals 3.2 (reducing neonatal deaths to <12/1,000 live newborns) by the year 2030. Studies have emphasized the importance of correctly performing the basic steps of resuscitation including stimulation, heart rate assessment, ventilation, and thermal control.

Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Infantile-Onset Disease: An Epi-IIRN Study.

Background & Aims: In this nationwide study from the Israeli Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Nucleus, we aimed to describe the incidence of very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases (VEOIBDs) with a focus on infantile-onset disease and to compare management and disease course with older children.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the 4 Israeli Health Maintenance Organizations covering 98% of the population. Pediatric-onset IBD was categorized as follows: adolescent onset (10 to <18 y), early onset (6 to <10 y), VEOIBD (0 to <6 y), toddler onset (2 to <6 y), and infantile onset (<2 y).

Development of sensitization to peanut and storage proteins and relation to markers of airway and systemic inflammation: A 24-year follow-up.

Background: Long-time data of peanut allergy over time is sparse. We aimed to study the longitudinal development of sensitization to peanut extract and storage protein allergen molecules and associations with asthma status, airway and systemic inflammation markers.

Methods: The Swedish birth cohort BAMSE followed 4089 participants with questionnaires, clinical investigations and blood sampling between 0 and 24 years.

Cancer risk in patients with diverticular disease: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: There are little data on diverticular disease and cancer development other than colorectal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study with linkage of nationwide registers to the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden histopathology cohort. We included 75 704 patients with a diagnosis of diverticular disease and colorectal histopathology and 313 480 reference individuals from the general population matched on age, sex, calendar year, and county.

Ambient air pollution and inflammation-related proteins during early childhood.

Background And Aim: Experimental studies show that short-term exposure to air pollution may alter cytokine concentrations. There is, however, a lack of epidemiological studies evaluating the association between long-term air pollution exposure and inflammation-related proteins in young children. Our objective was to examine whether air pollution exposure is associated with inflammation-related proteins during the first 2 years of life.

Exploring proteomic plasma biomarkers in eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma.

Background: Few biomarkers identify eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma beyond cell concentrations in blood or sputum. Finding novel biomarkers for asthma endotypes could give insight about disease mechanisms and guide tailored treatment. Our aim was to investigate clinical characteristics and inflammation-related plasma proteins in relation to blood eosinophil and neutrophil concentrations in subjects with and without asthma.

Midwives' decision-making process when a non-vigorous neonate is born - a Swedish qualitative interview study.

Objective: Midwives are often the first ones to make decisions when a neonate is unexpectedly born non-vigorous. This study aimed to understand how midwives reason and what they experience when deciding what to do when a non-vigorous neonate is born. In present practice, the decision to cut the umbilical cord early is strongly affected bythe decision that the neonate needs resuscitation.

Safety and Potential Efficacy of Escalating Dose of Ustekinumab in Pediatric Crohn Disease (the Speed-up Study): A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN.

Objectives: Escalation of the ustekinumab (UST) maintenance dosage was effective in adults with Crohn disease (CD), but no data are available for children. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of dose escalation of UST in pediatric CD.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study from 25 centers affiliated with the IBD Interest and Porto groups of ESPGHAN.

Presentations of children to emergency departments across Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational observational study.

Background: During the initial phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reduced numbers of acutely ill or injured children presented to emergency departments (EDs). Concerns were raised about the potential for delayed and more severe presentations and an increase in diagnoses such as diabetic ketoacidosis and mental health issues. This multinational observational study aimed to study the number of children presenting to EDs across Europe during the early COVID-19 pandemic and factors influencing this and to investigate changes in severity of illness and diagnoses.

Dietary fibre in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis and sensitization from childhood up to adulthood.

Background: Dietary fibre may reduce the risk of allergy. Our aim was to investigate the association between fibre intake in childhood, asthma, allergic rhinitis and IgE sensitization up to adulthood.

Methods: The individual fibre intake of 2285 participants from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE was estimated between 98- and 107-item food frequency questionnaires at ages 8 and 16 years, respectively.

Normal gastrointestinal mucosa at biopsy and subsequent cancer risk: nationwide population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study.

Background: While individuals with normal gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa on endoscopy have a lower risk of colorectal cancer, risks of other cancers remain unexplored.

Methods: Through Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we identified 415,092 individuals with a first GI biopsy with histologically normal mucosa during 1965-2016 and no prior cancer. These individuals were compared to 1,939,215 matched reference individuals from the general population.