The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine had a sustained effect on Swedish children 8 years after its introduction.

Aim: The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which covered seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (PCV7), was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2007. It was replaced by a 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) in 2011. We previously reported a decreased incidence of pneumonia and sinusitis among young children 4 years after the introduction of the PCV7.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on nutritional and dietary interventions for the treatment of acute respiratory infection in pediatric patients: An EAACI taskforce.

Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Dietary and nutritional interventions, including minerals and vitamin supplementation, have been explored as potential treatments for these infections. However, the evidence on their efficacy is limited and inconclusive.

Influences of community engagement and health system strengthening for cholera control in cholera reporting countries.

The 2030 Global Task Force on Cholera Control Roadmap hinges on strengthening the implementation of multistranded cholera interventions, including community engagement and health system strengthening. However, a composite picture of specific facilitators and barriers for these interventions and any overlapping factors existing between the two, is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to address this shortcoming, focusing on cholera-reporting countries, which are disproportionately affected by cholera and may be cholera endemic.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with increased risk of later inflammatory bowel disease in a nationwide Swedish population cohort.

Background: Earlier studies on the possible association between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been contradictory.

Methods: Patients with biopsy-verified EoE diagnosed between 1990 and 2017 in Sweden (n = 1587) were age- and sex-matched with up to five general population reference individuals (n = 7808). EoE was defined using pathology reports from all 28 pathology centers in Sweden (the ESPRESSO study).

Carbohydrate Counting, Empowerment and Glycemic Outcomes in Adolescents and Young Adults with Long Duration of Type 1 Diabetes.

The complex treatment for diabetes type 1 (T1D) includes insulin dosing for every meal, which requires education and experience to achieve optimal outcomes. Advanced carbohydrate counting (ACC) is the recommended method. We studied ACC as part of a standard treatment with the aim to explore its associations with glycemic control and empowerment in adolescents and young adults.

Sustainable development goals and multisectoral collaborations for child health in Cambodia: a qualitative interview study with key child health stakeholders.

Objectives: Multisectoral collaboration highlighted as key in delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but still little is known on how to move from rhetoric to action. Cambodia has made remarkable progress on child health over the last decades with multisectoral collaborations being a key success factor. However, it is not known how country stakeholders perceive child health in the context of the SDGs or multisectoral collaborations for child health in Cambodia.

Unravelling the respiratory health path across the lifespan for survivors of preterm birth.

Many survivors of preterm birth will have abnormal lung development, reduced peak lung function and, potentially, an increased rate of physiological lung function decline, each of which places them at increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across the lifespan. Current rates of preterm birth indicate that by the year 2040, around 50 years since the introduction of surfactant therapy, more than 700 million individuals will have been born prematurely-a number that will continue to increase by about 15 million annually. In this Personal View, we describe current understanding of the impact of preterm birth on lung function through the life course, with the aim of putting this emerging health crisis on the radar for the respiratory community.

Joint association of air pollution exposure and inflammation-related proteins in relation to infant lung function.

Background And Aim: Systemic inflammation is one potential mechanism underlying negative impact of air pollution on lung function. Levels of inflammation-related proteins have the potential to characterize infants' susceptibility to air pollution induced lung function impairment. This study aimed to examine the interplay between air pollution exposure and inflammation-related proteins on lung function in 6-months-old infants.

Language performance and brain volumes, asymmetry, and cortical thickness in children born extremely preterm.

Background: Children born preterm are more prone to have language difficulties. Few studies focus on children born extremely preterm (EPT) and the structural differences in language-related regions between these children and children born at term.

Methods: Our study used T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to calculate the brain volumetry, brain asymmetry, and cortical thickness of language-related regions in 50 children born EPT and 37 term-born controls at 10 years of age.

Natural course of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis from childhood to adulthood: A 20-year follow up.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There are limited prospective long-term data regarding persistency and remission of AR. The objective of this study was to investigate the natural course of pollen-induced AR (pollen-AR) over 20 years, from childhood into early adulthood.

Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life: development and validation of a clinical prediction model.

Background: Novel immunisation methods against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are emerging, but knowledge of risk factors for severe RSV disease is insufficient for optimal targeting of interventions against them. Our aims were to identify predictors for RSV hospital admission from registry-based data and to develop and validate a clinical prediction model to guide RSV immunoprophylaxis for infants younger than 1 year.

Methods: In this model development and validation study, we studied all infants born in Finland between June 1, 1997, and May 31, 2020, and in Sweden between June 1, 2006, and May 31, 2020, along with the data for their parents and siblings.

Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infections Compared With Seasonal Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Adults Attending the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: There is a controversy over the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in an era of less virulent variants and an increasing population immunity. We compared outcomes in adults attending the emergency department (ED) with an Omicron, influenza, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study including adults attending the ED in 6 acute care hospitals in Stockholm County, Sweden, with an Omicron, influenza, or RSV infection during 2021-2022 and 2015-2019.

Long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study.

Background: Although previous evidence has suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its association with arrhythmias is inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with IBD.

Methods And Findings: Through a nationwide histopathology cohort, we identified patients with biopsy-confirmed IBD in Sweden during 1969 to 2017, including Crohn's disease (CD: n = 24,954; median age at diagnosis: 38.

Long-term safety and immunologic outcomes of daily oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy.

Background: Oral immunotherapy containing peanut () allergen powder-dnfp (PTAH) (Palforzia [Aimmune Therapeutics, Brisbane, Calif]) for 9 to 12 months resulted in higher tolerated amounts of peanut protein in PTAH-treated individuals aged 4 to 17 years with peanut allergy than in placebo-treated participants.

Objective: We aimed to describe additional long-term pooled safety data and changes in peanut sensitization markers from baseline through approximately 5 years of treatment.

Methods: The results from 6 clinical trials of PTAH (3 controlled and 3 open-label extension studies [N = 1227]) were pooled, and analysis of safety outcomes and immunologic data was performed.

Stabilisation and resuscitation with intact cord circulation is feasible using a wide variety of approaches; a scoping review.

Aim: This scoping review identified studies on approaches to intact cord resuscitation and/or stabilisation (ICR/S) for neonates delivered by Caesarean section (C-section).

Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and CINAHL databases to identify papers published in English from inception to 14 November 2022.

Results: We assessed 2613 studies and included 18 from 10 countries, covering 1-125 C-sections: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Italy, China, France, The Netherlands, New Zealand and Taiwan.

Atherosclerosis as a Risk Factor of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Data suggest atherosclerotic-related inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but large-scale studies are missing.

Methods: In this nationwide case-control study, we used the Swedish Patient Register and the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden cohort to identify adult cases of incident IBD between 2002 and 2021, with each case matched to up to 10 general population controls. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) for exposure to an atherosclerotic-related condition (myocardial infarction, thromboembolic stroke, or atherosclerosis itself) before being diagnosed with IBD.

Increasing healthcare costs in inflammatory bowel disease 2007-2020 in Sweden.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease has been linked to increasing healthcare costs, but longitudinal data on other societal costs are scarce.

Aim: To assess costs, including productivity losses, in patients with prevalent Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in Sweden between 2007 and 2020.

Methods: We linked data from national registers on all patients with CD or UC and a matched (sex, birthyear, healthcare region and education) reference population.

EUFOREA summit in Brussels 2023: .

In March 2023, the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways diseases (EUFOREA) organized its bi-annual Summit in Brussels with expert panel members of EUFOREA, representatives of the EUFOREA patient advisory board, and the EUFOREA board and management teams. Its aim was to define the research, educational and advocacy initiatives to be developed by EUFOREA over the next 2 years until the 10th anniversary in 2025. EUFOREA is an international non-for-profit organization forming an alliance of all stakeholders dedicated to reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic allergic and respiratory diseases via research, education, and advocacy.

Absolute and Relative Risks of Kidney and Urological Complications in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: The burden of kidney and urological complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly characterized.

Methods: We analyzed association between developing IBD (as a time-varying exposure) and relative risks of receiving diagnoses of chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), or kidney stones, and experiencing a clinically-relevant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKD progression; composite of kidney failure or an eGFR decline ≥30%) in 1,682,795 individuals seeking healthcare in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2006-2018. We quantified 5- and 10-year absolute risks of these complications in a parallel matched cohort of IBD cases and random controls matched (1:5) on sex, age, and eGFR.

Impact of asthma in Europe: A comparison of web search data in 21 European countries.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways and one of the most important non-communicable diseases worldwide. Analyzing crowdsourced data can help understand public interest and unmet needs as well as potential factors influencing search behavior.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate asthma-related web search data in Europe to identify possible regional and seasonal variations and to assess public interest.