Incidence of acute injuries in Swedish gymnastics with a special focus on cruciate ligament injuries.

Background: Gymnastics is a sport with unique technical and physical demands. Elements of high rotational landing impacts may lead to severe injuries. In order to understand the risks of the sport and design injury prevention programs the magnitude of acute injuries must be understood.

Side-to-side differences in knee laxity and side hop test may predispose an anterior cruciate ligament reinjury in competitive adolescent alpine skiers.

An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common, severe injury in alpine skiing, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is frequently performed in competitive alpine skiers younger than 20 years old. To reduce the reinjury rate, both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors should be examined. The aim of this study was to investigate possible intrinsic risk factors for an ACL reinjury in competitive alpine skiers.

A screening instrument for side dominance in competitive adolescent alpine skiers.

Previous research has shown that high school ski students injure their left anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) more often than their right ACL, and that a prevention program focusing on equal load to the right and left ski turns prevents ACL injuries. Whether the injuries were in the dominant or non-dominant side of ski students was not determined but may be important knowledge to ski coaches for future design of ski-specific training programs. There is no gold standard on how to investigate the dominant side of alpine skiers.

Real-World Effectiveness, Tolerability and Safety of Cyclosporine A 0.1% Cationic Emulsion in Severe Keratitis and Dry Eye Treatment.

Introduction: The PERSPECTIVE study evaluated, in routine clinical practice, the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.1% cationic emulsion (CE) in controlling severe keratitis in adults with dry eye who remained insufficiently controlled despite artificial tear (AT) use.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at 44 ophthalmology clinics across Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the UK.

Gymnasts' experiences and perception of a cruciate ligament injury.

Background: Gymnastics is a high injury risk sport including difficult technique. A cruciate ligament injury is common, though there are no evidence-based guidelines for return to gymnastics. The gymnasts' experiences may add specificity to a guideline.

Stimulating the Resolution of Inflammation Through Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in COVID-19: Rationale for the Trial.

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 triggers an immune response with local inflammation in the lung, which may extend to a systemic hyperinflammatory reaction. Excessive inflammation has been reported in severe cases with respiratory failure and cardiovascular complications.

Treatment of idiopathic rhinitis with kinetic oscillations - a multi-centre randomized controlled study.

Conclusions: The potential effects of KOS are still uncertain regarding the most effective air pressure to be used as well as the physiological effects on the nasal mucosa. The results of the study do not support a convincing treatment effect by KOS on IR.

Objectives: Idiopathic rhinitis (IR) is a common disorder, affecting ∼10-20% of the population.

Diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome as well as traditional dietary advice: a randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: A diet with reduced content of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there is no evidence of its superiority to traditional dietary advice for these patients. We compared the effects of a diet low in FODMAPs with traditional dietary advice in a randomized controlled trial of patients with IBS.

Colonic spirochetosis is associated with colonic eosinophilia and irritable bowel syndrome in a general population in Sweden.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder defined by symptoms in the absence of overt pathology. Colonic spirochetosis (CS), defined by histologic observation of spirochetal strains of Brachyspira in colonic biopsies, is uncommon and considered of doubtful significance. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CS in the general population, identify subtle colon pathologies, and evaluate a link with symptoms of IBS.

Immediate effect of three different electroacupuncture protocols on fasting blood glucose in obese patients: a pilot study.

Background: Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and current methods of management are limited. Preliminary research data suggest that acupuncture may have an influence on metabolic parameters related to obesity.

Objective: To determine the electroacupuncture (EA) protocol to be used in a future clinical trial examining the effect of acupuncture on metabolic parameters related to obesity and to examine whether a single EA treatment can change fasting blood glucose in obese subjects.

Provoking symptoms to relieve symptoms: a randomized controlled dismantling study of exposure therapy in irritable bowel syndrome.

An internet-delivered cognitive behavioral treatment (ICBT) based on systematic exposure exercises has previously shown beneficial effects for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Exposure exercises may be perceived as difficult for patients to perform because of the elicited short-term distress and clinicians may be reluctant to use these interventions. The aim of this study was to compare ICBT with the same protocol without systematic exposure (ICBT-WE) to assess if exposure had any incremental value.

Is placebo acupuncture what it is intended to be?

Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are recommended for evaluation of a treatment's efficacy with the goal of separating the specific effects (verum) from the non-specific ones (placebo). In order to be able to carry out placebo-controlled acupuncture trials, minimal/sham acupuncture procedures and a sham acupuncture needle has been used with the intention of being inert. However, clinical and experimental results suggest that sham/minimal acupuncture is not inert since it is reported that both verum acupuncture and sham/minimal acupuncture induce a significant alleviation of pain.

Treatment recommendations should take account of individual patient variation not just group responses.

Recommendations for treatment are commonly based on results evaluating variation in systematic effects (group responses) from randomised controlled trials without taking the individual patient's variation into account. In the evaluation of acupuncture-related treatment effects, the trial design and statistical analysis used are a challenge since the assessed variables commonly have subjective properties and are based on the person's own self-report. Thus, the results that are seen are often varied, most likely due to inter-individual variation in rating of the actual variable such that the treatment effects are expressed more (or less) in some individuals than in others.

The Emperors sham - wrong assumption that sham needling is sham.

During the last five years a large number of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have been published on the efficacy of acupuncture in different conditions. In most of these studies verum is compared with sham acupuncture. In general both verum and sham have been found to be effective, and often with little reported difference in outcome.

Acupuncture for preconditioning of expectancy and/or Pavlovian extinction.

Both specific and non-specific factors, as well as the therapist, may play a role in acupuncture therapy. Recent results suggest that verum acupuncture has specific physiological effects and that patients expectations and belief regarding a potentially beneficial treatment modulate activity in the reward and self-appraisal systems in the brain. We suggest that acupuncture treatment may partly be regarded and used as an intervention that preconditions expectancy, which results in both conditional reflexes and conditioning of expected reward and self-appraisal.

Is there a role for acupuncture in endometriosis pain, or 'endometrialgia'?

Endometriosis is a common cause of pelvic pain in women, many of whom suffer a progression of symptoms over their menstrual life. Symptoms may include combinations of abnormal visceral sensations and emotional distress. Endometriosis pain, or 'endometrialgia' often has a negative influence on the ability to work, on family relationships and sense of worth.

Assessment of dysfunctional working models of self and others in schizophrenic patients: a summary of data collected in nine nations. International Research Group.

Objective: To investigate the cross-cultural feasibility of a new scale for assessing dysfunctional working models of self and others, and to evaluate its discriminative power.

Method: Schizophrenic patients (N=351), non-psychotic patients (N= 86) and non-clinical subjects (N= 511) collected in 10 centres completed the DWM-S. Current psychopathology was assessed by means of the BPRS.

Epinephrine, potassium and the electrocardiogram during regional anaesthesia.

Epinephrine lowers the serum potassium level through an effect on the beta2-receptor. It is therefore difficult to evaluate whether depression of the ST level and the T wave on the electrocardiogram, during regional anaesthesia, is caused by a high plasma epinephrine level, a low serum potassium level, or both. For this purpose, we studied the relation between electrocardiogram and the plasma epinephrine and serum potassium concentrations during 20 intra-abdominal operations performed under combined epidural and general anaesthesia and in 18 subjects receiving intercostal nerve blockade.

Clinical outcome 1 year after transurethral vaporization and resection of the prostate.

Objectives: To evaluate the 1-year safety and effectiveness of transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP) compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in alleviating outflow obstruction.

Methods: Two experienced surgeons performed 26 TUVPs and 28 TURPs. The intraoperative blood loss was measured by photometry and fluid absorption by the ethanol method.

Effects of long-term abstinence on psychological functioning: a prospective longitudinal analysis comparing alcohol-dependent patients and healthy volunteers.

Using a prospective longitudinal design, differences between abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (n = 15) and abstinent healthy volunteers (n = 11) were determined with respect to their psychological functioning and alcohol consumption patterns following abstinence. Results showed no differences in alcohol consumption. In 20% of the patients and 9% of the controls more than 10% of protocols indicated alcohol intake, and in 27% of the patients and 27% of the controls less than 10% of protocols indicated alcohol intake.

Complications during transurethral vaporization of the prostate.

Objectives: To review adverse events during transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TVP) and to compare them with those occurring during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Methods: One experienced surgeon performed 26 consecutive TVPs and 100 TURPs. We monitored blood loss by photometry, fluid absorption by the ethanol method, and hemodynamic stability with a blood pressure manometer.