Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Encountered Challenges in Optimization.

With a rising emphasis on public safety and quality of life, there is an urgent need to ensure optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds plays a pivotal role in shaping our sustainable future. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in smart wearable (nano)sensors for monitoring harmful gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia (NH), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), sulfur dioxide (SO), ozone (O), hydrocarbons (CH), and hydrogen fluoride (HF).

Effect of UV Irradiation Time and Headgroup Interactions on the Reversible Colorimetric pH Response of Polydiacetylene Assemblies.

Polydiacetylenes are chromatic conjugated polymers formed upon the photopolymerization of self-assembled diacetylenes. They exhibit conformation-dependent colorimetric responses, usually irreversible, to external triggers. Here, we presented an approach to obtain a reversible colorimetric response to a pH change through structural modifications on the monomer and extended photopolymerization time.

Atmospheric-Pressure Mass Spectrometry by Single-Mode Nanoelectromechanical Systems.

Weighing particles above the megadalton mass range has been a persistent challenge in commercial mass spectrometry. Recently, nanoelectromechanical systems-based mass spectrometry (NEMS-MS) has shown remarkable performance in this mass range, especially with the advance of performing mass spectrometry under entirely atmospheric conditions. This advance reduces the overall complexity and cost while increasing the limit of detection.

Detergent Dissolution Intensification via Energy-Efficient Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactors.

In this study, we explored the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for use in dissolution of liquid and powder detergents. For this, microfluidic and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tube HC reactors with different configurations were employed, and the results from the reactors were compared with a magnetic stirrer, as well as a tergotometer. According to our results PEEK tube HC reactors present the best performance for dissolution of liquid and powder detergents.

Ultra-resilient multi-layer fluorinated diamond like carbon hydrophobic surfaces.

Seventy percent of global electricity is generated by steam-cycle power plants. A hydrophobic condenser surface within these plants could boost overall cycle efficiency by 2%. In 2022, this enhancement equates to an additional electrical power generation of 1000 TWh annually, or 83% of the global solar electricity production.

Comprehensive investigation of cucumber heat shock proteins under abiotic stress conditions: A multi-omics survey.

Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are a family of proteins essential in preserving the vitality and functionality of proteins under stress conditions. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely grown plant with high nutritional value and is used as a model organism in many studies. This study employed a genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approach to investigate cucumbers' Hsps against abiotic stress conditions.

Salt and drought stress-mitigating approaches in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to improve its performance and yield.

Although sugar beet is a salt- and drought-tolerant crop, high salinity, and water deprivation significantly reduce its yield and growth. Several reports have demonstrated stress tolerance enhancement through stress-mitigating strategies including the exogenous application of osmolytes or metabolites, nanoparticles, seed treatments, breeding salt/drought-tolerant varieties. These approaches would assist in achieving sustainable yields despite global climatic changes.

On the application of hydrodynamic cavitation on a chip in cellular injury and drug delivery.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a phase change phenomenon, where energy release in a fluid occurs upon the collapse of bubbles, which form due to the low local pressures. During recent years, due to advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies, HC-on-a-chip (HCOC) and its potential applications have attracted considerable interest. Microfluidic devices enable the performance of controlled experiments by enabling spatial control over the cavitation process and by precisely monitoring its evolution.

Binder-free cupric-ion containing zinc sulfide nanoplates-like structure for flexible energy storage devices.

Researchers have been enthusiastic about developing high-performance electrode materials based on metal chalcogenides for energy storage applications. Herein, we developed cupric ion-containing zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) nanoplates by using a solvothermal approach. The as-synthesized ZnS:Cu nanoplates electrode was characterized and analyzed by using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS.

Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy.

The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity.

Proteomic alterations in the cerebellum and hippocampus in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: Alleviating effect of palmatine.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases that lead to memory deficiencies, severe behavioral abnormalities, and ultimately death. The need for more appropriate treatment of AD continues, and remains a sought-after goal. Previous studies showed palmatine (PAL), an isoquinoline alkaloid, might have the potential for combating AD because of its in vitro and in vivo activities.

A feasibility study of different commercially available serum-free mediums to enhance lentivirus and adeno-associated virus production in HEK 293 suspension cells.

Unlabelled: Lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses are invaluable tools for biotechnology applications due to their genetic material delivery abilities both in vitro and in vivo. However, their large-scale productions with Good Manufacturing Practices yield low efficiency when adherent and serum dependent HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney) cells are used as the host. To increase production efficiency, HEK293 cells are adapted to grow in suspension using commercially available and chemically defined serum-free mediums.

New Nanofiber Composition for Multiscale Bubble Capture and Separation.

Bubble dynamics inside a liquid medium and its interactions with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces are crucial for many industrial processes. Electrospinning of polymers has emerged as a promising fabrication technique capable of producing a wide variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer nanofibers and membranes at a low cost. Thus, knowledge about the bubble interactions on electrospun hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanofibers can be utilized for capturing; separating; and transporting macro-, micro-, and nanobubbles.

Label-Free Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Cancer Detection.

Blood is a vital reservoir housing numerous disease-related metabolites and cellular components. Thus, it is also of interest for cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used for molecular detection due to its very high sensitivity and multiplexing properties.

Fabrication of magnetic helical microribbons made of nickel thin films sandwiched between silicon nitride layers for microswimming applications.

Helical swimming is adopted by microswimming robots since it is an efficient mechanism and commonly observed among microorganisms swimming at low Reynolds numbers. However, manufacturing of micro-helices made of sub-micron magnetic thin layers is neither straightforward nor well-established, advanced materials and methods are necessary to obtain such structures as reported in the literature. In this paper, a topological patterning method utilizing basic microfabrication methods is presented for the self-assembly of magnetic micro-helices made of a sandwiched nickel thin film (50-150 nm) between two silicon nitride layers.

Hydrodynamic Cavitation on a Chip: A Tool to Detect Circulating Tumor Cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Although various devices have been designed to detect, enumerate, and isolate CTCs from blood, some of these devices could have some drawbacks, such as the requirement of labeling, long process time, and high cost. Here, we present a microfluidic device based on the concept of "hydrodynamic cavitation-on-chip (HCOC)", which can detect CTCs in the order of minutes.

European Registry of Materials: global, unique identifiers for (undisclosed) nanomaterials.

Management of nanomaterials and nanosafety data needs to operate under the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles and this requires a unique, global identifier for each nanomaterial. Existing identifiers may not always be applicable or sufficient to definitively identify the specific nanomaterial used in a particular study, resulting in the use of textual descriptions in research project communications and reporting. To ensure that internal project documentation can later be linked to publicly released data and knowledge for the specific nanomaterials, or even to specific batches and variants of nanomaterials utilised in that project, a new identifier is proposed: the European Registry of Materials Identifier.

Ultrasound assisted chitosan coated iron oxide nanoparticles: Influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the crystallinity, stability, toxicity and magnetization of the functionalized nanoparticles.

Due to unique reaction conditions of the acoustic cavitation process, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles has attracted increased research attention. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the crystallinity, stability, biocompatibility, and magnetic properties of chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-SPIONs). CS solution and colloidal suspension of SPIONs were mixed and sonicated using an ultrasonic probe of 1.

Triblock Superabsorbent Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Water Retention Capacities and Rheological Characteristics.

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are useful polymers in a wide range of application fields ranging from the hygiene industry to construction and agriculture. As versatility and high water absorption capacity are their important merits, SAPs usually suffer from low water retention capacity (fast release) and weak mechanical properties. To address these drawbacks, a set of new superabsorbent polymer-Halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites was synthesized via free radical polymerization of acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, and acrylic acid in the presence of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as the crosslinker.

Tumor-derived CTF1 (cardiotrophin 1) is a critical mediator of stroma-assisted and autophagy-dependent breast cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular stress response mechanism. Autophagy induction in the tumor microenvironment (stroma) has been shown to support tumor metabolism. However, cancer cell-derived secreted factors that initiate communication with surrounding cells and stimulate autophagy in the tumor microenvironment are not fully documented.

Development of a SERS based cancer diagnosis approach employing cryosectioned thyroid tissue samples on PDMS.

An efficient SERS based novel analytical approach named Cryosectioned-PDMS was developed systematically and evaluated applying on 64 thyroid biopsy samples. To utilize thyroid biopsy samples, a 20-μl volume of h-AgNPs suspension was dropped on a 5-μm thick cryosectioned biopsy specimen placed on the PDMS coated glass slide. The SERS spectra from a 10 × 10 points array acquired by mapping 22.

Dendrimers as nanoscale vectors: Unlocking the bars of cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is the first choice in the treatment of cancer and is always preferred to other approaches such as radiation and surgery, but it has never met the need of patients for a safe and effective drug. Therefore, new advances in cancer treatment are now needed to reduce the side effects and burdens associated with chemotherapy for cancer patients. Targeted treatment using nanotechnology are now being actively explored as they could effectively deliver therapeutic agents to tumor cells without affecting normal cells.

Stimuli-responsive theranostic system: A promising approach for augmented multimodal imaging and efficient drug release.

Destruction of drug resistant and invisible micro-tumors requires innovative screening and treatment modalities. Theranostic nanosystems offering multimodal imaging and therapy are attractive platforms with potential to make micro-tumors visible to clinicians. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are intrinsic theranostic agents and act as fluorescence quenchers.

Discrimination of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Cellular energy required for the maintenance of cellular life is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Understanding cellular mechanisms, including ATP-dependent metabolisms, is crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment, including drug development and investigation of new therapeutic systems. As an ATP-dependent metabolism, endocytosis plays a key role not only in the internalization of molecules but also in processes including cell growth, differentiation, and signaling.

Fundamentals, biomedical applications and future potential of micro-scale cavitation-a review.

Thanks to the developments in the area of microfluidics, the cavitation-on-a-chip concept enabled researchers to control and closely monitor the cavitation phenomenon in micro-scale. In contrast to conventional scale, where cavitation bubbles are hard to be steered and manipulated, lab-on-a-chip devices provide suitable platforms to conduct smart experiments and design reliable devices to carefully harness the collapse energy of cavitation bubbles in different bio-related and industrial applications. However, bubble behavior deviates to some extent when confined to micro-scale geometries in comparison to macro-scale.