Prognostic Value of Hospital Frailty Risk Score and Clinical Outcomes in Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia and End-Stage Kidney Disease.

Background: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is commonly associated with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and frailty. Yet there are no specific tools to predict outcomes of CLTI in ESKD, particularly those that incorporate frailty. We aimed to assess the utility of the medical record-based Hospital Frailty Risk (HFR) score in predicting outcomes of CLTI in ESKD.

Mapping Out Remediation: An Actionable Roadmap to Support Trainees Through Remediation.

Objective: The goal of graduate medical education is for trainees to develop the competence needed to practice independently; however, some residents struggle to achieve competency and require remediation. Evidence around how to best facilitate remediation is lacking. The objective of this study was to understand best practices for remediation in pediatrics.

Hand Compartment Syndrome After Prolonged Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Rectal Resection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hand compartment syndrome is a rare condition due to trauma and vascular obstruction or injury, such as fluid extravasation, vascular obstruction, or arterial injury from arterial line insertion during anesthesia. However, perioperative hand compartment syndrome with no apparent preexisting cause during anesthesia that requires fasciotomy is extremely rare. We report a case on a 54-year-old male with history significant for stage IIIA moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum who was scheduled for ultralow rectal resection and cystourethroscopy with insertion of urethral stent.

Going beyond competencies: Building blocks for a patient- and population-centered medical curriculum.

Introduction: Changing health care requires changing medical education. In this position paper it is suggested that subsequent innovations in medical education each had their specific strengths and shortcomings. What they have, however, in common is that they place the medical student and their competencies at their center.

Older Adults Benefit From Virtual Support for Continuous Glucose Monitor Use But Require Longer Visits.

Background: Older adults may be less comfortable with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology or require additional education to support use. The Virtual Diabetes Specialty Clinic study provided the opportunity to understand glycemic outcomes and support needed for older versus younger adults living with diabetes and using CGM.

Methods: Prospective, virtual study of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D, N = 160) or type 2 diabetes (T2D, N = 74) using basal-bolus insulin injections or insulin pump therapy.

Integration across biophysical scales identifies molecular and cellular correlates of person-to-person variability in human brain connectivity.

Brain connectivity arises from interactions across biophysical scales, ranging from molecular to cellular to anatomical to network level. To date, there has been little progress toward integrated analysis across these scales. To bridge this gap, from a unique cohort of 98 individuals, we collected antemortem neuroimaging and genetic data, as well as postmortem dendritic spine morphometric, proteomic and gene expression data from the superior frontal and inferior temporal gyri.

Laryngectomy Margin Assessment: A Little Help From a Template.

Laryngectomy margin assessment is an important part of patient care and can affect outcomes. There is no standard approach to grossing laryngectomy specimens, with variations in the published guidelines. A uniform approach to margin assessment may be helpful to improve patient care and future research.

A phase 3 adaptive dose selection trial of NCX 470, a nitric oxide-donating bimatoprost for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: The MONT BLANC study.

Purpose: To identify the optimal dose of NCX 470, a nitric oxide (NO)-donating bimatoprost, for comparison to latanoprost in a phase 3 trial for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHTN) using an adaptive dose selection design.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective, multicenter trial, subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to NCX 470 0.065 %, NCX 470 0.

Vaccinations in older adults: Optimization, strategies, and latest guidelines.

This article is a summary of the first AGS Symposium entitled "Update on Vaccination Strategies for Older Adults: Matching the Approach to the Individual and the Care Setting." Given declines in host defenses and immune function with aging, vaccinations play a pivotal role in fortifying older adults against preventable infections, resulting diseases, disability, and death. Current guidelines generally list recommendations applicable for an average older adult of a given chronological age.

Contemporary prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease in a regional perinatal center lacking onsite pediatric cardiac surgery: obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objectives: Determine obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in neonates with major CHD delivered at a level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICU) center lacking onsite pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods: A 10- year retrospective review of all neonates admitted to our level IV NICU, with CHD between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2021. Births and NICU charts were cross queried with those from our perinatal center which include pediatric cardiology records.

Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during a decompressive hemicraniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury: illustrative case.

Background: Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) can be a life-saving treatment for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a focal mass lesion who develop refractory elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Nonetheless, successful completion of this procedure requires maintaining hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in patients with respiratory or cardiac failure is well described in the literature and has become routinely used in patients with refractory hypoxia unresponsive to traditional mechanical ventilation strategies, but few cases of its use have been reported in the neurosurgical literature.

Perceptions of Lactation Experience Among Neurology Faculty and Impact of Lactation Time on Academic Achievement at U.S. Academic Medical Centers.

To investigate the perceptions of lactation experiences of neurology faculty and the impact of lactation time on academic achievement. This was a cross-sectional study utilizing a survey administered across 19 academic neurology centers in the United States. Respondents self-identified as having children and answered questions about lactation at work.

Sociodemographic and Mental Health Factors Associated with Obesity in Resettled Refugees in Syracuse, New York.

Introduction: Resettled refugees have been exposed to stressful and life-threatening events preresettlement and are among the most marginalized and vulnerable groups in society. Postresettlement, they face challenges when assimilating to an unfamiliar host country, which renders them vulnerable to adverse health outcomes including obesity, a major public health burden. This study was conducted to examine the association of mental health and sociodemographic factors, including language proficiency and educational attainment, with obesity in first-generation resettled refugees.

Oxytocin in neurodevelopmental disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and Prader-Willi syndrome.

This manuscript reviews recent work on oxytocin and its use in neurodevelopmental disorders including spectrum disorder (ASD) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Oxytocin is involved in social recognition, bonding, maternal behaviors, anxiety, food motivation, and hyperphagia. While the pathophysiology of ASD and PWS involve abnormalities in the oxytocin system, clinical trials have shown discrepant results in the effectiveness of oxytocin as a treatment for core symptoms associated with these disorders.

Silent Damage by Micro-aspirations: Untangling the Connection of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Achalasia With Interstitial Lung Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently triggers respiratory conditions such as asthma and pneumonia. Inflammation occurs as a result of aspirated material, leading to symptoms such as cough, sputum production, chest discomfort from the involvement of the lower respiratory tract, and voice hoarseness owing to the involvement of the larynx. Repeated exposure to irritants can lead to fibrosis in the lungs.

Racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and 11-year dementia risk among older adults in the United States.

Aims: Social isolation has been implicated in the development of cognitive impairment, but research on this association remains limited among racial-ethnic minoritized populations. Our study examined the interplay between social isolation, race-ethnicity and dementia.

Methods: We analyzed 11 years (2011-2021) of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data, a prospective nationally representative cohort of U.

Regulating the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the retina.

We summarize recent findings in different animal models regarding the different cell-signaling pathways and gene networks that influence the reprogramming of Müller glia into proliferating, neurogenic progenitor cells in the retina. Not surprisingly, most of the cell-signaling pathways that guide the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic retinal progenitors also influence the ability of Müller glia to become proliferating Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs). Further, the neuronal differentiation of MGPC progeny is potently inhibited by networks of neurogenesis-suppressing genes in chick and mouse models but occurs freely in zebrafish.

Prognostic Factors in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of CALGB 30610-RTOG 0538.

Importance: The impact of patient-specific, disease-related, and social factors on outcomes in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is not well defined. A post hoc secondary analysis of such factors from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30610-Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0538 trial may impact future trial design.

Objective: To assess the comprehensive demographic, disease-related, treatment-related, and social factors for potential associations with survival outcomes and understand whether specific subpopulations may benefit from radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation in LS-SCLC.

ATN blood biomarkers are related to digital cognitive assessment in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Associations between amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) plasma biomarkers and cognition have not been characterized in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Using data from participants in the Glycemic Variability and Fluctuations in Cognitive Status in Adults with T1D (GluCog) study ( = 114), we evaluated associations between phosphorylated tau (pTau)181, pTau217, β-amyloid 42/40 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) and self-administered digital cognitive tests, adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidities (e.g.

Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Hearing Loss and Hearing Intervention in Older US Adults.

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing assistance device use among older adults in the United States, and assess for associations with select social determinants of health (SDOH).

Study Design: Cross-sectional US population-based study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) data.

Setting: Non-institutionalized civilian adult US population.