Fc-FcγRI Complexes: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Shed Light on Ectodomain D3's Potential Role in IgG Binding.

FcγRI plays a crucial role in the effector function of IgG antibodies, interacting with the lower hinge region of IgG1 with nanomolar affinity. Binding occurs specifically in domain 2 (D2) of the FcγRI ectodomain, while domain 3 (D3) is a flexible linker. The D3 domain is positioned away from the IgG binding site on the FcγRI and does not directly contact the Fc region.

Design of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(ethylene glycol) microneedle arrays for delivering glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by cartilage and bone degradation. Medical therapies like glucosaminoglycan (GAG), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) aim to preserve joint function and reduce inflammation but may cause side effects when administered orally or injection. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) offer a localized drug delivery method that reduces side effects.

AuAgCu trimetallic nanoparticles based alloy: an advanced electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media.

Hydrogen production cost-effective electrochemical water splitting is one of the most promising approaches to confront the energy crisis and to obtain clean fuels with high energy density. To address this concern, herein, we developed a simple one-step synthesis method for creating an AuAgCu trimetallic alloy using aspirin as a capping agent. This alloy shows potential for efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Biosensors for detection of airborne pathogenic fungal spores: a review.

The excessive presence of airborne fungal spores presents major concerns with potential adverse impacts on public health and food safety. These spores are recognized as pathogens and allergens prevalent in both outdoor and indoor environments, particularly in public spaces such as hospitals, schools, offices and hotels. Indoor environments pose a heightened risk of pulmonary diseases due to continuous exposure to airborne fungal spore particles through constant inhalation, especially in those individuals with weakened immunity and immunocompromised conditions.

A NiO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor functionalized with supramolecular structures for the ultra-sensitive detection of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol S in an aquatic environment.

Herein, NiO nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with a -hexanitrocalix[6]arene derivative (-HNC6/NiO) were synthesized by using a facile method and applied as a selective electrochemical sensor for the determination of bisphenol S (BPS) in real samples. Moreover, the functional interactions, phase purities, surface morphologies and elemental compositions of the synthesized -HNC6/NiO NPs were investigated advanced analytical tools, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Additionally, the synthesized -HNC6/NiO NPs were cast on the surface of a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) a drop casting method, which resulted in uniform deposition of -HNC6/NiO/GCE over the surface of the GCE.

V-MXenes for Energy Storage/Conversion Applications.

MXenes, a two-dimensional (2D) material, exhibit excellent optical, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. Titanium-based MXene (Ti-MXene) has been extensively studied and serves as the foundation for 2D MXenes. However, other transition metals possess the potential to offer excellent properties in various applications.

Artificial intelligence assisted patient blood and urine droplet pattern analysis for non-invasive and accurate diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancer types in the urinary system. Yet, current bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up techniques are time-consuming, expensive, and invasive. In the clinical practice, the gold standard for diagnosis remains invasive biopsy followed by histopathological analysis.

Role of autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblast activation, signaling and metabolic reprograming.

Tumors not only consist of cancerous cells, but they also harbor several normal-like cell types and non-cellular components. cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of these cellular components that are found predominantly in the tumor stroma. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and quality control mechanism, and recent studies provided evidence that autophagy played a critical role in CAF formation, metabolic reprograming and tumor-stroma crosstalk.

Examination of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation patients by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is observed in humans as a result of the alteration of annulus fibrous (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue compositions in intervertebral discs. In this study, we studied the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in characterizing the herniated segments of AF and NP tissues from male and female patients. SAM determined the acoustic property variations in AF and NP tissues by calculating the acoustic impedance values of samples of 15 patients.

Mo-based MXenes: Synthesis, properties, and applications.

Ti-MXene allows a range of possibilities to tune their compositional stoichiometry due to their electronic and electrochemical properties. Other than conventionally explored Ti-MXene, there have been ample opportunities for the non-Ti-based MXenes, especially the emerging Mo-based MXenes. Mo-MXenes are established to be remarkable with optoelectronic and electrochemical properties, tuned energy, catalysis, and sensing applications.

Synthesis of PVP-capped trimetallic nanoparticles and their efficient catalytic degradation of organic dyes.

The study proposes a simple and efficient way to synthesize a heterogeneous catalyst that can be used for the degradation of organic dyes. A simple and fast chemical process was employed to synthesize Au: Ni: Co tri-metal nanohybrid structures, which were used as a catalyst to eliminate toxic organic dye contamination from wastewater in textile industries. The catalyst's performance was tested by degrading individual dyes as well as mixtures of dyes such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR), and Rose Bengal (RB) at various time intervals.

Repurposing Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI, CD64) for site-oriented monoclonal antibody capture: A proof-of-concept study for real-time detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF -α).

The controlled orientation of biomolecules on the sensor surface is crucial for achieving high sensitivity and accurate detection of target molecules in biosensing. FcγRI is an immune cell surface receptor for recognizing IgG-coated targets, such as opsonized pathogens or immune complexes. It plays a crucial role in T cell activation and internalization of the cargos, leading downstream signaling cascades.

Semiconductor quantum dots in photoelectrochemical sensors from fabrication to biosensing applications.

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a promising class of nanomaterials for developing new photoelectrodes and photoelectrochemistry systems for energy storage, transfer, and biosensing applications. These materials have unique electronic and photophysical properties and can be used as optical nanoprobes in displays, biosensors, imaging, optoelectronics, energy storage and energy harvesting. Researchers have recently been exploring the use of QDs in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, which involve exciting a QD-interfaced photoactive material with a flashlight source and generating a photoelectrical current as an output signal.

Graphene-interfaced flexible and stretchable micro-nano electrodes: from fabrication to sweat glucose detection.

Flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices have received tremendous attention for their non-invasive and personal health monitoring applications. These devices have been fabricated by integrating flexible substrates and graphene nanostructures for non-invasive detection of physiological risk biomarkers from human bodily fluids, such as sweat, and monitoring of human physical motion tracking parameters. The extraordinary properties of graphene nanostructures in fully integrated wearable devices have enabled improved sensitivity, electronic readouts, signal conditioning and communication, energy harvesting from power sources through electrode design and patterning, and graphene surface modification or treatment.

Electrophoretic Fabrication of ZnO/CuO and ZnO/CuO/rGO Heterostructures-based Thin Films as Environmental Benign Flexible Electrode for Supercapacitor.

Sustainable fabrication of flexible hybrid supercapacitor electrodes is extensively investigated during the current era to solve global energy problems. Herein, we used a cost-effective and efficient electrophoretic deposition (EPD) approach to fabricate a hybrid supercapacitor electrode. ZnO/CuO and ZnO/CuO/rGO heterostructure were prepared by sol-gel synthesis route and were electrophoretically deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate as a thin uniform layer using 1 V for 20 min at 50 mV/s.

Characterization of FcγRIa (CD64) as a Ligand Molecule for Site-Specific IgG1 Capture: A Side-By-Side Comparison with Protein A.

Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) are one of the structures that can initiate effector function for monoclonal antibodies. FcγRIa has the highest affinity toward IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies among all FcγRs. In this study, a comprehensive characterization was performed for FcγRIa as a potential affinity ligand for IgG1-type monoclonal antibody binding.

Novel protein complexes containing autophagy and UPS components regulate proteasome-dependent PARK2 recruitment onto mitochondria and PARK2-PARK6 activity during mitophagy.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic cellular mechanism through which cytosolic fragments, misfolded/aggregated proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled. Priming of mitochondria through ubiquitylation is required for the clearance the organelle by autophagy (mitophagy). Familial Parkinson's Disease-related proteins, including the E3-ligase PARK2 (PARKIN) and the serine/threonine kinase PARK6 (PINK1) control these ubiquitylation reactions and contribute to the regulation of mitophagy.

Structural and Functional Analysis of CEX Fractions Collected from a Novel Avastin Biosimilar Candidate and Its Innovator: A Comparative Study.

Avastin is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer by targeting VEGF-A to inhibit angiogenesis. SIMAB054, an Avastin biosimilar candidate developed in this study, showed a different charge variant profile than its innovator. Thus, it is fractionated into acidic, main, and basic isoforms and collected physically by Cation Exchange Chromatography (CEX) for a comprehensive structural and functional analysis.

Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry of Single Viruses and Nanoparticles by Nanoelectromechanical Systems.

Mass spectrometry of intact nanoparticles and viruses can serve as a potent characterization tool for material science and biophysics. Inaccessible by widespread commercial techniques, the mass of single nanoparticles and viruses (>10MDa) can be readily measured by nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)-based mass spectrometry, where charged and isolated analyte particles are generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) in air and transported onto the NEMS resonator for capture and detection. However, the applicability of NEMS as a practical solution is hindered by their miniscule surface area, which results in poor limit-of-detection and low capture efficiency values.

A novel ATG5 interaction with Ku70 potentiates DNA repair upon genotoxic stress.

The maintenance of cellular homeostasis in living organisms requires a balance between anabolic and catabolic reactions. Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is determined as one of the major catabolic reactions. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved stress response pathway that is activated by various insults including DNA damage.

Graphene and carbon nanotubes interfaced electrochemical nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other respiratory viral infections: A review.

Recent COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives due to lack of a rapid diagnostic tool. Global scientific community is now making joint efforts on developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for early detection of viral infections to preventing future outbreaks. Conventional diagnostic methods for virus detection are expensive and time consuming.

Crosstalk between autophagy and DNA repair systems.

Autophagy and DNA repair are two essential biological mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis. Impairment of these mechanisms was associated with several pathologies such as premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Intrinsic or extrinsic stress stimuli (e.

Transcriptional landscape of cellular networks reveal interactions driving the dormancy mechanisms in cancer.

Primary cancer cells exert unique capacity to disseminate and nestle in distant organs. Once seeded in secondary sites, cancer cells may enter a dormant state, becoming resistant to current treatment approaches, and they remain silent until they reactivate and cause overt metastases. To illuminate the complex mechanisms of cancer dormancy, 10 transcriptomic datasets from the literature enabling 21 dormancy-cancer comparisons were mapped on protein-protein interaction networks and gene-regulatory networks to extract subnetworks that are enriched in significantly deregulated genes.

Cadmium-Free and Efficient Type-II InP/ZnO/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Application for LEDs.

It is a generally accepted perspective that type-II nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have low quantum yield due to the separation of the electron and hole wavefunctions. Recently, high quantum yield levels were reported for cadmium-based type-II QDs. Hence, the quest for finding non-toxic and efficient type-II QDs is continuing.

Effect of Agitation and Aeration on Keratinase Production in Bioreactors Using Bioprocess Engineering Aspects.

Streptomyces sp. 2M21 was evaluated for keratinase production in bioreactors using chicken feathers. Firstly, optimization of bioengineering parameters (agitation and aeration rates) using Response Surface Methodology was carried out in 2 L bioreactors.