Statistical shape modelling for the analysis of head shape variations.

The aim of this study is, firstly, to create a population-based 3D head shape model for the 0 to 2-year-old subjects to describe head shape variability within a normal population and, secondly, to test a combined normal and sagittal craniosynostosis (SAG) population model, able to provide surgical outcome assessment. 3D head shapes of patients affected by non-cranial related pathologies and of SAG patients (pre- and post-op) were extracted either from head CTs or 3D stereophotography scans, and processed. Statistical shape modelling (SSM) was used to describe shape variability using two models - a normal population model (MODEL1) and a combined normal and SAG population model (MODEL2).

Cervical Injury Outcomes among Older Adults Admitted to an Inpatient Trauma Service.

Objective: Older adults are an increasing proportion of patients admitted to trauma services. Trauma in older adults' results from many mechanisms of injury with the distribution of mechanisms of injury among older adults different than those of younger adults. The acute management of these injuries may determine the patients' ability to return to independent living.

A Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Setting of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is becoming a more prevalent treatment for medial-compartment arthritis. Traditionally, a competent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is required to achieve satisfactory results. This leads to the question of treatment for medial-compartment arthritis in the setting of an incompetent ACL.

Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2021 Update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management.

Overview: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in extra-cutaneous organs.

Diagnosis: The major criterion is presence of multifocal clusters of spindled MC in the bone marrow. Minor diagnostic criteria include elevated serum tryptase level, abnormal MC CD25 expression, and presence of KITD816V mutation.

The influence of adult hip shape genetic variants on adolescent hip shape: Findings from a population-based DXA study.

Objective: Hip shape is a well-recognized risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and hip fracture. We aimed to investigate whether the genetic variants known to be associated with adult hip shape were also associated with adolescent hip shape.

Methods: Hip DXA scans, obtained in offspring from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) at two time points (mean ages 13.

Predicting the Premorbid Shape of a Diseased Mandible.

Objectives/hypothesis: Virtual surgical planning (VSP) for reconstructions of advanced mandibular neoplasms that have distorted the contour of the mandible is challenging, as the premorbid shape of the mandible is unknown. We introduce a novel modeling technique, based on a statistical shape model (SSM), that has learned the shape of a normal mandible from a set of 84 mandibles, such that given a diseased mandible, the model can determine its premorbid shape.

Methods: Eighty-four control mandibles were used to generate an SSM.

Machine-learning, MRI bone shape and important clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) structural status is imperfectly classified using radiographic assessment. Statistical shape modelling (SSM), a form of machine-learning, provides precise quantification of a characteristic 3D OA bone shape. We aimed to determine the benefits of this novel measure of OA status for assessing risks of clinically important outcomes.

Morphological analysis of Gissane's angle utilising a statistical shape model of the calcaneus.

Introduction: Gissane's crucial angle (GA) facilitates to diagnose calcaneal fractures, and serves as an indicator of the quality of anatomical reduction after fixation. The study aimed to utilise statistical shape models (SSM) for analysing the complex 3D surface anatomy of the calcaneus represented by the simplified GA measurement on lateral radiographs.

Materials And Methods: SSMs were generated from CT scans of paired adult calcanei from 10 Japanese and 31 Thai specimens.

Systematic review of the treatment of acromioclavicular joint disruption comparing number of tunnels and graft type.

Background: The management of high-grade acromioclavicular separations remains unclear. The surgical interventions have shifted to more anatomic, less invasive techniques. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the outcomes and complications of anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using a tendon graft.

Radiofrequency ablation vs microwave ablation for osteoid osteomas: long-term results.

Objective: Osteoid osteomas are benign bone tumors commonly treated using thermal ablation. We compare the technical success, complication rates, and long-term efficacy of the two most common ablation types: radiofrequency and microwave.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed of all osteoid osteoma ablation procedures between 2007 and 2017.

Subregional statistical shape modelling identifies lesser trochanter size as a possible risk factor for radiographic hip osteoarthritis, a cross-sectional analysis from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.

Objective: Statistical shape modelling (SSM) of hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans has identified relationships between hip shape and radiographic hip OA (rHOA). We aimed to further elucidate shape characteristics related to rHOA by focusing on subregions identified from whole-hip shape models.

Method: SSM was applied to hip DXAs obtained in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.

Dyslipidemia at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

As survival of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exceeds 90%, limiting therapy-related toxicity has become a key challenge. Cardio-metabolic dysfunction is a challenge during and after childhood ALL therapy. In a single center study, we measured triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) levels at diagnosis and assessed the association with BMI, early therapy response, on-therapy hyperlipidemia and the toxicities; thromboembolism, osteonecrosis and pancreatitis.

Clinical features and survival of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis defined by the updated WHO classification.

Background: In indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM), several risk factors of disease progression have been identified. Previous studies, performed with limited patient numbers, have also shown that the clinical course in ISM is stable and comparable to that of cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). The aim of this project was to compare the prognosis of patients with ISM with that of patients with CM.

Best methods and data to reconstruct paediatric lower limb bones for musculoskeletal modelling.

In biomechanical simulations, generic linearly scaled musculoskeletal anatomies are commonly used to represent children, often neglecting or oversimplifying subject-specific features that may affect model estimates. Inappropriate bone sizing may influence joint angles due to erroneous joint centre identification. Alternatively, subject-specific image-based musculoskeletal models allow for more realistic representations of the skeletal system.

Response to the commentary "to the bone".

•Presenting process data - even in the absence of outcome data - supports a timely understanding of new, complex programs.•Seminal frameworks guided this research, but our emphasis on moderators was guided by data rather than frameworks.•Complexity here refers to a gap between what seemed feasible (early on) vs.

To the bone: Comment on "I wanted a skeleton … they brought a prince": A qualitative investigation of factors mediating the implementation of a Performance Based Incentive program in Malawi.

Recently, McMahon and colleagues set out to build on a widely-used fidelity framework, assessing the role of moderating factors during the implementation of performance-based financing programs in Malawi. Their attempt draws again the attention to the importance of approaching real word implementation issues from a theoretical perspective. It also highlights the importance of fidelity assessment within process evaluation of health programs.

2019 Chitranjan S. Ranawat Award: Elective joint arthroplasty outcomes improve in malnourished patients with nutritional intervention: a prospective population analysis demonstrates a modifiable risk factor.

Aims: To date, no study has demonstrated an improvement in postoperative outcomes following elective joint arthroplasty with a focus on nutritional intervention for patients with preoperative hypoalbuminaemia. In this prospective study, we evaluated differences in the hospital length of stay (LOS), rate of re-admission, and total patient charges for a malnourished patient study population who received a specific nutrition protocol before surgery.

Patients And Methods: An analytical report was extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR; Epic, Verona, Wisconsin) of a five-hospital network joint arthroplasty patient data set between 2014 and 2017.

Prognostic Differences in Patients with Solitary and Multiple Spinal Metastases.

Objectives: To investigate the association between the number of metastases to the spine and survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), as well as the prognosis difference between patients with solitary spinal metastasis (SSM) and multiple spinal metastases (MSM).

Methods: Three institutional databases were searched to identify all patients who had undergone spinal surgery for metastatic spinal tumors between March 2002 and June 2010. As well as age and gender, preoperative medical conditions were collected from medical records, including primary tumor, preoperative Frankel score, other bone metastases, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS), number of involved vertebrae, pathological fracture metastasis site, serum albumin, sphincter dysfunction and the time of developing motor deficits before surgery.

Outcomes of processing of bone marrow harvests for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients utilizing a novel red blood cell sedimentation kit.

Background: Bone marrow (BM) grafts are often subject to manipulation to minimize infusion volume, to deplete red blood cells (RBCs), to deplete plasma, and/or to achieve optimal concentration of nucleated cells (NCs) for freezing. Here, we report results of processing and infusion of four major ABO-incompatible BM grafts for allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation in pediatric patients.

Cases And Methods: Patients ranging in age from 5 months to 18 years received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for benign or malignant indications.

Bone marrow involvement in sarcoidosis: an elusive extrapulmonary manifestation.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease with various extrapulmonary manifestations. We describe a 51-year-old African American woman with a history of cutaneous sarcoidosis admitted with bicytopenia. Suspicion for systemic sarcoidosis was established after contrast-enhanced computerized tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed a pulmonary nodule, diffuse lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly.

Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Are Essential Components of the Subcapsular Sinus Macrophage Niche.

In lymph nodes, subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) form an immunological barrier that monitors lymph drained from peripheral tissues. Upon infection, SSMs activate B and natural killer T (NKT) cells while secreting inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the mechanisms regulating development and homeostasis of SSMs.

Reactive mechanism and the applications of bioactive prebiotics for human health: Review.

Prebiotics plays an important role in improving the growth of gut bacteria and it majorly found in various natural food sources such as fruits and vegetables. Nowadays, the prebiotic sources are added as a supplement in various food products such as dairy products, beverages, health drinks, infant formulae, and meat products. The presence of prebiotics provides various health benefits such as improveing calcium and magnesium absorption, increases bone density, reduces cancer risk, decreases cardiovascular diseases and also improves the immune system.