Comparative Study Between Conventional Curettage Adenoidectomy Versus Endoscopic Microdebrider Assisted Adenoidectomy: Our Experience.

Adenoidectomy is one of the commonest surgical procedures performed by otolaryngologists however; its recurrence rates are very high. Our objective in this study was to compare safety and efficacy between conventional curettage and endoscopic assisted microdebrider adenoidectomy. This was a prospective comparative parallel randomized control trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April 2017 to December 2018.

Inflammatory monocyte gene signature predicts beneficial within group effect of simvastatin in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Immune dysregulation has been reported in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In the past decade, several trials using anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of SSD have been completed, with so far limited success. One such anti-inflammatory agent used is simvastatin.

Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature.

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare tumor that was defined as a separate entity in the 2016 World Health Organization classification of brain tumors. It is most common in the pediatric age group. The diagnosis of this tumor can be made preoperatively by its characteristic imaging findings of diffuse intracranial and intraspinal nodular leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement associated with small cyst-like nonenhancing lesions in the brain and spinal cord.

Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks fifth amongst the most common malignancies and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Artificial Intelligence is a rapidly growing field of interest. Following the PRISMA reporting guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to retrieve articles reporting the application of AI in HCC detection and characterization.

Emphysematous Cystitis: A Fatal Complication of Uncontrolled Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare type of complicated urinary tract infection mostly seen in elderly females with diabetes, characterized by gas within the bladder lumen and wall. The presenting symptoms are variable, ranging from no symptoms to severe sepsis. The commonly isolated organisms in urine cultures are and .

Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Presented As Urinary Tract Obstruction.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) or Ormond's disease is a very uncommon fibro-inflammatory disease, under the umbrella of systemic autoimmune diseases. The majority of cases are idiopathic, known as idiopathic RPF (IRPF); however, diseases secondary to other causes are also seen in clinical practice. The commonest presenting features are seen due to the effects of fibrous tissue around iliac vessels, aorta and ureters, where compression of ureters is the major and most common complication.

Mucormycosis, Diabetes and COVID-19 Pneumonia: Unleashing the Facts.

Background Mucormycosis (MM) is an angioinvasive locally destructive fungal infection. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was associated with diabetes (particularly diabetic ketoacidosis), immunosuppressive drugs and trauma. Among its various forms, cerebral invasion is considered to be highly fatal even if with long-term treatment.

The time is now: Achieving FH paediatric screening across Europe - The Prague Declaration.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol and if left untreated leads to premature cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks. Treatment that begins early in life, particularly in childhood, is highly efficacious in preventing cardiovascular disease and cost-effective, thus early detection of FH is crucial. However, in Europe, less than 10% of people living with FH are diagnosed and even less receive life-saving treatment.

Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age.

Background: The safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine in young children are unknown.

Methods: Part 1 of this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 was an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of the selected dose. In part 2, we randomly assigned young children (6 months to 5 years of age) in a 3:1 ratio to receive two 25-μg injections of mRNA-1273 or placebo, administered 28 days apart.

Enhancing Clinical Diagnosis for Patients With Persistent Pulmonary Abnormalities After COVID-19 Infection: The Potential Benefit of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT.

Patients And Methods: Six post COVID-19 patients suspected for pulmonary fibrosis were scheduled for dual-tracer PET/CT with 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-46. The uptake of 68 Ga-FAPI-46 in the involved lung was compared with a control group of 9 non-COVID-19 patients. Clinical data and PET/CT imaging were collected and analyzed.

Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Rare Case Report.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare sporadic neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by angiomas involving the face, eyes, and brain (leptomeninges). Classical port-wine stains are seen in the ophthalmic and maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The most common presenting feature is seizures, the onset of which ranges from birth to late adulthood.

Ensembles of endothelial and mural cells promote angiogenesis in prenatal human brain.

Interactions between angiogenesis and neurogenesis regulate embryonic brain development. However, a comprehensive understanding of the stages of vascular cell maturation is lacking, especially in the prenatal human brain. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, single-cell transcriptomics, and histological and ultrastructural analyses, we show that an ensemble of endothelial and mural cell subtypes tile the brain vasculature during the second trimester.

The joint Orthoplastic management of an Achilles tendon avulsion: A rare case report.

Rupture of the Achilles tendon typically occurs at the mid-substance, and less commonly at the distal insertion or proximal musculotendinous junction. We report the case of a 60-year-old multi-morbid patient presenting with an avulsion of the Achilles tendon from the gastrocnemius-soleus complex - a variant of injury previously unrecorded in the literature. Initial Orthoplastic management involved debridement and primary fixation of the avulsed tendon to the muscle with a concurrent lateral rotational flap.

Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior to sodium stibogluconate plus paromomycin (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa.

Methods: An open-label, phase 3, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in adult and pediatric patients at 7 sites in eastern Africa. Patients were randomly assigned to either 20 mg/kg paromomycin plus allometric dose of miltefosine (14 days), or 20 mg/kg sodium stibogluconate plus 15 mg/kg paromomycin (17 days).

Impact of the interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery on surgical-pathological outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The interval between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well characterized. This study investigated the association between the time-to-surgery (TTS) interval and surgical-pathological outcomes.

Method: Clinical data of patients who received neoadjuvant immun-ochemotherapy followed by surgery for NSCLC between January 2019 and September 2021 were collected.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Combined Intralesional Sodium Stibogluconate Plus Topical Imiquimod on Healing and Risk of Scarring of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Case-Control Study.

Background: A combination treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) that hastens the healing and reduces the chance of scarring, especially in aesthetically receptive sites, is required.

Objectives: To evaluate if a combination of intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) injection and topical imiquimod 5% cream (IMI) accelerates healing and improves the quality of scars from CL.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah, southern Iraq from 2017 to 2019 on a cohort of patients with CL.

Cholesterol not particle concentration mediates the atherogenic risk conferred by apolipoprotein B particles: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Aims: The causal contribution of apolipoprotein B (apoB) particles to coronary artery disease (CAD) is established. We examined whether this atherogenic contribution is better reflected by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) or apoB particle concentration.

Method And Results: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using 235 variants as genetic instruments; testing the relationship between their effects on the exposures, non-HDL-C and apoB, and on the outcome CAD using weighted regression.

Minimally invasive vs. open segmental resection of the splenic flexure for cancer: a nationwide study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology-Colorectal Cancer Network (SICO-CNN).

Background: Evidence on the efficacy of minimally invasive (MI) segmental resection of splenic flexure cancer (SFC) is not available, mostly due to the rarity of this tumor. This study aimed to determine the survival outcomes of MI and open treatment, and to investigate whether MI is noninferior to open procedure regarding short-term outcomes.

Methods: This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all consecutive SFC segmental resections performed in 30 referral centers between 2006 and 2016.

Effectiveness of intralesional sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis at Boru Meda general hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia: Pragmatic trial.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is generally caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia, and is relatively hard to treat. Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is the only routinely and widely available antileishmanial treatment, and can be used systemically for severe lesions and locally for smaller lesions. There is limited data on the effectiveness of intralesional (IL) SSG for localized CL in Ethiopia and therefore good data is necessary to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of the treatment.

Paediatric familial hypercholesterolaemia screening in Europe: public policy background and recommendations.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is under-recognized and under-treated in Europe leading to significantly higher risk for premature heart disease in those affected. As treatment beginning early in life is highly effective in preventing heart disease and cost-effective in these patients, screening for FH is crucial. It has therefore now been recognized by the European Commission Public Health Best Practice Portal as an effective strategy.

Functional outcome of conversion total hip arthroplasty (CTHA) using uncemented distally loading femoral stem for failed fixation of proximal femoral nail - A case series.

Introduction And Aims: There is paucity of prospective studies on conversion total hip arthroplasty (CTHA) for failed proximal femoral nailing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome of CTHA using extensively porous coated distal loading stem for failed proximal femoral nailing.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen consecutively operated patients for failed proximal femoral nail treated with single stage procedure of nail extraction and CTHA were included in this prospective observational study.

Matrix metalloproteinase enzyme responsive delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using Collagen-I peptide functionalized Dendrimer-Gold nanocarrier.

Objective: The aim was to develop matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) responsive nanoparticle system for the delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) anticancer drug.

Significance: The MMP1 in the cancer microenvironment-induced drug release have the advantage of targeted drug release and reduce the distribution of drug to the healthy tissues.

Method: G5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G5)-coated gold nanoparticles (G5AuNP) were synthesized and loaded with 5Fu.

The increasing incidence of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in South Sudan: A retrospective analysis of field patient data from 2001-2018.

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in South Sudan, manifesting periodically in major outbreaks. Provision of treatment during endemic periods and as an emergency response is impeded by instability and conflict. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has provided health care in South Sudan since the late 1980's, including treatment for 67,000 VL patients.

Serial negative response after standard and third (Booster) dose of COVID-19 inactivated vaccine is associated with low vitamin D levels in patients with solid cancers.

Introduction: The response is poorly understood to the third dose in patients with cancer who failed the standard dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (CoronaVac). We aim to assess the immune response to the third dose and identify whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with serial serologic failure in patients with cancer.

Methods: Solid cancer patients (SCP-N) and healthy controls (HCs) who were seronegative after the standard-dose vaccines in our previous study were prospectively recruited, from October 2021 to February 2022, to receive the third dose vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies were measured.