Electric field modulated peptide based hydrogel nanocatalysts.

The ability to modulate self-assembly is the key to manufacture application-oriented materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of three independent variables that can modulate the catalytic activity of self-assembling peptides. The first two variables, amino acid sequence and its stereochemistry, were examined for their specific roles in the epitaxial growth and hydrogelation properties of a series of catalytic tripeptides.

Complete photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by carbon doped TiO supported with stable metal nitrate hydroxide.

Visible light-driven carbon-doped TiO supported with metal nitrate hydroxide (CT-Ni/Co/Cu) nanocomposites were prepared and characterized by various studies. It is fascinating to note that particle size of TiO was substantially reduced from 5 μm to 50 nm after doping of carbon which was confirmed by FESEM. Moreover, the incorporation of stable metal (Cu) nitrate hydroxide further enhanced the visible light absorption up to 800 nm as evident by UV-DRS.

Altered electrochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles by carbon enhance molecular biocompatibility through discrepant atomic interaction.

Recent advancement in nanotechnology seeks exploration of new techniques for improvement in the molecular, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles. In this study, carbon modification of octahedral-shaped magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was done using two-step chemical processes with sucrose as a carbon source for improvement in their electrochemical application and higher molecular biocompatibility. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy confirmed the alteration in single-phase octahedral morphology and carbon attachment in FeO structure.

Study on antioxidant potential, immunological response, and inflammatory cytokines induction of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in silver carp against vibriosis.

Effect of dietary with 100, 200, and 300 mg kg glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on growth enhancer, blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme ability, innate-adaptive defense, and inflammatory cytokines induction was studied in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix against vibriosis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. Significant weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and 100% survival rate (SR) was attained non-infected health (NiH) fish fed in control or all GA diets on 30, 45, and 60 days. Both NiH and V.

Revealing the stability of CuWO/g-CN nanocomposite for photocatalytic tetracycline degradation from the aqueous environment and DFT analysis.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is an emerging metal-free photocatalyst, however, engineering the photocatalytic efficiency for the effective degradation of hazardous molecules is still challenging. An unstable and low bandgap CuWO was composited with g-CN to achieve synergistic benefits of tuning the visible light responsiveness and stability of CuWO. CuWO/g-CN nanocomposite exhibited a relatively high visible light absorption region and the bandgap was modified from 2.

Construction of S-scheme 1D/2D rod-like g-CN/VO heterostructure with enhanced sonophotocatalytic degradation for Tetracycline antibiotics.

Pharmaceutically active compounds are an emerging water contaminant that resists conventional wastewater treatments. Herein, the sonophotocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline (TC) antibiotics as a model contaminant was carried out over a rod-like g-CN/VO (RCN-VO) nanocomposite. RCN-VO nanocomposite was synthesized via ultrasound-assisted thermal polycondensation method.

6-Gingerol and Semisynthetic 6-Gingerdione Counteract Oxidative Stress Induced by ROS in Zebrafish.

6-Gingerol (1) is one of the major components in ginger and developing new synthetic methodologies could bring semisynthetic analogs with improved therapeutic properties. Towards this, multigram scale isolation of 6-gingerol with excellent purity was optimized using a simple and robust extraction, followed by column purification. Synthesis of 6-gingerdione, 7 from 6-gingerol was then achieved through selective -OTBDMS protection, DMP oxidation and deprotection reaction sequence for the first time.

Complete removal of Tetracycline by sonophotocatalysis using ultrasound-assisted hierarchical graphitic carbon nitride nanorods with carbon vacancies.

Tuning a graphitic carbon nitride (CN) structure is an effective strategy to advance its physicochemical and electronic properties. Herein, hierarchical CN nanorods with carbon vacancy were synthesized via ultrasound-assisted thermal polycondensation method wherein melamine-HONH·HCl complex acts as a template. The hierarchical CN nanorods can facilitate multiple light scattering, provide large specific surface area with extensive reactive sites and endow abundant mass-transport channels for charge migration.

Targeting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway by bioactive natural agents: Possible therapeutic strategy to combat liver disease.

Background: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a stress-activated transcription factor, has been documented to induce a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases.

Purpose: The present review highlights the role of phytochemical compounds in activating Nrf2 and mitigate toxicant-induced stress on liver injury.

Methods: A comprehensive search of published articles was carried out to focus on original publications related to Nrf2 activators against liver disease using various literature databases, including the scientific Databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google, EMBASE, and Scientific Information (SID).

Hepatic antioxidant activity, immunomodulation, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines manipulation of κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae.

The effects of dietary k-Carrageenan (k-CGN) at 10, 20, and 30 g kg on growth rate, hemato-biochemical indices, innate-adaptive parameters and modification of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines pathway in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae is reported. The weight gain (WG) increased substantially (P < 0.05) in all k-CGN treated groups; the specific growth rate (SGR) was significant in healthy uninfected normal (HuN) and L.

The pivotal role of Nrf2 activators in adipocyte biology.

Adipose tissue is instrumental in maintaining metabolic homeostasis by regulating energy storage in the form of triglycerides. In the case of over-nutrition, adipocytes favorably regulate lipogenesis over lipolysis and accumulate excess triglycerides, resulting in increased adipose tissue mass. An abnormal increase in hypertrophic adipocytes is associated with chronic complications such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Efficacy of ulvan on immune response and immuno-antioxidant gene modulation in Labeo rohita against columnaris disease.

This study reports the effect of ulvan enriched diet on the influence of growth, changes in hemato-biochemical indices, improvement of antioxidant system, enhancement of innate-adaptive immunity and modification of immuno-antioxidant genes expression in Labeo rohita against Flavobacterium columnaris. The weight gain (WG) was significantly high (P > 0.05) in unchallenged normal and challenged fish fed with diets enriched with 25 and 50 mg kg ulvan; the FCR was better (P > 0.

Complete arsenite removal from groundwater by UV activated potassium persulfate and iron oxide impregnated granular activated carbon.

Removal of toxic arsenite [As(III)] from the contaminated surface and groundwater is essential for human health. However, direct arsenite removal is difficult compared to arsenate [As(V)]. Therefore, the peroxidation of arsenite to arsenate is vital for its effective removal from water.

Oxidative stress induced antioxidant and neurotoxicity demonstrated in vivo zebrafish embryo or larval model and their normalization due to morin showing therapeutic implications.

Aims: The study examined that morin as possible antioxidant and neuroprotective due to oxidative stress (HO) in zebrafish larval model.

Materials And Methods: Zebrafish larvae were induced with oxidative stress using HO at 1 mM; their behavioural changes were assessed through partition preference and horizontal compartment test. The head section without eyes and yolk sac of zebrafish larvae were employed for enzyme assays such as SOD, CAT, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione S transferase, Acetylcholinesterase activity and nitrate levels.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Source and Biological Function With a Special Focus on Entomopathogenic Nematode/Bacterium Symbiotic Complex.

The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms has become one of the most critical threats to public health. A decrease in the effectiveness of available antibiotics has led to the failure of infection control, resulting in a high risk of death. Among several alternatives, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics to resolve the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

NV14 from serine O-acetyltransferase of cyanobacteria influences the antioxidant enzymes in vitro cells, gene expression against H O and other responses in vivo zebrafish larval model.

In this study, we have identified a novel peptide NV14 with antioxidative functions from serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) of Artrospira platensis (Ap). The full sequence of ApSAT and its derived NV14 peptide "NVRIGAGSVVLRDV" (141-154) was characterized using bioinformatics tools. To address the transcriptional activity of ApSAT in response to induce generic oxidative stress, the spirulina culture was exposed to H O (10 mM).

Synthesis and characterization of MXene (TiCT)/Iron oxide composite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Due to the widespread usage of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in various consumer and industrial products (Examples: fuel cells and antibacterial agents), it became important to accurately detect HO concentration in environmental, medical and food samples. Herein, titanium carbide TiCT (MXene) was synthesized by using Ti, Al and C powders at high-temperature. Then, nanocrystalline iron oxide (α-FeO) was obtained from a single solid-phase method.

Insulin signaling pathway assessment by enhancing antioxidant activity due to morin using in vitro rat skeletal muscle L6 myotubes cells.

Background: Plant-derived phytochemicals such as flavonoids have been explored to be powerful antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress-related diseases. In the present study, Morin, a flavonoid compound was studied for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in relation to oxidative stress in insulin resistant models conducted in rat skeletal muscle L6 cell line model.

Methods: Evaluation of antioxidant property of morin was assayed using in vitro methods such as cell viability by MTT assay, estimation of SOD and CAT activity and NO scavenging activity.

Dysregulation of Nrf2 redox pathway in macrophages under diabetic microenvironment.

In the present study, we characterized the aberration in Nrf2 signaling in macrophages under a hyperglycemic microenvironment that reflects diabetic wounds in vitro and studied the effect of an Nrf2 activator pterostilbene (PTS) in these experimental conditions. Macrophages were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ with (HG+) or without high glucose (NG+) followed by the treatment with or without PTS. Western blotting was undertaken to assess the Nrf2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus followed by its downstream and upstream mediators, heme oxygenase-1 and Akt, respectively, the latter via phosphorylation.

Anti-mycobacterial activity evaluation of designed peptides: cryptic and database filtering based approach.

Worldwide, TB is one of the deadly airborne diseases, which accounts for 10.4 million deaths annually. Serious toxicity issue, prolonged treatment regimens of the current drugs, rise in multidrug-resistant strains, and the unique defensive mechanism makes the development of novel therapeutic molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) an urgent need.

Diospyros Peregrina Fruit Preparation Mediated Immunomodulation of Lymphocytes Isolated From The Blood of Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells. The loss of Breast Cancer gene1 (BRCA1) activity due to mutation or down-regulation of gene expression promotes tumorigenesis and increases the risk of breast cancer.

Objectives: We aimed to pulsate lymphocytes of breast cancer patients and normal individuals, using Diospyros peregrina fruit preparation (DFP) to study the cancer-protective immunity, and the signal transduction processes involved with it.

Metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in viral diseases.

The recent outbreak and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide and the ensuing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left us scrambling for ways to contain the disease and develop vaccines that are safe and effective. Equally important, understanding the impact of the virus on the host system in convalescent patients, healthy otherwise or with co-morbidities, is expected to aid in developing effective strategies in the management of patients afflicted with the disease. Viruses possess the uncanny ability to redirect host metabolism to serve their needs and also limit host immune response to ensure their survival.

Public healthcare system capacity during COVID-19: A computational case study of SARS-CoV-2.

Aim: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is spreading typically to the human population all over the world and the report suggests that scientists have been trying to map the pattern of the early transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since it has been reported as an epidemic. Our main aim is to show if the rise-in-cases proceeds in a gradual and staggered manner instead of soaring quickly then we can suppress the burden of the health system. In this new case study, we are attempting to show how to control the outbreak of the infectious disease COVID-19 via mathematical modeling.

First surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and organic tracers in community wastewater during post lockdown in Chennai, South India: Methods, occurrence and concurrence.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and organic tracers (OTs) were conducted in the community wastewater of Chennai city and the suburbs, South India, during partial and post lockdown phases (August-September 2020) as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Wastewater samples were collected from four sewage treatment plants (STPs), five sewage pumping stations (SPSs) and at different time intervals from a suburban hospital wastewater (HWW). Four different methods of wastewater concentrations viz.