Geographic epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in middle class urban residents in India: cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors according to geographic distribution and macrolevel social development index among urban middle class subjects in India.

Methods: We performed cross-sectional surveys in 11 cities in India during years 2005-2009. 6198 subjects aged 20-75 years (men 3426, women 2772, response 62%) were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors.

Ergonomics in dentistry.

Ergonomics is much broader than preventing work‑related musculoskeletal disorders. The successful application of ergo‑ nomics assures high productivity, avoidance of illnesses and injuries, and increased satisfaction among workers. Unsuc‑ cessful application, on the other hand, can lead to work‑related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

Cardiovascular risk factors in tobacco-chewers: a controlled study.

Background: Influence of habitual tobacco chewing on cardiovascular risk has not been well studied. To determine prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects who habitually chew tobacco we performed a controlled study.

Methods: A population based case-control study was performed in Bikaner in North-western India where the prevalence of tobacco-chewing is high.

Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school children in Bikaner: an echocardiographic study.

Objective: To determine prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) using clinical and echocardiographic criteria and to study influence of socioeconomic status (SES) we studied school children in a north-western Indian town.

Methods: 3292 school children, age range 5-14 years, in two private schools, ten middle SES government schools and six low SES government schools were invited to participate in the study. 3002 (1837 boys, 1165 girls) were clinically examined (response 91%) of which 1042 were in private schools, 1002 in middle SES schools and 958 in low SES schools.