The biomedical applications of artificial intelligence: an overview of decades of research.

A significant area of computer science called artificial intelligence (AI) is successfully applied to the analysis of intricate biological data and the extraction of substantial associations from datasets for a variety of biomedical uses. AI has attracted significant interest in biomedical research due to its features: (i) better patient care through early diagnosis and detection; (ii) enhanced workflow; (iii) lowering medical errors; (v) lowering medical costs; (vi) reducing morbidity and mortality; (vii) enhancing performance; (viii) enhancing precision; and (ix) time efficiency. Quantitative metrics are crucial for evaluating AI implementations, providing insights, enabling informed decisions, and measuring the impact of AI-driven initiatives, thereby enhancing transparency, accountability, and overall impact.

Participation among tribal youths of India in vocational training measures: A systematic review of literature.

Purpose: Vocational Training is integral to Skill India Mission 2015, which targets to mitigate youth unemployment. However, evidence reveals a significant number of unenrolled youths. Existing studies pinpoint the reasons for this decline in varied nations including India, but rarely they are specific to indigenous communities.

Phyto-nutraceutical promise of Brassica vegetables in post-genomic era: a comprehensive review.

Brassica vegetables are one of the possible solutions to tackle the emerging human diseases and malnutrition due to their rich content of phyto-nutraceutaical compounds. The genomics enabled tools have facilitated the elucidation of molecular regulation, mapping of genes/QTLs governing nutraceutical compounds, and development of nutrient-rich Brassica vegetables. The enriched food products or foods as whole termed as functional foods are intended to provide health benefits.

Analysis of tooth staining by endodontic medication in root canal therapy using spectrophotometry.

The assessment of the discoloration caused by calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste, and chlorhexidine gel when used as intra-canal medicaments in teeth undergoing root canal treatment is of interest. The study measured the discoloration over seven and fourteen days using a spectrophotometer. After obtaining ethical clearance, ninety anterior teeth requiring root canal therapy were selected based on eligibility criteria.

Recent Advances in the Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are one of the extensively utilized nanocarriers in the pharmaceutical field due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. These features of the carrier system have fuelled its use as the drug delivery system since the last three decades. This review presents different SLN preparation techniques, such as high shear homogenization, hot homogenization, cold homogenization, microemulsion-based technique, etc.

Formulation Strategy and An Overview of Nano-Structured Lipid Carrier-Based Topical Gel as a Novel Drug Delivery System.

Nano-Structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are improved Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) that recover the permanency and capacity of drug payload. There are 3 different types of NLCs which have been anticipated. The aforementioned Lipid Nano Particles (LNPs) possess possible tenders in drug delivery systems, cosmeceuticals, clinical research and many others.

Design and Validation of Endophthalmitis Infectivity Measurement Algorithm in Post Cataract Acute Endophthalmitis: EMS Report No. 6.

Purpose: We constructed a clinical clue-based algorithm to identify the microbiology-positive post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.

Methods: The Endophthalmitis Infectivity Measurement Algorithm (EIMA) was constructed using presenting Snellen vision (Letter score [LS]) and Inflammation Score (IS, from the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and vitreous). Retrospective data (70% for training; 30% for testing) was fitted into CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection).

Socioeconomic gradient of lean diabetes in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2019-21.

Diabetes is a global public health challenge, particularly in India, affecting millions. Among diabetic patients, lean type 2 diabetes is a severe subtype with higher microvascular complication risks. While studies on the prevalence, variations and risk factors of diabetes are increasingly available, there has been limited research on the prevalence, variations, and socioeconomic disparities of lean diabetes in India.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review of their Biomedical Applications and Preparation.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are gaining significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them a popular functional nanocarrier. SLNs are a popular nanocarrier due to their ability to bypass the spleen and liver, offer high drug stability, and improve bioavailability, sterilization, immobilization, targeted drug release, and biocompatible ingredients. This article discusses various SLN preparation techniques, including high shear homogenization, hot homogenization, cold homogenization, microemulsion-based, solvent evaporation, solvent emulsification-evaporation, supercritical fluid-based, spray drying, double emulsion, and precipitation techniques, focusing on methodological aspects.

Clinicopathologic Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: A Multicenter Study From India.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults is a rising concern in developing countries such as India. This study investigates clinicopathologic profiles, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CRC in young adults, focusing on adolescent and young adult (AYA) CRC in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

Methods: A retrospective registry study from January 2018 to December 2020 involved 126 young adults (age 40 years and younger) with CRC.

Ecotourism or ecological concerns? Tracing the impact of economic policy uncertainty and natural resources on tourism-driven ecological footprints.

The influence of tourism development and economic policy uncertainties on environmental sustainability is substantial. Promoting responsible tourism and using sustainable tourism practises, like offering eco-friendly lodging, is a key part of protecting natural habitats and lowering carbon footprints. Hence, this study tries to examine the relationship between tourism development, economic policy uncertainty, renewable energy, and natural resources on the ecological footprint of India during 1990-2022.

Diagnosis of retinal damage using Resnet rescaling and support vector machine (Resnet-RS-SVM): a case study from an Indian hospital.

Purpose: This study aims to address the challenge of identifying retinal damage in medical applications through a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approach. Data was collected from four prominent eye hospitals in India for analysis and model development.

Methods: Data was collected from Silchar Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Aravind Eye Hospital (Tamil Nadu), LV Prasad Eye Hospital (Hyderabad), and Medanta (Gurugram).

Assessment of Various Post Systems' Fracture Resistance after Endodontic Treatment.

Objectives: The study's objective is to evaluate the fracture resistance of a tooth that has had endodontic treatment and has been rebuilt using various post and core systems.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six extracted premolar teeth of similar sizes were picked, and at random, they were separated into three groups: group A received stainless-steel posts, group B received zirconia fiber posts, and group C received glass fiber posts. Dual-cured resin cement was used to cement each post.

Assessment of Antibacterial Effectiveness of SDF and Fluoride Varnish Agents for Application in Pediatric Dentistry.

Objectives: To assess antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and fluoride varnish treatment against and .

Materials And Methods: The antibacterial effectiveness of SDF (group A) and fluoride varnish (group B) against was investigated in an microbiological investigation, with distilled water (group C) serving as the positive and negative controls. After 24 hours of incubation, the antibacterial efficiency was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique, and the diameter of the zones of inhibition (ZOI) was quantified.

Assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Bioactive Glass in the Management of Intrabony Defect.

Objectives: To assess the function of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) both only and in combination with bioactive glass in intrabony defects.

Materials And Method: Twenty patients were split into two groups with 10 samples each: group I with PRP alone, whereas group II was done with PRP in addition to bioactive glass. Following local anesthesia, full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in the afflicted site, the defect was debrided, and root planning with curettes was performed.

A Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Adhesion on Different Long-Term Provisional Fixed Prostheses Fabricated by CAD/CAM Milling, 3D Printing, and Heat Cure Technique: An Study.

Objectives: This study compares the bacterial susceptibility to three different provisional restorations manufactured with different laboratory techniques, i.e., heat cure, CAD/CAM, and 3D printing.

An Interesting Case of Balloon-Assisted Deployment of a Dislodged Coronary Stent.

We report a first and interesting case of balloon-assisted deployment of a dislodged coronary stent. While performing a calcified left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) intervention, the drug-eluting coronary stent was dislodged in the osteoproximal segment of the calcified and tortuous LCX. The dislodged stent was rewired, progressively dilated with multiple balloons and, finally, a larger, balloon-mounted stent was pushed forward, positioned across the coronary lesion and deployed, resulting in distal thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) III flow with good angiographic results.

PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance: A prospective observational study from a tertiary care centre.

Background: Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells contribute to tumor immunity and therapies directed against it, have shown encouraging results in recent years. As there is limited data on the significance of PD-L1 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) from India, we aimed to study the PD-L1 expression and its relation with different clinic-pathological parameters in patients of HNSCC from a tertiary care center in Eastern India.

Methods: A prospective evaluation of HNSCC patients diagnosed and managed at our center over a period of two and half years, was performed.

Prescribing Patterns in the Treatment of Topical Steroid Damaged Face Patients: A Cross-Sectional, Survey-Based Observational Study among Practicing Dermatologists in an Eastern State of India.

Introduction: Topical steroid damaged face (TSDF) is a common occurrence in the current scenario, where darker - skinned people believe having lighter-colored skin improves their prospects in all aspects of life. This has led to the abuse of topical corticosteroids with unrealistic expectations driven by ignorance of the adverse effects, particularly in the Indian population. As TSDF is virtually an epidemic in India and there is no treatment protocol for dermatologists, we conducted this study to find out what dermatologists prescribe and, in turn, serve as a foundation to develop guidelines in the future.

Scrub typhus with opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia-seizure as primary presentations.

Scrub typhus is a simple acute febrile illness with rash or an eschar, with up to one-fifth of the patients complicated with the nervous system. Hence, certain cases present to physicians with rather a different systemic manifestation and incidentally have been diagnosed with scrub typhus. We present two such cases of scrub typhus with neurological manifestations.

Pulsatile giant sacrococcygeal teratoma appearing like 2nd head.

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a congenital tumor of early infancy. Eighty percent are present in the first month of life. It is considered to be an extragonadal germ cell tumor that can be diagnosed in utero.

Role of prophylactic surgery in spinal tuberculosis: A retrospective study from Eastern India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is broadly classified into pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Skeletal TB is considered to be a form of extrapulmonary TB whose incidence is around 1% of all forms of TB. The incidence of spinal TB is more than 50% of the entire skeletal TB.