A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Their Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Environment.

Fungi and their natural products, like secondary metabolites, have gained a huge demand in the last decade due to their increasing applications in healthcare, environmental cleanup, and biotechnology-based industries. The fungi produce these secondary metabolites (SMs) during the different phases of their growth, which are categorized into terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. These SMs exhibit significant biological activity, which contributes to the formulation of novel pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, and environmental bioremediation agents.

The impact of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) on anastomotic leak rates and postoperative outcomes in colorectal anastomoses: a systematic review.

Background: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a major complication in colorectal surgery, significantly contributing to perioperative morbidity and mortality. Among strategies to prevent AL, Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICG-FA) has emerged as a promising method for assessing bowel perfusion intraoperatively. This systematic review evaluates the impact of ICG-FA on AL rates and other postoperative outcomes following colorectal anastomoses.

Effect of plateletpheresis on donor variables and platelet yield using three different cell separators: Experience from tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Platelet collection by apheresis is common nowadays. Many cell separators are available in the market for the same. This study was conducted to study the effect of various donor factors on platelet yield and the effect of different cell separator variables on platelet yield.

Synchronization of auditory-hand tapping coupling: the effect of aging.

Hand(s)-tapping tasks have been extensively studied in order to characterize the features of sensorimotor synchronization (SMS). These tasks frequently require participants to synchronize their tapping pace to an external, metronome-like sound. The impact of ageing on SMS abilities remains mainly unexplored.

Temporal pattern and effect of COVID-19 on the trend of TB, DRTB, paediatrics TB and TB with HIV Coinfection: A decadal trend analysis.

Background: India shares 2/3 of global TB burden. MDR and HIV coinfections are the main obstacle in achieving the successful TB control because it decrease the therapy effect.

Objective: To analyze the long-term trends of incidence of tuberculosis cases and identify any differences between actual and projected cases after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Right Ventricular Injury Definition and Management in Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Right ventricular injury (RVI) in respiratory failure receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is associated with significant mortality. A scoping review is necessary to map the current literature and guide future research regarding the definition and management of RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO. We searched for relevant publications on RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science.

Exosomes: Historical Evolution and Emerging Roles in Dermatology.

Background: Exosomes are a nanoscale extracellular vesicles derived from different cell types that have been investigated for various clinical applications, including functioning as biomarkers and use as direct therapeutics. Given the role of exosomes in multiple pathophysiologic pathways and potential practical applications, they have garnered significant interest in the scientific community but much is still unknown about their development and use.

Aims: This literature review covers the background, mechanisms of action, use as biomarkers, methods of application, and direct therapeutic applications of exosomes.

Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury: An Exigent Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease in Developing Countries.

Background: Development of PRAKI due to various gestation-related complication leads to poor maternal and foetal outcome. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PRAKI resulting in CKD, associated factors and feto-maternal outcome.

Methods: In this prospective observational study patients with PRAKI requiring ≥ 1 session of haemodialysis were included and followed up for 6 months to assess renal outcomes.

Peripheral Edema as an Adverse Drug Reaction to Mirtazapine in an Oral Cavity Cancer Patient Receiving Palliative Care at Tertiary Care Centre: A Case Report.

Mirtazapine is a selective serotonergic antidepressant that functions by blocking adrenergic alpha2-autoreceptors and heteroreceptors and inhibiting 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. It is a noradrenergic drug. Mirtazapine has anxiolytic or sleep-quality-improving effects, aggravates appetite-stimulation, and has stomach emptying functions.

Factors affecting hormonal outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective observational study.

Surgical resection of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNET) is associated with new onset hormonal axis (HA) dysfunction, and factors predicting HA dysfunction are controversial, especially in large and giant NF-PitNET. Thus, we evaluated the postoperative hormonal function and assessed factors affecting HA dysfunction in patients with NF-PitNET. This prospective observational study involved 50 patients who underwent endoscopic surgical resection of NF-PitNET in the Department of Neurosurgery (April 2023-March 2024).

Multiomic molecular patterns of lipid dysregulation in a subphenotype of sepsis with higher shock incidence and mortality.

Background: Lipids play a critical role in defense against sepsis. We sought to investigate gene expression and lipidomic patterns of lipid dysregulation in sepsis.

Methods: Data from four adult sepsis studies were analyzed and findings were investigated in two external datasets.

An Adaptive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Intervention for Youth with HIV Through Text Message and Cell Phone Support with and without Incentives: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART).

Youth living with HIV have low rates of medication adherence. Youth ages 15-24 years with adherence ≤ 80% or with HIV RNA PCRs (VL) ≥ 200 recruited through social media and clinical sites were randomized to brief weekday cell phone support (CPS) calls or daily, two-way, personalized text message (SMS) reminders for 3 months. Those with VL ≥ 200 or adherence ≤ 80% were rerandomized to receive SMS or CPS with monthly incentives for those utilizing the intervention at least 75% of days for 3 months.

Post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) (Covishield) Brachial Plexitis - Report of Two Cases Along with Review of Literature.

Various neurological complications have been linked with vaccines ranging from encephalitis, stroke, ADEM to GBS and many more. Although both viral as well as bacterial vaccines have been reported to cause neurological adverse events, brachial plexitis following vaccination is very uncommon. Vaccination drive against COVID-19 was started on 16th Jan 2021 in India.

Evaluating the Effectiveness and Scalability of the World Health Organization MyopiaEd Digital Intervention: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: The rapid rise of myopia worldwide, particularly in East and Southeast Asia, has implied environmental influences beyond genetics. To address this growing public health concern, the World Health Organization and International Telecommunication Union launched the MyopiaEd program. South Korea, with its high rates of myopia and smartphone use, presented a suitable context for implementing and evaluating the MyopiaEd program.

Challenges faced by medical faculty in implementation of competency-based medical education and lessons learned.

Background: Regulations on Graduate Medical Education (Amendment), 2019 (GME) introduced competency-based medical education (CMBE) for undergraduate medical students and were implemented in the 2019 entrance batch in medical colleges all over India. This study aimed to find out the challenges faced by medical teachers in CBME implementation, lessons learned, and the level of preparedness for upcoming batches.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-centric descriptive study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022 including first-year faculty of medical colleges.

Role of Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Intracranial Vasculopathies.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, affecting millions annually. Accurate etiological diagnosis is critical for the effective treatment and prevention of recurrent strokes. Traditional luminal imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provide limited information, focusing solely on vessel lumen characteristics.

Colours of India: Uniting Endocrinologists in Fitness and Friendship.

Colours of India is an annual cultural phenomenon that transcends the boundaries of professional conferences, uniting endocrinologists through the universal language of music and dance. Since its inception in 2016, this vibrant event has brought together teams from across India and other participating countries, showcasing diverse dance forms while fostering friendships, promoting wellness, and celebrating cultural diversity within the medical community.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the head and neck: comparison between integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming and simultaneous multi-slice readout-segmented echo-planar sequences.

Objectives: To compare integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming (iShim) and simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RESOLVE) for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of malignant head and neck tumours.

Methods: In this prospective study, 45 patients with malignant head and neck lesions underwent iShim- and SMS-RESOLVE imaging with two b-values (0, 800 s/mm2) at 3 T. Subjective image quality scores (lesion distortion, signal loss, fat saturation, and artefacts), quantitative lesion distortion, quantitative image quality [signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and SNR efficiency], ADC values, and total acquisition times of iShim- and SMS-RESOLVE imaging were evaluated and compared.

scTrends: A living review of commercial single-cell and spatial 'omic technologies.

Understanding the rapidly evolving landscape of single-cell and spatial omic technologies is crucial for advancing biomedical research and drug development. We provide a living review of both mature and emerging commercial platforms, highlighting key methodologies and trends shaping the field. This review spans from foundational single-cell technologies such as microfluidics and plate-based methods to newer approaches like combinatorial indexing; on the spatial side, we consider next-generation sequencing and imaging-based spatial transcriptomics.

Expanding a Health Technology Solution to Address Therapist Challenges in Implementing Homework With Adult Clients: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Homework is implemented with variable effectiveness in real-world therapy settings, indicating a need for innovative solutions to homework challenges. We developed Adhere.ly, a user-friendly, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant web-based platform to help therapists implement homework with youth clients and their caregivers.

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions for health promotion during the perinatal period in India: a scoping review.

Introduction: Perinatal and maternal mortality rates remain high in India compared to global levels, and there is significant heterogeneity in outcomes across Indian states. Many mobile health (mHealth) interventions have been developed to improve maternal and infant health outcomes in India, however it is unclear how mHealth can best support women in this culturally and resource diverse setting. Therefore, we aimed to identify mHealth interventions targeting women and their families in the perinatal period in India, identify barriers and facilitators to their uptake, and future research directions.

Effect of school entrance age on myopia among primary schoolchildren using mixed-effect model: The Shantou Myopia Study (SMS).

Purpose: To investigate the association between children's school entrance age and refractive status and prevalence of myopia in southern China.

Methods: Population-based Cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to June 2021 in Shantou, southern China, enrolling primary schoolchildren in the city. The school entrance age was calculated as the months from the birth date to the entrance date, divided by 12.