A review of emission characteristics and risk assessments of volatile organic compounds in petrochemical industry areas.

As the petrochemical industry grows, environmental and human health issues associated with petroleum refining and chemical processes also increase. Consequently, several studies have been conducted on this topic. However, the results of the current research vary, and a comprehensive review is lacking.

Alkaline-Assisted Excessive Impregnation for Enhancing Au Nanoparticle Loading on the TS-1 Zeolite.

Direct epoxidation of propylene (CH) with hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) over the Au/TS-1 catalyst is known as the "Holy Grail" reaction for propylene oxide (PO) synthesis. However, Au nanoparticle loading on TS-1 was limited by traditional deposition precipitation, impregnation and could not achieve ideal catalytic results. In this report, alkaline-assisted excessive impregnation helped to remove Cl from the Au impregnation precursor, improve the loading efficiency of Au nanoparticles and overcome the abnormal growth of nanograins.

Clusters induced electronic delocalization of single atom sites toward efficient electrocatalytic urea synthesis from CO and N.

Electrocatalytic conversion of CO and N into urea product is highly envisaged, whereas symmetrical electronic architecture of inert reactant severely prevents their adsorption and activation and further entail extremely low intrinsic activity. Herein, a novel electrocatalyst consisting of Co clusters and CoN single-atoms dispersed on a carbon matrix is demonstrated to achieve the highest recorded urea yield rate of 20.83 mmol h g and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 23.

Prediction of Hydrogen Diffusion Behavior under the Influence of Defect Structures in Stainless Steel Passivation Film Based on Molecular Dynamics.

The excellent corrosion resistance of stainless steel primarily relies on the formation of a dense passivation film on its surface. Stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are the primary forms of damage to the stainless steel passivation film, leading to film rupture and subsequent corrosion of the stainless steel substrate. The passivation film exhibits semiconducting properties and typically consists of a bilayer structure with a chromium-rich inner layer and an iron-rich outer layer.

Experimental and numerical study on explosion resistance of polyurea-coated shelter in petrochemical industry.

To reduce the number of casualties in explosion accidents, blast-resistant shelters can be used to protect personnel in high-risk areas of petrochemical processing plants. In this work, the deformation behaviours of uncoated and polyurea-coated blast-resistant plates were studied through gas explosion tests. An ANSYS/LS-DYNA model of a polyurea-coated shelter was established, and the dynamic responses of the shelter under various explosion loads were analysed.

Solubility and Mass Transfer Performance of Ethane and -Butane in Menthol and Decanoic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent.

The absorption performance and mechanism of the deep eutectic solvent (DES), composed of menthol and decanoic acid, were investigated. The solubility of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the DES was studied through saturation solution experiments, wherein the solubility of ethane and -butane increases with a decrease in temperature and increasing pressure. Henry's law constants of ethane and -butane in the DES at 288.

Shift in Bacterial Community Structure in the Biodegradation of Benzene and Toluene under Sulfate-Reducing Condition.

Groundwater contaminated by benzene and toluene is a common issue, posing a threat to the ecosystems and human health. The removal of benzene and toluene under sulfate-reducing condition is well known, but how the bacterial community shifts during this process remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the shift in bacterial community structure during the biodegradation of benzene and toluene under sulfate-reducing condition.

Remediation of petroleum-contaminated site soil by bioaugmentation with immobilized bacterial pellets stimulated by a controlled-release oxygen composite.

Bioaugmentation techniques still show drawbacks in the cleanup of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from petroleum-contaminated site soil. Herein, this study explored high-performance immobilized bacterial pellets (IBPs) embed Microbacterium oxydans with a high degrading capacity, and developed a controlled-release oxygen composite (CROC) that allows the efficient, long-term release of oxygen. Tests with four different microcosm incubations were performed to assess the effects of IBPs and CROC on the removal of TPHs from petroleum-contaminated site soil.

Oil-recovery performance of a superhydrophobic sponge-covered disc skimmer.

Frequent oil spill accidents caused by transportation, storage and usage may lead to severe damage on aquatic and ecological environments. Effective methods for rapid oil recovery are urgently in demand. Polyvinyl chloride, hydrophobic nano-SiO, expanded graphite were separately applied to polyurethane and melamine sponge to fabricate superhydrophobic sponge material.

Numerical investigation of fluid flow behavior in steel cord with lattice Boltzmann methodology: The impacts of microstructure and loading force.

Steel cord materials were found to have internal porous microstructures and complex fluid flow properties. However, current studies have rarely reported the transport behavior of steel cord materials from a microscopic viewpoint. The computed tomography (CT) scanning technology and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) were used in this study to reconstruct and compare the real three-dimensional (3D) pore structures and fluid flow in the original and tensile (by loading 800 N force) steel cord samples.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Short-Chain Fluorocarbon Surfactant PFHA and the Anionic Surfactant SDS at the Air/Water Interface.

The research and development of alternatives to long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants are desperately needed because they are extremely toxic, difficult to break down, seriously harm the environment, and limit the use of conventional aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents. In this study, mixed surfactant systems containing the short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHA) and the hydrocarbon surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the microscopic properties at the air/water interface at different molar ratios. Some representative parameters, such as surface tension, degree of order, density distribution, radial distribution function, number of hydrogen bonds, and solvent-accessible surface area, were calculated.

In vitro assessment of cytotoxicity of spent fluid catalytic cracking refinery catalysts on cell lines and identification of critical toxic metals.

The Purpose of the present study was to quantify the responses of ten cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, HEK293, MDA-MB-231, A498, A549, A357, 3 T3, BALB-C3 T3, and NIH-3 T3) to spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (SFCCCs) from different petroleum refineries, and relate these responses to metal concentrations of SFCCC leachates (SFCCCLs). Cytotoxicity of SFCCCs were significantly different depending on cell lines. A357 and 3 T3 cell were the most sensitive, and A498 and HeLa cells were the least sensitive.

Formation of nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products during the chloramination treatment of an emerging pollutant.

Chloramination was commonly used as disinfectant for killing pathogens in water. However, in this process, nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) would accidently form and subsequently rise toxicity. Here, we investigated acute toxicity variation and by-products formation during chloramination treatment on UV filter 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfonic acid benzophenone (BP-4).

Superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic integrated system based on copper mesh for continuous and efficient oil-water separation.

In petroleum, petrochemicals, metallurgy, and chemical industries, a significant volume of oily wastewater is unavoidably generated throughout the production processes. This not only harms the environment but also brings about diverse adverse effects on social and economic progress. In this study, copper mesh separation membranes exhibiting superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity were fabricated through oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, and other physical and chemical modification techniques.

MXene/PPy@PDMS sponge-based flexible pressure sensor for human posture recognition with the assistance of a convolutional neural network in deep learning.

The combination of flexible sensors and deep learning has attracted much attention as an efficient method for the recognition of human postures. In this paper, an in situ polymerized MXene/polypyrrole (PPy) composite is dip-coated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge to fabricate an MXene/PPy@PDMS (MPP) piezoresistive sensor. The sponge sensor achieves ultrahigh sensitivity (6.

Assessment of wellbore integrity failure risk and hazardous zones in depleted reservoirs underground gas storage during the operation processes.

Depleted reservoirs are widely used for underground gas storage due to their advantages of low construction cost and easy development. Under the influence of complex geological conditions and frequent operations, the integrity of the wells in depleted reservoirs is prone to failure, which would potentially lead to gas leakage. In this study, by using a finite element-based computational fluid dynamics model, we have developed evaluation criteria for assessing the severity of the occurred wellbore integrity failure and the risk of the un-occurred wellbore integrity failures respectively to identify hazardous zones potentially prone to wellbore integrity failure.

Bioleaching of metals from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using adapted Acidithiobacillus caldus.

In this study, an adapted bioleaching strain of Acidithiobacillus caldus UVS10 was successfully developed. Batch tests and tests in bioreactor were conducted to evaluate the metals bioleaching performance of A. caldus UVS10 to spent FCC catalyst (SFCCC).

Thermal runaway features of large-format power lithium-ion cells under various thermal abuse patterns and capacities.

Herein, a comprehensive investigation is performed to research the thermal runaway features of large-format power lithium-ion cells under various heating patterns (2 kW electric heating oven and 600 W electric heating plate) and capacities (60, 150, and 180 Ah). Although the electric heating plate induces the cell to encounter thermal runaway earlier in comparison with the electric heating oven, the combustion does not appear for the former case since the compact stacking of the electric heating plate restrains the heat release of the heater such that the surrounding temperature is too low to induce the ignition of the thermal runaway combustibles. Besides that, it is interesting to find that the color of the ejected products under the electric heating plate condition becomes shallower as the thermal runaway proceeds, which implies that the ejecta in the initial of thermal runaway is mixed with quantities of solid particles and the proportion would gradually decrease.

Raman spectrum model transfer method based on Cycle-GAN.

The disparity in hardware quality among various models of Raman spectrometers gives rise to variations in the acquired Raman spectral data, even when the same substance is collected under identical external conditions. Conventionally, models constructed using data obtained from a particular instrument exhibit issues such as limited applicability or poor performance when deployed to different instruments. Currently, numerous model transfer algorithms grounded in chemometrics have been developed, all aiming to establish a mapping relationship capable of transforming spectral data from the source domain to the target domain.

Metal Effect on Cationic [CpMH] (M = Group 4 and 5)-Mediated CO Hydrogenation in the Gas Phase.

Effective CO hydrogenation has recently attracted quite some attention for producing more valuable chemical oxygenates (such as methanol, formate) in mild conditions. However, the influence of the metal center on the CO activation remains unclear. First, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to explore the direct CO hydrogenation to formic acid mediated by [CpMH] (M = Zr, Hf) in the gas phase at room temperature.