Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Insights into Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion, and Technological Innovations in Oncolytic and Vaccine Development.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents a significant advancement in therapeutic medicine, offering unique molecular and cellular characteristics that make it exceptionally suitable for medical applications. The bullet-shaped morphology, RNA genome organization, and cytoplasmic replication strategy provide fundamental advantages for both vaccine development and oncolytic applications. VSV's interaction with host cells through the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and its sophisticated transcriptional regulation mechanisms enables precise control over therapeutic applications.

Addressing the emerging threat of Oropouche virus: implications and public health responses for healthcare systems.

Oropouche fever is an increasingly significant health concern in tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America, and is primarily spread by midge vectors. The Oropouche virus (OROV) was first identified in 1955 and has been responsible for numerous outbreaks, particularly in urban environments. Despite its prevalence, the disease is often under-reported, making it difficult to fully understand its impact.

Achieving malaria-free: Egypt's journey to WHO certification and global implications for disease control.

Egypt's recent malaria-free certification by the World Health Organization (WHO) marks a significant achievement in public health, underscoring the effectiveness of sustained national efforts in disease eradication. This milestone, achieved after nearly a century of strategic intervention, highlights the importance of integrated public health programmes and cross-sector collaboration. Egypt's journey involved early initiatives to reduce human-mosquito contact, the establishment of malaria control stations, and comprehensive outbreak management strategies.

Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculosis in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading cause of infection-related deaths worldwide. Children with underdeveloped immune systems are particularly vulnerable, experiencing symptoms akin to common childhood illnesses. Early diagnosis and treatment typically yield positive outcomes.

Human papillomavirus DNA detection in cervical samples from women of reproductive age in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Introduction: Somalia is among the countries with a high burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2022, 660,000 infections are reported among women globally, out of which 350,000 died from the disease. Most of the studies on HPV reported from Somalia are based on cytologic analysis which is a subjective and suboptimal assessment.

Uptake and Acceptability of HIV Self-Testing Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Their Male Partners in Sub-Saharan Africa: Benefits, Challenges, and Delivery Strategies.

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST) offers a novel solution for increasing HIV testing among pregnant and postpartum women and their male partners, especially in low-resource settings. These groups often face barriers such as stigma, fear, and limited access to traditional HIV-testing services.

Methods: We reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on HIVST implementation in both public and private healthcare settings among pregnant and postpartum women and male partners in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), analyzed uptake, male involvement, and barriers.

Updated WHO list of emerging pathogens for a potential future pandemic: Implications for public health and global preparedness.

Historically, pandemics constitute a major nuisance to public health. They have a debilitating impact on global health with previous occurrences causing major mortalities worldwide. The adverse outcomes are not limited to health outcomes but ravage the social, economic, and political landscapes.

CRISPR-Cas Systems in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Status, Potentials, and Future Directions.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health concern that threatens the efficacy of existing antibiotics and poses significant challenges to public health and the economy worldwide. This review explores the potential of CRISPR-Cas systems as a novel approach to combating AMR and examines current applications, limitations, and prospects.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering publications published from 2014 to August 2024.

Challenges in oral health practice in Somalia: a call for regulatory strengthening and inclusion into primary healthcare services.

Background: Oral diseases remain a significant public health problem worldwide despite being largely preventable. Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers are highly prevalent chronic conditions that negatively impact quality of life. The oral health practice in Somalia has been evolving over the years, we therefore explored the challenges of oral health practice in a security-constrained poorly regulated environment to guide policy development.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Acute Kidney Injury Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis- A Challenging Case Report in Resource Limit Setting.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious disease that can lead to complications such as rhabdomyolysis (RM), a rare but potentially life-threatening condition involving muscle breakdown. RM can further complicate the clinical course by causing acute kidney injury (AKI). We present a case of Community-acquired pneumonia with AKI complicated by rhabdomyolysis in a resource-limited setting.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends in Clinical Learning Environment for Nursing and Midwifery Education.

Introduction: The clinical learning environment is central to nursing and midwifery education, providing critical contexts for student training and professional development. This study fills a gap by offering a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of trends in The clinical learning environment research within nursing and midwifery education.

Methods: A descriptive bibliometric study was conducted on June 7, 2024, using the Scopus database to retrieve research articles related to The clinical learning environment from 1957 until June 2024.

Current Epidemiological Status of Chikungunya Virus Infection in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The incidence of Chikungunya in tropical Africa is still of major epidemiological significance. This study aims to determine the prevalence of chikungunya in East Africa through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. We conducted a comprehensive search across six electronic databases-Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar-using specific keywords to address the worldwide impact of chikungunya following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Advancing Immunization in Africa: Overcoming Challenges to Achieve the 2030 Global Immunization Targets.

African immunization programs are crucial in reducing the prevalence of infectious diseases and improving public health outcomes. This review provides an overview of the current status of immunization efforts in Africa, highlights key challenges, and offers recommendations to help the continent achieve the 2030 Global Immunization Goals. While progress has been made, significant challenges remain.

Prevalence and Determinants of Household Access to Improved Latrine Utilization in Somalia: Health Demographic Survey (SHDS) 2020.

The aim of this research paper is to determine the prevalence of improved household latrine utilization and its determinants in Somalia, using the Somali Health Demographic Survey (SHDS) 2020 dataset. Limited sanitation is a major global problem mainly for the poor and disadvantaged. According to the SHDS 2020 report, around 22.

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Factors Associated Among Pregnant Women in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: Pregnant women exhibit COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy due to concerns regarding potential risks to their babies, doubts about vaccine efficacy, and limited access to information. Therefore, this study aims to estimate COVID-19 vaccine uptake and factors associated with pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women using a questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, pregnancy-related characteristics, perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccination status.

Assessment of Non-Adherence to Anti-TB Drugs and Associated Factors Among Patients Attending TB Treatment Centers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's first wave and subsequent lockdowns disrupted global healthcare systems, significantly impacting essential services including tuberculosis (TB) care. Non-adherence to anti-TB drugs is a critical concern, leading to treatment failure, drug resistance, and increased morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the rate and determinants of non-adherence to TB treatment among patients at TB centers during the first wave of the pandemic.

The risk factors of infant mortality in Somalia: evidence from the 2018/2019 Somali health & demographic survey.

Background: Globally, infant mortality is one of the major public health threats, especially in low-income countries. The infant mortality rate of Somalia stands at 73 deaths per 1000 live births, which is one of the highest infant death rates in the region as well as in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain the risk factors of infant mortality in Somalia using national representative data.

Burning body parts "Guboow" to treat epididymo-orchitis: A traditional Somali healing practice.

In many parts of the world, mainly in rural communities, villages, and some urban areas, traditional healers play a role in primary healthcare. Guboow or body burning is practiced in Africa and Asia to treat various symptoms and conditions. In this article, we present a Somali patient from central Somalia with left epidydimo-orchitis and left inguinal hernia who received body burns to treat the illnesses and the symptoms.

Investigating the dynamics of tax evasion and revenue leakage in somali customs.

This study aims to investigate the dynamics of tax evasion and revenue leakage in the Somali customs framework, providing insights into the systemic opportunity structures, tax governance deficiencies, and personal incentive structures that facilitate these practices. By applying agency theory and rent-seeking theory, this research seeks to deepen the understanding of the complex relationship between individual motivations and systemic vulnerabilities in exacerbating corruption and tax evasion in a post-conflict governance context. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) within the ADANCO-SEM analysis framework, this study analyzes primary survey data.