Effect of Elderberry ( L.) Extract Intake on Normalizing Testosterone Concentration in Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome Rat Model Through Regulation of 17β-HSD, 5α-Reductase, and CYP19A1 Expression.

Men experience Leydig cell and mitochondrial dysfunction due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during aging, leading to hormonal imbalances in the body. This results in symptoms of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) as testosterone levels decline. Consequently, there is a growing need for alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, to regulate testosterone secretion.

Genome-Wide Approach of Gene-Nutrient Intake Interaction Study for Essential Hypertension in a Large Korean Cohort (KoGES).

There is limited evidence on gene-nutrient interaction associated with hypertension (HTN). We examined interactions between genotypes and various nutrients that influenced high blood pressure (BP). Data were obtained from a total of 50,808 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Inhibitory Activity of Glycosides from against Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Cytokines in RAW264.7 Cells.

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with the development of inhibitors for cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Here, we report on four natural sEH inhibitors isolated from the aerial parts of (Thunb.) Hyl.

Incidence, risk factors, and prognostic consequences of femoroacetabular cup impingement following hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

Purpose: Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is recommended for younger patients seeking higher levels of activity. However, femoroacetabular cup impingement (FACI) between the femoral neck and acetabular prosthesis remains a concern. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic consequences of FACI after HRA.

Room-Temperature-Stabilized Alpha Tin Nanocrystals for In Vivo Toxicology Evaluation and Photothermal Therapy Corroborated by FFT Modeling.

Herein, we unveil a remarkable finding for synthesizing room-temperature-stable, nontoxic, ultrasmall free-standing diamond cubic tin nanocrystals (α-Sn) with beta forms in the aqueous phase, avoiding conventional approaches that typically use toxic elements or large reactive substrates (Si/InSb) to stabilize α-Sn above 13 °C. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of free-standing alpha tin with extraordinary stability up to 80 °C and in the aqueous phase at room temperature, which was supported by powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization methods. This synthetic approach eliminates the need to use hazardous materials, bulky substrates, and elevated temperatures, offering a safer, low-cost, and more sustainable alternative.

Novel isatin conjugates endowed with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties: design, synthesis and biological evaluation.

Aims: This study aimed to develop novel molecular hybrid conjugates integrating isatin, rhodanine, and phthalimide pharmacophores to create effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents with improved safety profiles over existing treatments.

Materials & Methods: A series of hybrid conjugates () were synthesized and evaluated through in vitro and in vivo biological assays. The most promising compound, , underwent extensive pharmacological and toxicological evaluations.

The genomic and clinical consequences of replacing procarbazine with dacarbazine in escalated BEACOPP for Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective, observational study.

Background: Procarbazine-containing chemotherapy regimens are associated with cytopenias and infertility, suggesting stem-cell toxicity. When treating Hodgkin lymphoma, procarbazine in escalated-dose bleomycin-etoposide-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-vincristine-procarbazine-prednisolone (eBEACOPP) is increasingly replaced with dacarbazine (eBEACOPDac) to reduce toxicity. We aimed to investigate the impact of this drug substitution on the mutation burden in stem cells, patient survival, and toxicity.

Homologous acetylenic acetogenins from Porcelia macrocarpa R.E. (Fries) displayed potent activity against amastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi.

As part of our continuous study on the Annonaceae species Porcelia macrocarpa, in the present work, eight chemically related 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-γ-lactones (1-8) were isolated. Their structures were characterised by NMR, MS, and VCD. Their antitrypanosomal activity was evaluated in vitro against intracellular amastigotes with EC values ranged from 13.

Diversity-oriented synthesis of second generation guanidinium-rich transporters toward cell-selective penetration.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) hold significant promise for intracellular delivery of various cargo molecules such as therapeutics. However, the lack of selectivity remains a critical challenge and limits the clinical application of CPPs. Using an automated peptide synthesizer, we generated a diversity-oriented library of 256 peptidomimetics containing four modified peptoid guanidine-bearing monomers incorporated alternatively with four α-amino acids.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotic use in patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the REAP-BD study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess treatment patterns and the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) across various Asian countries. The study focused on comparing the choices of LAIs, other psychotropic medications, and their psychotropic drug load to explore real-world usage and evaluate the potential benefits of LAIs in BD treatment across different countries.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with BD patients diagnosed according to ICD-10-CM codes F31.

Therapeutic potential of farnesoid X receptor agonists for modulating inflammation and periodontal regeneration.

Objectives: Inflammation and osteoclast activity are important in various diseases, including periodontitis and osteoporosis. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been identified as a promising target for modulating these processes. This study delved into the impact of FXR agonists on inflammation and periodontal regeneration using periodontitis models.

Discovery of Novel Thiophene-Based Baloxavir Derivatives as Potent Cap-Dependent Endonuclease Inhibitors for Influenza Treatment.

The genetic recombination and antigenic variation of influenza viruses may decrease the efficacy of antiviral vaccines, highlighting the imperativeness of developing novel anti-influenza agents. Herein, a series of thiophene-based compounds were designed and synthesized as potent anti-influenza agents. Among them, exhibited an excellent anti-influenza activity (EC, H1N1 = 1.

Pentraxin 3 deficiency ameliorates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic toxicity via regulating ER stress and β-cell apoptosis.

The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a marker of inflammation, has been associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Recently, elevated serum PTX3 levels have been linked to type 2 diabetes in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin secretion or action.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Hybrid Nanoparticle Engineered with Transforming Growth Factor -β1-Overexpressed Extracellular Vesicle and Cartilage-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Liposome for Osteoarthritis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess the characteristics of their parent cells, based on which various studies have actively investigated treatments for diseases using mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs due to their regenerative activity. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been significant efforts to engineer EVs to improve their native activities and integrate additional functions. Although both endogenous and exogenous methods are used for engineering EVs, endogenous methods may pose the problem of administering substances to cells undergoing metabolic changes, which can cause potential side effects.

Near-field coupling resonance enhancement with AuNiO Heterostructure nanosheets for high-performance photodynamic/photothermal Hybrid antibacterial & imaging tracking.

Bacterial infection has always been a serious public health problem worldwide. Real-time microbial monitoring in the trauma resuscitation unit is crucial for infection control and plays an essential role in all aspects of wound treatment clinical practice, such as identification and evaluation of wound infection, diagnosis of wound infection, and topical antimicrobial treatment. Herein, gold-loaded nickel oxide nanosheets (Au-NiO NSs) prepared by hydrothermal and laser-assisted synthesis methods are used as fluorescent nanoprobes to rapidly detect and target bacteria at an early stage, and then achieve combined PTT and PDT to inactivate bacteria under sunlight.

Theoretical investigation of structure and electronic properties in Cisplatin-citrate complexes.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective Platinum (Pt) based anticancer drug used in chemotherapy. However, its effectiveness is limited due to its instability in solvents, along with the side effects it causes due to DNA damage. Nanoparticles (NPs) were developed in vitro to address these issues by loading CDDP into various types of NPs, including metal, lipid, and biological NPs.

Penfluridol suppresses MYC-driven ANLN expression and liver cancer progression by disrupting the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises the majority of primary liver cancers and possesses a low 5-year survival rate when in the advanced stages. Anillin (ANLN), a key player in cell growth and cytokinesis, is implicated in HCC development. Currently, no treatment agents are known to suppress ANLN.

Metal (Au, Pt, Pd, Ni) Bis(dithiolene) complexes as dual-action agents combating cancer and trypanosomatid infections.

Cancer and infection diseases pose severe threats to public health worldwide stressing the need for more effective and efficient treatments. Thus, the search for broad-spectrum activity drugs seems justifiable and urgent. Herein, we investigate the anticancer and antitrypanosomatid (anti-Trypanosoma cruzi) activities of eight monoanionic metal bis(dithiolene) complexes, [PhP][M(R-thiazdt)] with M = Au, Pt, Pd, Ni, containing N-alkyl-1,3-thiazoline-2-thione dithiolene ligands (R-thiazdt) with different alkyl groups (R = Et, tBu).

Effect of sodium butyrate on kidney and liver mitochondrial dysfunction in a lipopolysaccharide mouse model.

Sodium butyrate can reduce inflammation, but it is not known if butyrate can improve mitochondrial dysfunction during sepsis. We tested butyrate to prevent or reverse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in murine kidney and liver. C57BL/6 mice were grouped as control (n = 9), intraperitoneal (IP) LPS (n = 8), pretreatment with IP butyrate 600 (n = 3) or 1200 mg/kg (n = 8) followed 2 h later by LPS, posttreatment with IP butyrate 600 (n = 3) or 1200 mg/kg (n = 7) 1 h after LPS, or butyrate 1200 mg/kg only (n = 8).

Enhancement of chlorpromazine efficacy in breast cancer treatment by 266 nm laser irradiation.

Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, prompting interest in the anticancer properties of other drugs, including chlorpromazine (CPZ). This study presents a novel approach in breast cancer treatment using laser irradiated CPZ. CPZ dissolved in distilled water, was exposed to 266 nm laser irradiation for varying durations, characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, followed by drug-likeness and ADME-Tox predictions.

Pharmacokinetic Prediction of Immediate- and Extended-Release Tablets for Patients with Liver Disease Using Whole Body Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Antipsychotic Drug Quetiapine.

Although quetiapine metabolism occurs extensively in the liver and careful dosing is recommended in patients with liver disease, there has been a paucity of pharmacometric studies to adjust the clinical dose of quetiapine according to liver-disease severity. This study aimed to establish a whole-body, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (WB-PBPK) model to explain interindividual variability in quetiapine PK and quantitatively predict PK in patients with liver disease. The developed WB-PBPK model well described the PK characteristics of different quetiapine regimens in healthy populations.

Cardiovascular health and economic outcomes under improved air quality in China: a modelling study.

Introduction: China faces the dual challenge of high air pollution and an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to estimate the healthcare costs associated with CVD and the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) under scenarios of improved air quality in China.

Methods: A health prediction model was developed to estimate 10-year CVD-related costs and QALY associated with PM2.