Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma: 3-year survival update and multi-omics analysis.

Background: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has shown promising efficacy in advanced mucosal melanoma in the multi-centre phase II study. This report updates 3-year survival outcomes and multi-omics analysis to identify potential response biomarkers.

Methods: Forty-three intention-to-treat (ITT) patients received intravenous administration of atezolizumab and bevacizumab every 3 weeks.

Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid attenuates high-calorie diet-induced dyspepsia in immature rats via regulating the pancreatic secretion pathway and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid (JWXS), a classical traditional prescription comprising various edible medicinal plants, has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating paediatric indigestion. It originates from Jianpi Pill, which is developed in the Ming Dynasty and nourishes the spleen and regulates gastrointestinal function. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Cell-free hemoglobin released from hemolysis induces programmed cell death through iron overload and oxidative stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Intravascular hemolysis releases hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells under specific conditions, yet the effect of hemolysis in aquaculture systems remain poorly understood. In this study, a continuous hemolysis model for grass carp was established by injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) to investigate the mechanistic impacts of sustained hemolysis. PHZ-induced hemolysis altered liver color, and subsequent hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed substantial Hb accumulation in the head kidney, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and vacuolization in liver tissue.

Crisdesalazine alleviates inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis mouse model by regulating the immune system.

Microglia/macrophages participate in the development of and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the macrophage M1 (pro-inflammatory)/M2 (anti-inflammatory) phase transition is involved in EAE disease progression. We evaluated the efficacy of crisdesalazine (a novel microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor) in an EAE model, including its immune-regulating potency in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and its neuroprotective effects in a macrophage-neuronal co-culture system. Crisdesalazine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord, and altered the phase of microglial/macrophage and regulatory T cells.

Combating COVID-19 and its co-infection by Aspergillus tamarii SP73-EGY using in vitro and in silico Studies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity for millions of people. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is capable of causing severe and fatal diseases. We evaluated the antiviral properties of Aspergillus tamarii SP73-EGY isolate extract against low pathogenic coronavirus (229E), Adeno-7- and Herpes-2 viruses.

Contrasting effects of arsenic on mycorrhizal-mediated silicon and phosphorus uptake by rice.

Silicon (Si) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heavy metal (and metalloid) toxicity. Although Si and AMF each independently enhance plant tolerance, the nature of their interactions and their combined impacts on nutrient uptake, especially in the context of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), remains to be elucidated. This study investigated AMF-mediated regulation of plant nutrient uptake under As stress using rice, a model Si-accumulating plant.

Novel α-mangostin derivatives as promising antiviral agents: Isolation, synthesis, and evaluation against chikungunya virus.

Investigations into fruit and vegetable processing residues (FVPRs) offer huge opportunities to discover novel therapeutics against many diseases. In this study, detailed investigation of Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract led to the isolation and identification of ten known compounds (1-10). Further, a new series of α-mangostin derived sulphonyl piperzines, aryl alkynes and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized using Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition reaction ("click" chemistry).

Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To determine effects of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in general wards on characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with HAP admitted to 16 tertiary or university hospitals in Korea from July 2019 to December 2019. From the entire cohort, patients who developed pneumonia in general wards with known colonization status before the onset of pneumonia were included in this study.

Silicon-mediated modulation of maize growth, metabolic responses, and antioxidant mechanisms under saline conditions.

Purpose: This study explored how exogenous silicon (Si) affects growth and salt resistance in maize.

Methods: The maize was cultivated in sand-filled pots, incorporating varied silicon and salt stress (NaCl) treatments. Silicon was applied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM, and salt stress was induced using 0, 60 and120 mM concentrations.

Portulaca oleracea Extract Ameliorates Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a distressing health problem that can cause serious complications in aging men. Androgens are implicated in the causation of BPH. Portulaca oleracea (PO) is a natural product with diverse pharmacological effects.

Edibility of cultivated green seaweed Ulva intestinalis from Monkhali Beach, Cox's Bazar coast of Bangladesh: bio-toxicity and heavy metal contents.

Ulva intestinalis (UI) is widely available edible seaweed and has potential to be introduced as functional food items in Bangladesh. However, potential health hazards of this seaweed with biotoxicity assays and its relation to heavy metal contents were not evaluated previously. With these objectives, toxic effects of UI collected from floating raft culture in Monkhali Beach was evaluated using various organisms such as Chlorella vulgaris, Artemia salina, Daphnia magna, and Lactuca sativa.

Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment.

Nonthermal plasma has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields, including surface engineering of medical implants to enhance their biocompatibility and osseointegration. To ensure robustness and cost effectiveness for commercial viability, stable and effective plasma is required, which can be achieved by reducing gas pressure in a controlled volume. Here, we explored the impact of reduced gas pressure on plasma properties, surface characteristics of plasma-treated implants, and subsequent biological outcomes.

Exploration of flame characteristics of gasoline engine fuelled by gasoline-pentanol blends using combustion endoscopy.

Alcohol-based fuels have shown high compatibility with spark-ignition (SI) engines, which require improvements in fuel efficiency and emissions reduction to meet modern environmental standards. While extensive research has been conducted on ethanol and other lower-order alcohols, there has been comparatively limited investigation into higher-order alcohols like butanol and pentanol as fuel alternatives. Previous studies on pentanol-gasoline blends in SI engines have demonstrated improved engine performance and reduced emissions.

Lung cancer risk and its potential association with PM in Bagmati province, Nepal-A spatiotemporal study from 2012 to 2021.

Background: Despite examining the role of an association between particulate matter and lung cancer in low-income countries, studies on the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and lung cancer risk are still contradictory. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of lung cancer incidence and potential association with particulate matter (PM) in Bagmati province, Nepal.

Methods: We performed a spatiotemporal study to analyze the LC - PM association, using LC and annual mean PM concentration data from 2012 to 2021.

Evaluation of susceptibility to pyrazinamide and streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) in the Bieszczady Mountains (Southern Poland).

The material for drug resistance testing was 28 strains of Mycobacterium caprae isolated from tissue collected post mortem from a free-living Bieszczady Mountain European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) herd. All drug susceptibility tests were carried out on an automated Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system, using Bactec MGIT 960 streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol (S.I.

Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II trial of pembrolizumab.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid tumors. However, the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer (BTC) are still controversial.

Materials And Methods: We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line therapy.

Neck extension with closed mouth position provides optimal airway patency after anterior cervical spine surgery at C3-4 and C4-5: a single-center retrospective case series.

Airway compromise due to prevertebral soft tissue swelling is a potentially devastating complication following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, there are no studies on the postoperative patient posture for enhancing airway patency after ACDF. This study aimed to analyze the effect of neck and mouth postures on airway patency following ACDF and to suggest the beneficial postoperative patient posture for improving airway patency.

A conserved pilin from uncultured gut bacterial clade TANB77 enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard anti-cancer treatment, offering durable clinical benefits. However, the limited response rate of ICB necessitates biomarkers to predict and modulate the efficacy of the therapy. The gut microbiome's influence on ICB efficacy is of particular interest due to its modifiability through various interventions.

Evaluating current status of network pharmacology for herbal medicine focusing on identifying mechanisms and therapeutic effects.

Introduction: Network pharmacology has gained significant traction as a tool for identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines. However, despite the usefulness of these approaches, their diversity underscores the critical need for a systematic evaluation to ensure consistency and reliability.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the network pharmacological analyses, focusing on identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines.

Characterisation of High Alkaline-Tolerant Novel Ulvan Lyase from : Potential Applications of Enzyme Derived Oligo-Ulvan as Anti-Diabetic Agent.

Green algae, particularly species, are rich in complex polysaccharides, such as ulvan, which have significant potential for biotechnological applications. However, the biochemical properties of ulvan depolymerised products remain underexplored. The enzymatic depolymerisation of ulvan has garnered attention owing to its cost advantages over alternative methods.

X-ray-Triggered Activation of Polyprodrugs for Synergistic Radiochemotherapy.

X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (XPDT) can penetrate deeply into the tumor tissues to overcome the disadvantage of conventional PDT. However, the therapeutic efficacy of XPDT in cancer therapy is still restricted due to the insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at a relatively low irradiation dosage. Herein, we present the tumor pH and ROS-responsive polyprodrug micelles to load the X-ray photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) as an ROS production enhancer.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY OF EPIRUBICIN AND DOXORUBICIN IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER.

Unlabelled: Patients with breast cancer (BC) are at high risk of cardiotoxicity (CT) due to combination of anticancer treatment.Cardio-vascular (СV) complications lead to the delay or discontinuation of anticancer therapy, which significantlyworsens the prognosis. Anthracyclines (AC) are the main drugs included in most anticancer treatment regimens.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL BONE FEATURES IN CHILDREN RESIDING IN THE RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE.

Objective: Evaluation of structural features and metabolic/biochemical abnormalities of the bone tissue and relevant regulation patterns in children, residing in the radiologically contaminated territories (RCT).

Materials And Methods: Children (n = 148) aged 7 to 18 years old were involved in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) is given in 3 grades according to the mean square deviation values, namely Grade I - standard (n = 75),Grade II - reduced (n = 45) and Grade III - very low one (n = 28).

CORRECTION CRITERIA FOR THE BONE TISSUE STRUCTURE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT.

Objective: To determine the structure of abnormalities of bone tissue and substantiate the management tactics inacute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) pediatric patients and in children with no oncohematological disorders, livingin radiologically contaminated territories (RCT).

Materials And Methods: Children (n = 220) living in RCT were the study participants i.e.

ON THE ISSUE OF RADON EXPOSURE IN THE EXISTING RADIATION SITUATION AT WORKPLACES.

Objective: assessment of probable exposure levels from radon and NORM in workplaces within the context of justi fying radiation protection plans in an existing exposure situation.

Materials And Methods: Materials regarding the assessment of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) con tent in tailing from mining and processing industries in Ukraine and assessments of contamination levels of industri al sites of oil and gas enterprises were used for estimating the probable range of effective doses (ED) of workers fromNORM at industrial enterprises. These materials were obtained as a result of research conducted by specialists from theRadiation Protection Laboratory of the State Institution «O.