"I felt so powerful to have this love in me": A grounded theory analysis of the experiences of people living with and recovering from eating disorders while in diverse romantic relationships.

Romantic partners have the potential to influence attitudes and behaviors related to body image and disordered eating. However, the role that romantic relationships can play in eating disorder (ED) recovery has not been comprehensively investigated. The present study aimed to explore the ways that people living with and recovering from EDs experience their romantic relationships, with the specific objective of developing a novel theoretical framework, grounded in the experiences of people in diverse romantic relationships, to guide future research on the topic.

Activity space during treatment with medication for opioid use disorder: Relationships with personality, mood, and drug use.

Introduction: Activity space in people with substance use disorders (SUDs) has been assessed for theoretical reasons and for detection/prevention of relapse. In this observational study, we relate passively obtained activity space measures to mental states and behaviors relevant to the success of treatment for opioid use disorder. Our long-term goal is to use such data to assess risk in real time and to recognize when SUD patients might benefit from a just-in-time intervention.

The Use of Daily and On-Demand Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Dosing Strategies Among Young Adult Gay, Bisexual and Other Men who have Sex with Men Enrolled in an mHealth Adherence Intervention.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention option for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). However, with newer PrEP options, a greater understanding of whether and why GBMSM switch dosing strategies is needed to inform clinical practice and research. We assessed the dosing strategies (daily or on-demand) of GBMSM enrolled in an mHealth PrEP adherence pilot intervention at four timepoints over approximately 10 months.

Need for clarity and context in case reports on kratom use, assessment, and intervention.

This Letter to the Editor is a response to Broyan and colleagues who recently published a Case Report presenting data on 28 patients in the United States who identified kratom as their primary substance of use and who were subsequently induced on buprenorphine/naloxone for a reported diagnosis of kratom use disorder. We applaud the authors for helping to advance the science on kratom and recognize the difficulties in conducting kratom-related clinical assessment and research. However, a number of inconsistences and generalizations were identified in this Case Report, which also lacked some critical context.

Higher cerebrospinal fluid tau is associated with history of traumatic brain injury and reduced processing speed in Vietnam-era veterans: A Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (DOD-ADNI) study.

Introduction:  Our goal was to determine whether cognitive and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of tau and amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) differ between Vietnam-era veterans with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether TBI moderates the association between CSF markers and neurocognitive functioning.

Methods:  A total of 102 male participants (52 TBI, 50 military controls [MCs]; mean age = 68) were included. Levels of CSF Aβ, tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 position (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) were quantified.

Prediabetes Is Associated With Brain Hypometabolism and Cognitive Decline in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Longitudinal Study of Nondemented Older Adults.

Although type 2 diabetes is a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about how its precursor-prediabetes-impacts neuropsychological function and brain health. Thus, we examined the relationship between prediabetes and AD-related biological and cognitive/clinical markers in a well-characterized sample drawn from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Additionally, because women show higher rates of AD and generally more atherogenic lipid profiles than men, particularly in the context of diabetes, we examined whether sex moderates any observed associations.

Misattributions of the source of health-related information in HIV disease.

: Growing access to both legitimate and dubious sources of health information makes accurate source memory increasingly important, yet it may be negatively impacted by conditions that impair prefrontal functioning, including HIV. This study hypothesized that instructions supporting source encoding on a health-related memory task would disproportionately benefit source memory of people with HIV (PWH), and to examine the pattern of source memory errors that are observed.: 102 individuals (61 HIV+, 41 HIV-) completed comprehensive neurobehavioral (including health literacy) and neuromedical evaluations, and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions for a health-related memory task: explicitly participants to attend to the source of health statements presented to them, which were either health professionals or lay-persons, whereas no such instruction was provided in a condition.

Elevated Intraindividual Variability in Executive Functions and Associations with White Matter Microstructure in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: We examined whether intraindividual variability (IIV) across tests of executive functions (EF-IIV) is elevated in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to military controls (MCs) without a history of mTBI. We also explored relationships among EF-IIV, white matter microstructure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

Method: A total of 77 Veterans (mTBI = 43, MCs = 34) completed neuropsychological testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and PTSD symptom ratings.

Post-concussive symptom endorsement and symptom attribution following remote mild traumatic brain injury in combat-exposed Veterans: An exploratory study.

The purpose of this study was to examine rates of and relationships between "post-concussive" symptom endorsement and symptom attribution in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This cross-sectional, exploratory study included 48 combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with remote history of mTBI. All Veterans completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, injury and combat-related variables, psychiatric distress, self-efficacy, and coping style.

Response inhibition in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury: The role of self-reported complaints in objective performance.

Introduction: Although objective deficits in response inhibition (RI) have been detected in civilians with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), it remains unclear whether objective RI is worse in military Veterans with mTBI despite the prevalence of self-reported disinhibition. Assessing RI in Veterans is critical due to their unique characteristics, including combat and blast exposure, in addition to the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) examine RI performance in Veterans with mTBI compared to non-mTBI Veterans and (2) compare RI performance in well-defined subgroups of mTBI Veterans with and without self-reported complaints of disinhibition to non-mTBI Veterans.

Repetitive mTBI is associated with age-related reductions in cerebral blood flow but not cortical thickness.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and evidence suggests cerebrovascular dysregulation initiates deleterious neurodegenerative cascades. We examined whether mTBI history alters cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cortical thickness in regions vulnerable to early AD-related changes. Seventy-four young to middle-aged Veterans (mean age = 34, range = 23-48) underwent brain scans.

The association between current maternal psychological control, anxiety symptoms, and emotional regulatory processes in emerging adults.

Background And Objectives: High levels of psychological control (PC), the (intentional or unintentional) attempt by parents to control their child's emotional experience, have been associated with increased risk for anxiety in youth. However, little is known regarding the association between PC and anxiety in emerging adulthood, a developmental period marked by various life transitions and high risk for the onset of internalizing symptoms, or about the relation between current parental PC and emotional regulatory processes during this stage. The current study examined whether perceived maternal PC was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms and both objective (psychophysiological; respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and subjective (self-reported) emotion regulatory processes.

Interaction of APOE, cerebral blood flow, and cortical thickness in the entorhinal cortex predicts memory decline.

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, a risk factor for cognitive decline, is associated with alterations in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure and function, yet little research has been dedicated to understanding how these alterations might interact to negatively impact cognition. To bridge this gap, the present study employed linear regression models to determine the extent to which APOE genotype (ε4+, ε4-) modifies interactive effects of baseline arterial spin labeling MRI-measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and FreeSurfer-derived cortical thickness/volume (CT/Vo) in two MTL regions of interest (entorhinal cortex, hippocampus) on memory change in 98 older adults who were cognitively normal at baseline. Baseline entorhinal CBF was positively associated with memory change, but only among ε4 carriers with lower entorhinal CT.

Neuroticism predicts fear of falling after hip fracture.

Objectives: Fear of falling (FoF) is common and associated with poorer functional outcomes after hip fracture. We sought to differentiate patterns of FoF at 4 and 12 weeks after surgical repair for hip fracture and examine predictors of FoF.

Methods/design: Secondary analysis of existing data from a 52-week prospective study examining recovery after hip fracture.

The Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Impact of Mobile Application to Increase Repeat HIV Testing Among Sexual Minority Men.

We pilot tested the Status Update Project (SUP) mobile app intervention to promote repeat HIV testing among HIV-negative US MSM. Participants (Mean age = 29 years; 51% racial/ethnic minority; 63% single) who were eligible and enrolled were randomized to either the SUP mobile app or a no-treatment condition, with assessments at baseline and month 4 and 8. Eighty-three percent of men were retained at the 8-month follow up.

Improvement in women's cardiovascular functioning during cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder.

The cardiovascular system is disrupted by chronic excessive alcohol use and often impaired in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Less is known about cardiovascular recovery when an individual receives treatment for AUD. This observational study aimed to extend the growing body of evidence for cardiovascular biomarkers and intervention targets in the treatment of AUD.

The Functional Ability of MCI and Alzheimer's Patients Predicts Caregiver Burden.

Sixty patients and their caregivers participated in this study. Patients completed activities of daily living tasks and several neuropsychological tests assessing memory, abstract reasoning, and language. Caregivers completed self-report measures assessing caregiver burden and psychological distress.

Aberrant patterns of default-mode network functional connectivity associated with metabolic syndrome: A resting-state study.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of three or more cardiovascular risk factors (RF), including hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, or hyperglycemia. MetS and its component RFs are more prevalent in older age, and can be accompanied by alterations in brain structure. Studies have shown altered functional connectivity (FC) in samples with individual RFs as well as in clinical populations that are at higher risk to develop MetS.

MCI-to-normal reversion using neuropsychological criteria in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Introduction: The low mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to cognitively normal (CN) reversion rate in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2-3%) suggests the need to examine reversion by other means. We applied comprehensive neuropsychological criteria (NP criteria) to determine the resulting MCI to CN reversion rate.

Methods: Participants with CN (n = 641) or MCI (n = 569) were classified at baseline and year 1 using NP criteria.

Type 2 Diabetes Interacts With Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors to Predict Functional Decline.

Objective: The current study examined the interactive effect of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) risk factors on the rate of functional decline in cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Methods: Participants underwent annual assessments that included the Functional Activities Questionnaire, an informant-rated measure of everyday functioning. Multilevel modeling, controlling for demographic variables and ischemic risk, examined the interactive effects of diabetes status (diabetes, n=69; no diabetes, n=744) and AD risk factors in the prediction of 5-year longitudinal change in everyday functioning.

Effect of Worry Level on Recall Memory for Odors in ApoE-ε4 Carriers and Non-Carriers.

Objective: Increased levels of worry, age, and presence of the apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)-ε4 allele are associated with the risk of developing cognitive declines and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Odor memory performance has been shown to vary as a function of age and ApoE genotype, and odor memory tests are sensitive to preclinical AD. Worry is known to influence verbal memory; however, its effects on odor memory are unknown.

Cancer fatalism and adherence to national cancer screening guidelines: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Sociocultural factors, such as health insurance status, income, education, and acculturation, predict cancer screening among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos.

Depression and aging with HIV: Associations with health-related quality of life and positive psychological factors.

Background: Depression is prevalent among persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study investigated the relationships between depressive symptomatology, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and positive psychological factors in PLWH and age-matched HIV-individuals.

Methods: One hundred twenty-two PLWH and 94 HIV- individuals, recruited in three age cohorts (36-45, 46-55, 56-65 years old), completed self-report questionnaires on depressive symptoms (CES-D), HRQoL, and positive psychological factors (resilience, grit, and self-rated successful aging [SRSA]).

Inaccuracy between subjective reports and objective measures of sleep duration and clinical correlates in bipolar disorder.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in bipolar disorder (BD) and are often assessed by self-report at clinic visits over the course of BD treatment. Self-report may be subject to recall bias based upon current mood/affect states. This study sought to identify the degree of inaccuracy between subjective and objective measures of sleep duration in those with and without BD, and to assess the demographic and clinical correlates of this inaccuracy.