Monkeypox: An Emerging Global Public Health Emergency.

The virus causing monkeypox, a rare zoonotic viral disease, belongs to the Poxviridae family and the Orthopoxvirus genus. On 23 July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the monkeypox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). From May to July 2022, a multi-country outbreak of monkeypox was reported in both endemic and non-endemic regions.

Comparison of culture and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for identification of various species from subgingival plaque samples of healthy and periodontally diseased individuals.

Introduction: are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and recognized as opportunistic pathogens of various extraoral infections. Only a few studies attempted to identify all the seven species of phenotypically and genotypically in healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis. Studies to determine the prevalence of in subgingival plaque samples from healthy individuals, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis among Indian population are lacking.

Detection and comparison of prevalence of through culture and Real Time-polymerase chain reaction in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals.

Introduction: The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection.

Assessment of semen parameters in consecutive ejaculates with short abstinence period in oligospermic males.

Objective: Human sperm parameters varies widely among men and even between consecutive samples in the same individual with respect to their concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation. Less is known about the characteristics of sperm in short abstinence periods. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine the influence of consecutive ejaculate on above parameters after short abstinence period in oligospermic males.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of bioactive root-end filling materials: An study.

Context: Microorganisms are the main cause of failure of endodontic treatment. When retreatment fails periapical surgery followed by retrograde filling is done to seal the apex. A root-end filling material should have antimicrobial property as well as bioactive properties necessary for healing, repair, and regeneration of the apex.

Full thickness open tear of the tendoachilles - Functional outcomes following a stable, single stage repair.

Objective: Open injuries of the Tendoachilles present a challenge to the treating surgeon. Although, common in our setting, there is a paucity of literature regarding management of the same. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse the functional outcomes following debridement and primary repair of open tears of the Tendoachilles.

A Study to Assess the Efficacy of Different Doses of Propofol for Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Tracheal intubation is usually facilitated by using a muscle relaxant to supplement drugs given for the induction of general anesthesia. Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are also associated with the few disadvantages. Endotracheal intubation under volatile anesthetics without the use of muscle relaxants is possible, but it has disadvantages.

Usefulness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children.

Context: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is now important investigation in children. Although endoscopy is used routinely by pediatric surgeons, there are no recent Indian studies which have evaluated endoscopy within a Department of Pediatric Surgery.

Aims: It was done with the aim to define the diagnostic value of upper GI endoscopy and evaluate the outcome.

Immuno-Histochemical Assessment of HER2NEU Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma in North Karnataka, India.

Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and ranks fifth in India. Surgical resection is curative in early stage gastric cancers. Most of the gastric cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage necessitating multimodality treatment strategies.

Clinical Profile, Outcome, and Prognostic Factors of Cortical Venous Thrombosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital, India.

Background: Cortical venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition, compared to arterial stroke and often occurs in young individuals presenting with varying clinical features.

Aim: The aim is to study clinical profile and assess the outcome and prognostic factors of CVT patients.

Methodology: A case series study was done for 2 years.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Mimicking Tuberculosis.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare disease with varied clinical manifestations. We present a case of GPA which manifested initially with symptoms suggestive of meningeal tuberculosis. High index of suspicion and collective review of all clinical features helped in the correct diagnosis.

Improved detection of using medium enrichment: Polymerase chain reaction from stool samples.

Laboratory diagnosis of shigellosis using conventional culture technique is limited by lower sensitivity and higher turnaround time. Here, we have evaluated the role of polymerase chain reaction from stool samples after enrichment in Escherichia coli medium for detection of Shigellae. The technique not only increased the sensitivity but also decreased the turnaround time.

Blood transfusion in preterm infants improves intestinal tissue oxygenation without alteration in blood flow.

Background And Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the splanchnic blood flow velocity and oximetry response to blood transfusion in preterm infants according to postnatal age.

Materials And Methods: Preterm infants receiving blood transfusion were recruited to three groups: 1-7 (group 1; n = 20), 8-28 (group 2; n = 21) and ≥29 days of life (group 3; n = 18). Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) peak systolic (PSV) and diastolic velocities were measured 30-60 min pre- and post-transfusion using Doppler ultrasound scan.

Factors influencing the uptake of neonatal bereavement support services - Findings from two tertiary neonatal centres in the UK.

Background: Research on perinatal bereavement services is limited. The aim of the study was to compare the uptake of bereavement support services between two tertiary neonatal units (NNU), and to investigate influencing factors.

Method: The medical and bereavement records of all neonatal deaths were studied from January 2006 to December 2011.

Effect of blood transfusion on intestinal blood flow and oxygenation in extremely preterm infants during first week of life.

Background: Extremely preterm infants receive frequent blood transfusions in the first week of life. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of blood transfusion on intestinal blood flow and oxygenation during the first week of life in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design And Methods: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) and diastolic velocities were measured 30 to 60 minutes before and after transfusion.

Cerebral blood flow and oximetry response to blood transfusion in relation to chronological age in preterm infants.

Objective: Preterm infants frequently receive blood transfusion (BT) and the aim of this study was to measure the effect of BT on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in preterm infants in relation to chronological age.

Patients: Preterm infants undergoing intensive care recruited to three chronological age groups: 1 to 7 (Group 1; n=20), 8 to 28 (Group 2; n=21) & ≥29days of life (Group 3; n=18).

Methods: Pre and post-BT anterior cerebral artery (ACA) time averaged mean velocity (TAMV) and superior vena cava (SVC) flow were measured.

A Comparative Study of RIPASA Score and ALVARADO Score in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis.

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Different techniques have been devised to assist in equivocal cases in attempts to decrease negative appendicectomy rates. A number of scoring systems have been used for aiding in early diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its prompt management of which Alvarado score is the most popular.

Clear Cell Carcinoma of Cervix in a 60- year-old Woman: A Case Report.

Clear cell carcinoma of cervix is a rare entity amongst cervical neoplasms especially post diethylstilbestrol era. It is hypothesised to have a bimodal distribution with spontaneous cases unrelated to DES exposure observed in elderly age group. We report a rare case of clear cell carcinoma of cervix (CCCC) in a 60-year-old Asian female with no history of diethylstilbestrol (DES) ingestion.

Recent Trends in the Management of Thornwaldts cyst: A Case Report.

Tornwaldt's cyst is a benign cyst located in the upper posterior nasopharynx. It is a relatively rare lesion and most are small and asymptomatic whereas some cause nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, occipital headache or eustachian tube dysfunction. In our case a 28- year-old man presented with nasal obstruction since 10-years whose diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed a large well-encapsulated lesion arising from the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.