Placental Expression and Relative Role of Anti-inflammatory Annexin A1 and Animal Lectin Galectin-3 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) remains the major cause for maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity all over the world. Preeclampsia is associated with maternal, placental aggravated inflammatory response and generalized endothelial damage. AnnexinA1 (AnxA1) is glucocorticoid regulated protein regulates a wide range of cellular and molecular steps of the inflammatory response and is implicated in resolution of inflammation.

Covid-19-associated fungal osteomyelitis of jaws and sinuses: An experience-driven management protocol.

Unlabelled: Invasive fungal co-infections with COVID-19 are currently being reported at an alarming rate. Our study explores the importance of early identification of the disease, probable etiopathogenesis, clinical and radiological features and a treatment protocol for COVID-19 Associated Fungal Osteomyelitis of Jaws and Sinuses (CAFOJS). A one-year prospective study from June 2020 to May 2021 was conducted among CAFOJS diagnosed patients at a tertiary care center in South India.

An optimized protocol for total RNA isolation from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to identify the long non-coding RNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Approximately 93% of the human genome is translated into RNAs, of which only 2% code for proteins and the rest 98% are noncoding RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of > 200 nucleotides length that are emerging as novel players in the field of cancer diagnostics or prognostics. Recently, lncRNAs are known to be associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).

Comparison between caudal epidural and ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric block with bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia following pediatric inguinal hernia surgeries: A prospective randomized, double-blind study.

Background And Aims: Caudal epidural and ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric nerve (IL/IH) blocks are commonly used regional anesthesia techniques for postoperative analgesia in pediatric inguinal surgeries. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant has been proven to prolong the duration of both neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. We compared the duration of analgesia provided by local anesthetic (LA) and dexmedetomidine for caudal and IL/IH block for pediatric inguinal surgeries.

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in femoral nerve block for post-op pain relief in hip surgery: A prospective randomized double-blind controlled study.

Background And Aims: To determine whether the addition of dexmedetomidine either in peripheral block or via systemic route leads to prolongation of the duration of analgesia is inconclusive. The present study aimed to assess the duration of postoperative analgesia with dexmedetomidine used as an additive with bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) and to compare it with intramuscular dexmedetomidine along with FNB.

Material And Methods: A prospective, double-blind randomized clinical trial involving adult patients undergoing elective hip surgery, performed under subarachnoid block.

Tissue-Restricted Stem Cells as Starting Cell Source for Efficient Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have vast biomedical potential concerning disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and understanding organismal development. In the year 2006, a groundbreaking study reported the generation of iPSCs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by viral transduction of four transcription factors, namely, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Subsequently, human iPSCs were generated by reprogramming fibroblasts as a starting cell source using two reprogramming factor cocktails [(i) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, and (ii) OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28].

Renal Dysfunction in Prediabetes: Confirmed by Glomerular Hyperfiltration and Albuminuria.

Prediabetes is defined as an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with glucose levels above normal but below the diagnostic cutoff of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is considered as an important risk factor for the development of diabetes and complications associated with diabetes. Since glomerular hyperfiltration (elevated GFR) and albuminuria represent early and reversible stages of kidney damage seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, we aim to assess the impact of hyperglycemia in prediabetic range on renal functions measured by estimated GFR and urine albumin excretion (UAE).

Variations in the Anatomy of Spinal Accessory Nerve and its Landmarks for Identification in Neck Dissection: A Clinical Study.

Purpose: To assess the anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN), its variations and the landmark of level II B lymph nodes.

Methods: Prospective study included 50 patients from 2016 to 2018.The predictor variables were drawn from demographic details of the patients; SAN was analyzed intraoperatively with the parameters like the nerve relationship with the IJV, SCM muscle, contributions of cervical plexus and a new parameter of length from midpoint of clavicle to entry of nerve in the trapezius muscle in the lower part of neck which was studied for the first time and forms the prime identification landmark to preserve the nerve.

Unusual Gigantiform Angiomatosis of Jawbone.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight rare highly infiltrative massive Angiomatosis and depict surgical outcome of a rare case series of gigantic lesions in the maxillofacial region. Data were recorded from the medical records of patients. Predictor variables were drawn from demographics, age, gender, site, evaluation of surgical treatment.

An Overview on Promising Somatic Cell Sources Utilized for the Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in understanding developmental biology, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. The initial human iPSC studies used fibroblasts as a starting cell source to reprogram them; however, it has been identified to be a less appealing somatic cell source by numerous studies due to various reasons. One of the important criteria to achieve efficient reprogramming is determining an appropriate starting somatic cell type to induce pluripotency since the cellular source has a major influence on the reprogramming efficiency, kinetics, and quality of iPSCs.

Nailfold capillaroscopy changes associated with anti-RNP antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Anti-U1RNP antibody is associated with distinct organ involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) allows non-invasive assessment of microvascular abnormalities in several connective tissue diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the association of anti-U1RNP antibody with microvascular changes by NFC in RNP-positive SLE patients in comparison with RNP-negative SLE patients (negative disease controls) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) cases (positive disease controls).

Assessment of Donor Site Morbidity Following Fibula Flap Transfer.

Purpose: To assess donor site morbidity for patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction by fibula free flap.

Patients And Methods: The data were recorded from medical records and clinical questioner of patients from 2013 to 2016. Predictor variables were drawn from demographics of patients who had mandible defect reconstructed with free fibula flap.

Pre-operative and post-operative audiological assessment in cleft lip and palate patients-a prospective study.

Purpose: To assess association of audiological defects in cleft lip and palate (CLP) following two stage cheiloplasty and palatoplasty using clinical evaluation and otoscopy and effect of the surgical repair at an interval of one year.

Materials And Methods: A pilot research study was performed on sixty CLP patients of 1-6 years of age reporting at Craniofacial & Research Centre, Dharwad, India between October 2016 to October 2018.Subjects were assessed based on history, clinical examination and otoscopy for audiometric defects including Serous otitis media (SOM), retraction pockets, impacted wax pre-palatoplasty and findings were compared with control group.

Quality of life and mental health status of hansen disease patients, attending a designated leprosy care center in South-India.

Background: "Quality of life (QOL)" is relatively a new concept, which originates from the World Health Organization (WHO) "health" definition. The WHO defines "health" as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. It introduces a word, "well-being," which has two components, one the objective component and the second subjective component.

Estimation and correlation of serum and salivary glucose and immunoglobulin A levels and salivary candidal carriage in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

A correlation has been noted between diabetes mellitus (DM) and changes in the oral cavity. The present study aimed to estimate, compare, and correlate serum and salivary glucose and IgA levels and salivary candidal carriage in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Eighty-eight subjects were categorized into three groups: group 1 (controlled DM; n=27), group 2 (uncontrolled DM; n=32) and group 3 (non-diabetics; n=29).

Association of Low BMI with Aortic Stiffness in Young Healthy Individuals.

Background: Increased arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether low BMI has any detrimental effect on the arterial wall during young age.

Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine if low BMI can increase arterial stiffness in young, healthy individuals.

Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma of the Median Nerve: An Outcome of Surgical Management in Six Consecutive Cases.

Background: Lipoma is a nonneurogenic benign tumor. Neurolipoma and fibrolipomatous hamartoma are variants of this universal tumor. All these variants are grouped under lipomatosis of the nerve.

Practical approach for safe anesthesia in a COVID-19 patient scheduled for emergency laparotomy.

COVID-19 patients presenting for emergency laparotomy require evaluation of surgical illness and viral disease. As these patients are likely to have a wide spectrum of deranged physiology and organ dysfunction, optimization should start preoperatively and continue through intraoperative and postoperative recovery periods along with appropriate antimicrobial cover. The goal should be not to delay damage control surgery in favor of evaluation and optimization.

Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst: Rare cases from Indian Institutes.

Background: Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst (SEDAC), accounting for approximately 1% of all spinal lesions, rarely causes compressive myelopathy. It is usually found at lower thoracic or upper lumbar levels in males in their forties to sixties. The standard surgical procedures include direct dural repair.

Perioperative Glycemic Control in Patients who Underwent Cardiac Transplantation and Effect on the Outcome at Discharge in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Objectives: To study the glycemic status and insulin requirements in patients who underwent cardiac transplantation and to compare it among patients with and without diabetes mellitus. To compare preoperative glycemic status and perioperative insulin requirements with the outcome.

Methods And Materials: The retrospective data of the glycemic status of patients before and after cardiac transplantation were collected and analyzed.

Effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness: A systematic review.

Objectives: Arterial stiffness is a major cardiovascular (CV) risk and an independent strong predictor of CV morbidity and mortality. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical or interventional studies that assessed the effectiveness of yoga on arterial stiffness in participants of any age or sex, healthy or with any conditions.

Design: Systematic review of clinical trials or interventional studies.

Congenital Heart Diseases Associated With Cleft Lip and Palate and Its Impact on Surgical Treatment Planning of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the prevalence, type of congenital heart diseases (CHDs), and its association with cleft lip and/or palate and to know the impact of CHDs on surgical treatment planning of cleft lip and palate from a craniofacial hospital specializing in orofacial clefts, head and neck cancer, and trauma management.

Design: A total of 1381 patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate were included in the study. This is a hospital-based retro-prospective case record analysis.

PMMC Flap Revisited and its Clinical Outcome in 150 Patients.

Introduction: Pectoralis myocutaneous flap remains the workhorse for the reconstruction of large defects in the head and neck region despite free flaps gaining popularity; because of its drawbacks such as long operating hours, high cost and special skill techniques, it is not used in most of the institutions. Even in our institution, free tissue transfers are carried out on a regular basis, but there is a definite scope and role for PMMC flap in reconstruction. We present our experience with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in terms of postoperative complications, donor site morbidity, flap survival and long-term healing of the flap.