Clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: the results of a pooled analysis.

Background: The issue of retreatment with surfactant of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to identify possible clinical predictors of the need for multiple doses of surfactant in a large cohort of very preterm infants.

Methods: Data were analyzed from three previous studies on infants born between 25 and 31 weeks of gestation with RDS who were treated with surfactant.

An open-label, randomized phase III study of early switch maintenance vs delayed second-line nivolumab in advanced stage squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after standard first-line platinum-based chemotherapy-EDEN trial GOIRC 04-2016.

Background: As for squamous (Sq)-NSCLC, Checkmate-017 trial showed a significant overall survival (OS) improvement in favor of Nivolumab (Nivo) over Docetaxel in 2nd-line. We hypothesized that anticipating Nivo use, as early switch maintenance after 1st-line chemotherapy (CHT), might have improved survival as compared to delayed 2nd-line treatment.

Methods: EDEN was an open-label, 2-arm, phase III study which randomized (1:1) stage IIIB/IV Sq-NSCLC pts non-progressive after 1st-line platinum-based CHT, to receive early Nivo as switch maintenance (Arm A) or standard best supportive care followed by 2nd-line Nivo at disease progression (Arm B).

Lung UltrasouNd Guided surfactant therapy in preterm infants: an international multicenter randomized control trial (LUNG study).

Background: The management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature newborns is based on different types of non-invasive respiratory support and on surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) to avoid mechanical ventilation as it may eventually result in lung damage. European guidelines currently recommend SRT only when the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) exceeds 0.30.

[Covid-19 vaccines, Di Bella therapy, alternative medicine and the "experts": who to believe?].

The recent discussions on the efficacy and on the alleged harms caused by Covid-19 vaccines remind us of what happened 20 years ago with the Di Bella therapy, and always with alternative therapies, re-proposing a dilemma which, with the diffusion of communications though various media, is becoming increasingly topical: who is in the position to express opinions on technical topics in the health sector, worthy of being taken into consideration? The answer seems obvious: "the experts". But who decides who the experts are, and how do you recognize them? As paradoxical as it may seem, the only practicable system is to entrust the identification of experts to the experts themselves, the only ones able to recognize who can provide reliable answers on a specific problem. It is a system with huge flaws, but which in medicine has the advantage of forcing its interpreters to deal with the consequences of their choices, thus introducing a virtuous feedback mechanism with positive effects both on the selection of experts and on the decision-making mechanisms: it is therefore a system that seems to work in the medium-long term, but which in the face of an acute crisis is of little help to those who are not experts, but need the opinion of an expert.

[Intercultural health and the indigenous health model].

The indigenous population has lower living conditions reflected in higher morbidity and mortality despite the coverage of the Health System, so it is important to know the causes of these differences. For this, Interculturality is used as a bridge between western culture and indigenous culture. In this meeting of knowledge, the indigenous health model is identified as a cultural response to the need to maintain health and treat disease, a hierarchically organized model in which the health of the individual also depends on their habits, on harmony with nature, the spirit, the gods and their community.

[Underlying conditions on the southern border between Colombia and Venezuela to face the COVID-19 pandemic].

Objectives: To size human migration on the southern border between Colombia and Venezuela (Guainía department), and characterize the social, access and health care conditions relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Mixed epidemiological and ethnographic study. Rate of Venezuelan migrants was calculated according to Migration Colombia data until December 31st, 2019, also effective access to medical care, and provision of health posts were calculated, with information from each Guainía health post collected from June 2017 to June 2019, through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, Google Earth™ and Wikiloc™.

[Obstacles to malaria elimination in Guapi-Cauca, Colombia].

Objetive: To explain the obstacles for malaria elimination in Guapi (Cauca, Colombia), considering the community perception.

Method: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out in Guapi, from October to November 2016, through the content analysis of eight female volunteer's focus groups. Inductive and interpretive analyses were also performed.

Key performance indicators of breast cancer screening programmes in Italy, 2011-2019.

Introduction: Performance indicators for organised breast cancer screening programmes in Italy, 2011-2019, were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Aggregated data were gathered by the National Centre for Screening Monitoring from over 150 regional or sub-regional screening programmes in Italy. Invitation and examination coverage, participation rate (PR), recall rate (RR), detection rate, positive predictive value (PPV) for the target population as a whole (women aged 50-69), by 5-year age-class, geographical macro-area (North, Centre, South-Islands with the exception of three Regions for missing/uncomplete data) and Region were estimated.

Enteral and Parenteral Treatment with Caffeine for Preterm Infants in the Delivery Room: A Randomised Trial.

Background: Early treatment with caffeine in the delivery room (DR) has been proposed to decrease the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) by limiting episodes of apnoea and improving respiratory mechanics in preterm infants. Our aim was to verify the hypothesis that intravenous or enteral administration of caffeine can be performed in the preterm infant in the DR.

Methods: Infants with 25-29 weeks of gestational age were enrolled and randomised to receive 20 mg/kg of caffeine citrate intravenously, via the umbilical vein, or enterally, through an orogastric tube, within 10 min of birth.

[Strategies for malaria elimination: an Afro-Colombian perspective].

Objective: To describe strategies for malaria elimination based on the perception of Afro-Colombian residents in Guapi, in the context of the Integrated Management Strategy for the Promotion, Prevention and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases in Colombia (EGI-ETV).

Materials And Methods: Qualitative study based on focus group discourse analysis. Eight participants from the urban area of Guapi were divided into two groups.

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is threatening billions of people worldwide. Tocilizumab has shown promising results in retrospective studies in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with a good safety profile.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early tocilizumab administration vs standard therapy in preventing clinical worsening in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Lung recruitment before surfactant administration in extremely preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (IN-REC-SUR-E): a randomised, unblinded, controlled trial.

Background: The importance of lung recruitment before surfactant administration has been shown in animal studies. Well designed trials in preterm infants are absent. We aimed to examine whether the application of a recruitment manoeuvre just before surfactant administration, followed by rapid extubation (intubate-recruit-surfactant-extubate [IN-REC-SUR-E]), decreased the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h of life compared with no recruitment manoeuvre (ie, intubate-surfactant-extubate [IN-SUR-E]).

Changes in life expectancy for cancer patients over time since diagnosis.

The aims of this study were to provide life expectancy (LE) estimates of cancer patients at diagnosis and LE changes over time since diagnosis to describe the impact of cancer during patients' entire lives. Cancer patients' LE was calculated by standard period life table methodology using the relative survival of Italian patients diagnosed in population-based cancer registries in 1985-2011 with follow-up to 2013. Data were smoothed using a polynomial model and years of life lost (YLL) were calculated as the difference between patients' LE and that of the age- and sex-matched general population.

[Social image of physiotherapist in primary health care: A Chilean experience].

Objective: To describe the perceptions of primary care outpatients about the social image of physiotherapists and their professional role.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in patients over 18 years of age, who were recruited from three primary care centers of Valdivia, Chile. Based on saturation data criterion, 21 participants were enrolled using purposeful sampling.

[The Kangaroo Mother Care Program of Yopal, Colombia: an opportunity to keep track of preterm infants].

Objective: In Colombia, the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) is 12.8%. To describe a standardized follow-up until 12 months of 1138 premature and/or LBW included in the Yopal KMCP (2014 -2015).

[Consumption of energy drinks among students of Bogotá, Colombia].

Objective: To assess the pattern of energy drinks consumption in a sample of students from two public and two private schools of Bogotá.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study in a population of 671 students aged 10 to 20 years. Anthropometric measurements and a food consumption frequency survey were analyzed through a self-applied questionnaire.

A province-wide survey on self-reported language proficiency and its influence in global health education.

Objective: Literature has reported that language is the most common barrier in a health care setting and a risk factor associated with negative outcomes. The present study reports the differences between nursing students who speak one language and nursing students who speak two or more languages (self-reported language proficiency) and their skills and learning needs in global health.

Method: An observational cross-sectional study was performed among nursing students from five Ontario universities.

[Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in racing skaters in Villavicencio, Colombia].

Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and their relation to different presentation variables in inline speed skaters by age categories, between 8 and 23 years of age, from Villavicencio, Colombia.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional or prevalence analytical study was developed by applying an information collection instrument that was designed and validated qualitatively and quantitatively. The instrument included variables associated with the presentation of lesions organized in five domains.

[Costs of oral and nasogastric rehydration compared to intravenous rehydration in children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in Colombia].

Objective: To evaluate the costs of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and nasogastric rehydration therapy (NRT) compared with intravenous rehydration therapy (IRT) to treat dehydration in children under 5 years of age with diarrhea.

Methodology: Cost-minimization analysis from the perspective of the Colombian Health System, comparing ORT, (followed by NRT when ORT fails), with IRT. The time horizon was the duration of rehydration.

[The contribution of the Italian association of cancer registries (AIRTUM)].

The study of cluster requires the ability to identify, with accuracy and completeness, the health events of interest and their geographical location and time of occurrence. For rare and complex diseases, such as childhood cancers, it is possible to observe a significant health migration from the place of residence, which makes the detection even more complex. The best tool to identify these rare diseases is represented by cancer registries (CRs).