Reporting of concomitant and rescue topical therapies in atopic dermatitis randomised controlled trials evaluating a systemic treatment: a scoping review.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating new systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased dramatically over the last decade. These trials often incorporate topical therapies either as permitted concomitant or rescue treatments. Differential use of these topicals post-randomisation introduces potential bias as they may nullify or exaggerate treatment responses.

Urinary DNA Methylation Test for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis.

Importance: An accurate noninvasive biomarker test is needed for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a urinary DNA methylation test (PENK methylation) and compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test or urine cytology test.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prospective multicenter study at 10 sites in the Republic of Korea, individuals 40 years and older with hematuria undergoing cystoscopy within 3 months between March 11, 2022, and May 30, 2024, participated.

A Phase 3B, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of the Quadrivalent Meningococcal Nimenrix Vaccine When Given to Healthy Infants at 3 and 12 Months of Age.

Introduction: Infants and young children typically have the highest age-related risk of invasive meningococcal disease. The immunogenicity and safety of a single primary dose and a booster of a meningococcal A/C/W/Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT; Nimenrix) in infants were evaluated.

Methods: In this phase 3b, open-label, single-arm study, healthy 3-month-old infants received a single Nimenrix dose followed by a booster at age 12 months (1 + 1 series).

Ring Augmentation of the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of 5-Year Follow-Up Results.

Background: The ring-augmented Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (raRYGB) has been reported to result in higher long-term weight loss compared to regular Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, the type of ring used varied within studies, leading to heterogeneity in reported results. Therefore, this study compares the 5-year results of RYGB with and without ring augmentation using a specific prefabricated gastric ring.

The impact of a secondary, rare, non-pathogenic PKD1 variant on disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused primarily by pathogenic variants in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Although the type of ADPKD variant can influence disease severity, rare, hypomorphic PKD1 variants have also been reported to modify disease severity or cause biallelic ADPKD. This study examines whether rare, additional, potentially protein-altering, non-pathogenic PKD1 variants contribute to ADPKD phenotypic outcomes.

Advances in biotechnology and breeding innovations in China's marine aquaculture.

Biotechnology is the key driving force behind the sustainable development of aquaculture, as biological innovation would significantly improve the capabilities of aquatic breeding and achieve independent and controllable seeding sources to ensure food safety. In this article, we have analyzed the current status and existing problems of marine aquaculture in China. Based on these data, we have summarized the recent (especially the last 10 years) biotechnological innovation and breeding progress of marine aquaculture in China, including whole genome sequencing, sex-related marker screening, genomic selection, and genome editing, as well as progress of improved marine fish varieties in China.

RNA structure: implications in viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases.

RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein, a catalyzer of biochemical reactions, and a regulator of genes and transcripts. RNA structures are essential for complicated functions. Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in RNA secondary structure probing techniques.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide insights into the biosynthesis of militarine in the cell suspension culture system of Bletilla striata.

Militarine is a monomer molecule with abundant and distinctive biological properties, also the lead member of secondary metabolites in Bletilla striata, while its biosynthesis mechanism is still unknown. To improve the production efficiency of militarine, sodium acetate and salicylic acid (SA) were introduced as elicitors into the suspension-cultured callus of B. striata.

A comprehensive review of factors affecting growth and secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown medicinal plants.

Optimizing environmental factors can significantly increase the growth and secondary metabolite synthesis of hydroponically grown medicinal plants. This approach can help increase the quality and quantity of pharmacologically important metabolites to enhance therapeutic needs. Medicinal plants are key therapeutic sources for treating various ailments.

Higher bone mineral density at six years of age in very preterm-born infants fed human milk compared to formula feeding. A secondary analysis of an RCT.

Unlabelled: In very preterm-born infants, nutritional intake is important to reduce the risk of severe metabolic bone disease including the risk of a lower bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD (measured as BMC per bone area (BA)) at six years of age in very preterm-born infants fed different diets post-discharge. Data on this topic so far is insufficient, and with this study we aim to supply more useful data.

Maternal and Infant Outcomes in a Subset of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in South Carolina.

Objectives: Sickle cell disease (SCD), which disproportionately affects minorities, increases complications during pregnancy. Severe maternal mortality is increased in women with SCD, including morbidity related to the disease and other nondisease-related complications. It also can have devastating complications for fetuses, with increases in premature birth and low birth weight.

Past and future in vitro and in vivo approaches toward circulating factors and biomarkers in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Predicting the risks of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) and recurrence of the disease (rNS) following kidney transplantation (KT) is a key assessment to provide essential management information. NS has been categorized etiologically as genetic and immune-based. A genetic cause can be identified in ~ 30% of children with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS), a finding associated with a very low risk of rNS following KT.

Efficacy and Tolerance of the Tampsec Vaginal Tampon for Treating Stress Urinary Incontinence. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a highly prevalent condition in women. We hypothesized that the Tampsec™ vaginal tampon will be efficacious and well tolerated in its treatment.

Methods: This was a multicenter open-label parallel-group randomized control trial.

Serine Hydrolase-Catalyzed Polyol Lipids are Necessary for Rodlet Layer Formation on the Cell Wall of Entomopathogenic Fungi.

Some key secondary metabolism genes are important for driving the infection process of entomopathogenic fungi; however, their chemical substance basis has not been well investigated. Here, mixtures of polyol lipids are discovered, which are synthesized through iterative chain transfer-esterification-hydrolysis cycles catalyzed by serine hydrolase during the release of online highly reducing polyketide intermediates. Importantly, an gene knockout experiment revealed that the synthesis of polyol lipids is necessary for rodlet layer formation on the cell wall of .

Infection-Related Hospitalization and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: The immune response to infections may become dysregulated and promote myocardial damage contributing to heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between infection-related hospitalization (IRH) and HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods And Results: We studied 14 468 adults aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study who were HF free at visit 1 (1987-1989).

Choosing the right signaling pathway: hormone responses to Phytophthora cinnamomi during compatible and incompatible interactions with chestnut (Castanea spp.).

Ink disease caused by the hemibiotrophic root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is devastating for the European chestnut (Castanea sativa), unlike Asian chestnuts and interspecific hybrids which are resistant to Pc. The role that hormone responses play for Pc resistance remains little understood, especially regarding the temporal regulation of hormone responses. We explored the relationship between changes in tree health and physiology and alterations in leaf and root phytohormones and primary and secondary metabolites during compatible and incompatible Castanea spp.

Plasmids encode and can mobilize onion pathogenicity in Pantoea agglomerans.

Pantoea agglomerans is one of four Pantoea species reported in the USA to cause bacterial rot of onion bulbs. However, not all P. agglomerans strains are pathogenic to onion.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential roles of polyamine and proline metabolism in waterlogged peach roots inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica.

Root-associated endophytic fungi can create symbiotic relationships with trees to enhance stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms, especially with regard to waterlogging tolerance, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on the growth, root cross-section structure, and root transcriptional responses of peach under waterlogging stress, with a focus on polyamine and proline metabolism. Genes and transcription factors associated with secondary cell wall biosynthesis were selected, and their expression profiles were analyzed.

Differences in Combustible Cigarette Smoking-Related Biomarkers by Hormonal Contraceptive Use: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which contain synthetic forms of estrogen (i.e., ethinyl estradiol) and/or progesterone (i.

Centralization of prior authorization services at a community health system's infusion clinics.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Neuroradiological Correlates of Abnormal Pupillary Light Reflex Findings Among Patients in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Changes in pupil reactivity secondary to cerebral mass effect are traditionally linked to compression of the oculomotor nerve by the uncus or by horizontal midbrain displacement. The neurological pupil index (NPi) is a metric to assess the pupillary light reflex. This study explores the relationship of midline shift, cisternal, and sulcal effacement or ventricular compression in patients with a new finding of abnormal pupillary light reflex.

A high-resolution view of RNA endonuclease cleavage in Bacillus subtilis.

RNA endonucleases are the rate-limiting initiator of decay for many bacterial mRNAs. However, the positions of cleavage and their sequence determinants remain elusive even for the well-studied Bacillus subtilis. Here we present two complementary approaches-transcriptome-wide mapping of endoribonucleolytic activity and deep mutational scanning of RNA cleavage sites-that reveal distinct rules governing the specificity among B.

G-quadruplex structures in 16S rRNA regions correlate with thermal adaptation in prokaryotes.

G-quadruplex (G4) structure is a nucleic acid secondary structure formed by guanine-rich sequences, playing essential roles in various biological processes such as gene regulation and environmental stress adaptation. Although prokaryotes growing at high temperatures have higher GC contents, the pattern of G4 structure associated with GC content variation in thermal adaptation remains elusive. This study analyzed 681 bacterial genomes to explore the role of G4 structures in thermal adaptation.

RNA G-quadruplex structure-based PROTACs for targeted DHX36 protein degradation and gene activity modulation in mammalian cells.

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) are non-canonical secondary nucleic acid structures found in the transcriptome. They play crucial roles in gene regulation by interacting with G4-binding proteins (G4BPs) in cells. rG4-G4BP complexes have been associated with human diseases, making them important targets for drug development.