Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma - An Incidental Diagnosis.

Aim This case report highlights the importance of preoperative assessment of calcium in all cases of thyroid surgery. Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma (IPA) is a rare presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. It is caused by abnormal embryonic migration of parathyroid glands and is difficult to detect preoperatively.

Qualitative Study to Identify Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Challenges of Family Adoption Programs among Students.

Background: National Medical Commission (NMC) in their recent notification included Family Adoption Program (FAP) in the undergraduate curriculum to provide a learning opportunity towards community-based health care to Indian medical graduates. This study is carried out to explore and know strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of FAP.

Materials And Methods: FAP were used to gather data using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews of the stakeholders of the program.

Across Time: A Chronological Progression of Clinical Trials in India.

The journey of clinical research in India spans centuries, marked by significant milestones and advancements in scientific, ethical, and regulatory domains. From early trials conducted by pioneers like James Lind to modern standards shaped by landmark events such as the Nuremberg Code and the adoption of Good Clinical Practice guidelines, India's progression reflects a commitment to ethical conduct and patient welfare. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has played a pivotal role in this evolution, establishing national research centers and ethical committees to oversee biomedical research.

Effect of Tobacco Use on Semen in Infertile Male.

Background/objective/methods: Infertility is one of the major global public health issues. In a social setup like India, there is a strong emphasis on childbearing, which leads to economic and psychological stress and trauma. Various studies have shown that worldwide, there is a decline in the quality of semen.

Study of Head Trauma through Computed Tomography.

Objective: Primary brain injuries, which are the result of severe head trauma and cannot be prevented, are always catastrophic and fatal. Yet, if diagnostic and therapeutic steps are taken promptly after a craniocerebral injury, further brain insults may be prevented and the victim's death can be avoided within 24 hours.

Materials And Methods: Source of data, sample size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, statistical methods.

Impact of Meniscus Repair in Conjunction With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Functional Outcomes at Six Months.

Background and aim Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur along with menisci tears. ACL reconstruction with meniscectomy has long been the preferred technique for such injuries; however, it has been postulated to increase the chances of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, recent techniques have involved preserving menisci while reconstructing ACL to prevent OA and improve overall functional outcomes.

Dietary Practices Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Visiting a Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Clinic in a District of Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Diabetes is becoming a major public health problem in the country. One of the most important lifestyle modifications necessary for diabetic patients is maintaining healthy dietary choices. These modifications in dietary practices are supposed to be followed lifelong, along with medication, for better glycemic control.

A Growing Concern: The Prevalence of Self-Medication in Pediatric Healthcare in India.

Self-medication, the practice of using medications without a valid prescription based on self-diagnosed symptoms, has become a global phenomenon, with a significant presence in developing nations like India. This inclination often arises from the desire to reduce healthcare costs and save time, though it carries inherent risks, including serious adverse effects and the potential masking of chronic disease symptoms. In India, the prevalence of self-medication varies widely, with factors such as media-driven advertisements, positive attitudes, and financial constraints contributing to its adoption, especially among lower- and middle-income families.

Statistics in the Operating Room: A Cardiovascular Surgeon's Guide to Numbers That Matter.

Pediatric cardiac surgery demands meticulous technique, but optimal outcomes hinge on translating data into actionable insights. This editorial bridges the gap between scalpel and statistical jargon, empowering surgeons to decipher common tests. Descriptive statistics paint portraits of patient cohorts, while hypothesis testing discerns real differences from chance.

The Myths, Perils, and Pitfalls of Redo Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: The New Normal in Developing Countries Such as India.

Pediatric patients undergoing reoperative cardiac surgery after a previous sternotomy face a higher degree of surgical complexity compared to those undergoing initial procedures. They have higher intraoperative and postoperative risks. The increased risk of surgery is due to preoperative patient factors and intraoperative technical challenges.

The Pharmacological Frontier in Pediatric Heart Failure Management: Innovations and Prospects.

Pediatric heart failure, encompassing a diverse range of conditions, imposes a significant burden despite its relatively low incidence. The contemporary landscape, with infants constituting a majority of admissions, underscores the need for specialized attention. This editorial delves into the evolving pharmacological interventions for pediatric heart failure, emphasizing the nuances of managing congenital heart defects, genetic factors, and diverse etiologies.

Hemi-Diaphragm Plication and/or Tracheostomy Are Valuable Adjunctive Procedures After Repair of Congenital Heart Defects in Children: A Systematic Review.

Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP), whether unilateral or bilateral, often leads to extended recovery and more severe complications, particularly in neonates and infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. This condition's impact is most pronounced after single-ventricle palliative procedures. Tracheostomy prevalence is rising in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) despite its association with high resource utilization and in-hospital mortality.

The Utility of Invengenx® Bovine Patch for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) Reconstruction and Augmentation in the Surgical Management of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): A Contemporary Study and Review of the Literature.

Background and objective Complex congenital heart diseases (CHDs), such as the tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), often warrant reconstruction and augmentation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). This procedure requires the use of both synthetic and natural materials. However, finding the ideal material for tissue implants can be challenging.

Revival of Brock's Operation for Intermediary Palliation of Fallot's Tetralogy in Children Anatomically Unsuitable for One-Stage Total Correction of the Anomaly: Interim Results of Two Cases.

One-stage total correction is known to be anatomically unsuitable for correcting tetralogy of fallot (TOF) in a certain proportion of children. Surgeons are thus faced with dilemmas regarding which preliminary operation for the anomaly to do first. Brock's primary postulation suggests that pulmonary trunk and annulus enlargement leading to the correction of the outflow obstruction will favor the subsequent total correction.

Risk factors of sepsis and prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in pediatric cardiac surgery in tertiary care teaching rural hospital in India: A retrospective observational study.

Background And Aims: Cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass result in an immunoparalyzed state in children making them susceptible to sepsis and other hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, identification of the risk factors of sepsis would lead to appropriate management. The current study seeks to evaluate the prevalence of sepsis and risk factors linked to sepsis in pediatric cardiac surgical patients and the subsequent prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms.

Mid-Term Outlook Following Modified Senning's Operation for the Correction of Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

At the time of writing, two patients who underwent modified Senning's operation (MSO) for the treatment of transposition of great arteries (TGAs) were followed up. At the time of surgery, the patients were three months and 15 years old, respectively. The duration of the follow-up was three years, during which there was a good prognosis, and hence no further invasive treatments were required.

Comparison of heart rate variability in normotensive and hypertensive Indian adults.

Autonomic imbalance is seen in hypertensive. This study was designed to compare heart rate variability in normotensive and hypertensive Indian adults. HRV records beat to beat variation in R-R intervals in milliseconds in electrocardiogram.

Utility of Conventional but Late Pulmonary Artery Banding in Complex Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease in a Toddler - A Single Case Scenario.

Newborns with untreated single ventricles develop pulmonary vascular diseases early in their lives. At that age, during the first eight weeks after birth, clinicians perform pulmonary artery (PA) banding to reduce the blood flow to the lung, decreasing the likelihood of future high vascular resistance or pressure. PA banding is also considered an initial stage in the process of single ventricle palliation procedures.