The FAIR database: facilitating access to public health research literature.

Objectives: In public health, access to research literature is critical to informing decision-making and to identify knowledge gaps. However, identifying relevant research is not a straightforward task since public health interventions are often complex, can have positive and negative impacts on health inequalities and are applied in diverse and rapidly evolving settings. We developed a "living" database of public health research literature to facilitate access to this information using Natural Language Processing tools.

SENP3-FIS1 axis promotes mitophagy and cell survival under hypoxia.

SUMOylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, and its reversal, deSUMOylation by SUMO proteases like Sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs), are crucial for initiating cellular responses to hypoxia. However, their roles in subsequent adaptation processes to hypoxia such as mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) remain unexplored. Here, we show that general SUMOylation, particularly SUMO2/3 modification, suppresses mitophagy under both normoxia and hypoxia.

Deciphering the Role of ASPM in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Multicohort Study.

Background: Assembly factor for spindle microtubules (ASPM) has gained significant attention in cancer research due to its association with tumor growth and progression. Through the analysis of large-scale genomic datasets, ASPM has been identified as the top upregulated gene in breast cancer (BC), characterized by high proliferation. This multicohort study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of ASPM mRNA and protein expression in BC.

A Focus Group Discussion Study Exploring General Surgery Trainees' Views on Evidence-Based Medicine Within Their Training Program in the United Kingdom.

Introduction: Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) is fundamental to modern healthcare and its integration into postgraduate curricula is strongly advocated. Despite its relevance, incorporating EBM in postgraduate training, specifically in general surgery, is fraught with challenges. This study aims to explore the perceptions of general surgical trainees regarding EBM, focusing on the process of achieving competency, assessment and its associated challenges.

Paired and solitary ionocytes in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium.

The sense of smell is generated by electrical currents that are influenced by the concentration of ions in olfactory sensory neurons and mucus. In contrast to the extensive morphological and molecular characterization of sensory neurons, there has been little description of the cells that control ion concentrations in the zebrafish olfactory system. Here, we report the molecular and ultrastructural characterization of zebrafish olfactory ionocytes.

Preferential nitrogen and carbon exchange dynamics in Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte"-plant symbiosis.

Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte" (MFRE) fungi are an understudied group of plant symbionts that regularly co-occur with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The functional significance of MFRE in plant nutrition remains underexplored, particularly their role in plant nitrogen (N) assimilation from the variety of sources typically found in soils. Using four N-labeled N sources to track N transfer between MFRE and Plantago lanceolata, applied singly and in tandem, we investigated N source discrimination, preference, and transfer to host plants by MFRE.

The Drosophila adult midgut progenitor cells arise from asymmetric divisions of neuroblast-like cells.

The Drosophila adult midgut progenitor cells (AMPs) give rise to all cells in the adult midgut epithelium, including the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). While they share many characteristics with the ISCs, it remains unclear how they are generated in the early embryo. Here, we show that they arise from a population of endoderm cells, which exhibit multiple similarities with Drosophila neuroblasts.

Combined query embroidery image retrieval based on enhanced CNN and blend transformer.

Embroidery images carry rich historical information and are an important form of embroidery art. In the field of combination query image retrieval, how to efficiently retrieve the embroidery image information required by users has become a current research challenge. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved significant success in image feature extraction, but they tend to focus on local information, making it easy to ignore global context information when processing such textured embroidery images.

Resonant Vibrational Enhancement of Downhill Energy Transfer in the -Phycocyanin Chromophore Dimer.

Energy transfer between electronically coupled photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna pigments is frequently assisted by protein and chromophore nuclear motion. This energy transfer mechanism usually occurs in the weak or intermediate system-bath coupling regime. Redfield theory is frequently used to describe the energy transfer in this regime.

Enhancing Accuracy of Flame Equivalence Ratio Measurements: An Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Overcoming Limitations in Traditional Color Modeling.

This paper addresses the inherent limitations in traditional color modeling techniques for measuring the flame equivalence ratio (), particularly focusing on the subjectivity involved in threshold settings and the challenges posed by uneven 2D color distribution. To overcome these issues, this study introduces an attention-based convolutional neural network () model, a novel approach that transcends the conventional reliance on B/G color features (). The model leverages adaptive feature extraction, augmented by a spatial attention mechanism, to more effectively analyze flame images.

Fabrication of Anthocyanidin-Encapsulated Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Membrane for Smart Packaging.

Smart colorimetric packaging has been an important method to protect human health from external hazardous agents. However, the currently available colorimetric detectors use synthetic dye probes, which are costly, toxic, difficult to prepare, and non-biodegradable. Herein, an environmentally friendly cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-supported polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membrane was developed for the colorimetric monitoring of food spoilage.

Effects of burning on vegetation, soil physicochemistry and prokaryotic microbial communities in surface and subsurface peat.

Prescribed burning is a common management strategy in peatlands that has the potential to affect soil physicochemistry, alter biogeochemical cycles and trigger changes in vegetation structure. How burning affects prokaryotic community composition across different soil profiles is not well understood. This study explored the effects of prescribed burning on the diversity of prokaryotic communities in peat soils.

Coupling of twelve putative chromosomal inversions maintains a strong barrier to gene flow between snail ecotypes.

Chromosomal rearrangements can lead to the coupling of reproductive barriers, but whether and how they contribute to the completion of speciation remains unclear. Marine snails of the genus repeatedly form hybrid zones between populations segregating for multiple inversion arrangements, providing opportunities to study their barrier effects. Here, we analyzed 2 adjacent transects across hybrid zones between 2 ecotypes of ("large" and "dwarf") adapted to different wave exposure conditions on a Swedish island.

Not so social in old age: demography as one driver of decreasing sociality.

Humans become more selective with whom they spend their time, and as a result, the social networks of older humans are smaller than those of younger ones. In non-human animals, processes such as competition and opportunity can result in patterns of declining sociality with age. While there is support for declining sociality with age in mammals, evidence from wild bird populations is lacking.

Automated Quantification of Simple and Complex Aortic Flow Using 2D Phase Contrast MRI.

(1) : Flow assessment using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides important implications in determining physiologic parameters and clinically important markers. However, post-processing of CMR images remains labor- and time-intensive. This study aims to assess the validity and repeatability of fully automated segmentation of phase contrast velocity-encoded aortic root plane.

The long-term effect of the coronavirus pandemic on parkrun participation: an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: The growth of parkrun between 2004 and 2019 has been heralded as a success story for public health as a result of its physical activity and wellbeing benefits for participants. However, parkrun was not immune from the COVID-19 pandemic - with events in mainland England cancelled from March 2020 to July 2021. This study explores the lasting impact of the pandemic on parkrun participation to February 2023, and its implications across the socioeconomic spectrum.

Zebrafish reveal new roles for Fam83f in hatching and the DNA damage-mediated autophagic response.

The FAM83 (ily with sequence similarity ) family is highly conserved in vertebrates, but little is known of the functions of these proteins beyond their association with oncogenesis. Of the family, FAM83F is of particular interest because it is the only membrane-targeted FAM83 protein. When overexpressed, FAM83F activates the canonical Wnt signalling pathway and binds to and stabilizes p53; it therefore interacts with two pathways often dysregulated in disease.