Etoposide in combination as first-line chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin disease. A Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

Background: In a pilot study, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) incorporated etoposide into primary combination therapy for advanced Hodgkin disease.

Methods: Thirty-six evaluable patients were treated with two or three courses of methotrexate, vincristine, prednisone, leucovorin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (MOPLEC), and then treated with five to seven additional courses of a known "curative" regimen: nitrogen mustard, vinblastine, prednisone, and procarbazine (MVPP).

Results: After treatment with MOPLEC, there were 16 complete responders (44%) and 18 partial responders (50%).

Aging and development of ovarian epithelial carcinoma: the relevance of changes in ovarian stromal androgen production.

There are three types of ovarian neoplasms: (1) Those which arise from the surface epithelium covering the ovary. (2) Those which are derived from the cortical mesenchymal stroma. (3) Those which develop from germ cells.

Radial head fractures and their effect on the distal radioulnar joint. A rationale for treatment.

Nineteen patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation for radial head fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed to avoid radial head excision and the possible development of distal radioulnar joint dysfunction. Follow-up observation, which averaged 11.

Regulation of NF-kappa B activity in murine macrophages: effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and phorbol ester.

Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) has been shown to play an important role in LPS-mediated induction of several genes in macrophages. Several studies have implicated protein kinase C (PKC) or cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the regulation of NF-kappa B activity. In this study we have investigated the mechanism of NF-kappa B induction in murine macrophages.

Do propriospinal projections contribute to hindlimb recovery when all long tracts are cut in neonatal or weanling rats?

Lateral hemisection lesions separated by 1 to 3 spinal segments were made on opposite sides of the mithoracic spinal cord in 1-month-old (N = 15; weanling operates) and newborn albino rats (N = 16; neonatal operates). Hindlimb behavior was assessed between 1 and 6 months p.o.

Frog tectal efferent axons fail to regenerate within the CNS but grow within peripheral nerve implants.

Tectal efferent axons, located adjacent to the optic tract, fail to regenerate past diencephalic lesions in Rana pipiens even though optic axons regenerate after the same injury (M. J. Lyon and D.

Lupron retards proliferation of ovarian epithelial tumor cells cultured in serum-free medium.

Some patients with recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer respond favorably to treatment with GnRH agonists. This effect was proposed to be mediated by suppression of pituitary gonadotropin release. The present in vitro study investigated effects of human gonadotropin (Pergonal LH/FSH, 1:1) and Lupron, a GnRH agonist, on proliferation of an ovarian cancer cell line, 2774, which is estrogen receptor negative and grows well in serum-free, defined medium.

Structures of glycophosphosphingolipids of Tritrichomonas foetus: a novel glycophosphosphingolipid.

The glycophosphosphingolipids of Tritrichomonas foetus, an aerotolerant parasite of the urogenital tract of cattle, have been characterized by a combination of metabolic labeling, chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. The acidic glycolipid fraction of T. foetus obtained by DEAE Sephadex A-25 column chromatography was subfractionated by high performance thin layer chromatography and the component lipids were purified by high performance liquid chromatography.

Regulation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in a macrophage-like cell line: synergistic induction by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and cAMP.

The ability of the promotor/enhancer region of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene to respond to various stimuli was studied. This region was subcloned into multiple fragments and these were inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene on an expression vector, pBLCAT3. These ODC/CAT constructs were transfected into a mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.

New method of transplanting purified glial cells into the brain.

This paper describes a new transplantation method for testing the ability of purified populations of glial cells to support axonal growth in the brains of adult animals. Thin tubes, rolled from porous polycarbonate film, are coated with poly-L-lysine and filled with cultured Schwann cells. Schwann cell-filled tubes or control tubes (poly-L-lysine coated only) are then implanted into the brains of adult rats so that one end of the tube is in the thalamus and the other extends extracranially.

Secretagogues increase apical membrane conductance of isolated bullfrog corneal epithelium pretreated with loop diuretics.

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) corneas were mounted in an Ussing type chamber and impaled with an intracellular microelectrode and the short circuit current was inhibited by pretreatment with the loop diuretics furosemide (0.3 to 1 mM) or bumetanide (10 to 100 microM). Subsequent addition of the secretagogues prostaglandin E2, forskolin, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) caused the fractional voltage drop of the apical barrier to decrease from 0.

Amphetamine-induced rotation reveals post 6-OHDA lesion neurochemical reorganization.

Early postlesion amphetamine-induced contralateral rotation has been linked to intraneuronal dopamine (DA) accumulation and transmitter release associated with axonal degeneration. Animals in the present study sustained severe unilateral depletion of striatal DA with or without a near-complete loss of ipsilateral mesolimbic DA. Contralateral rotation to 1.

Effects of antimycotic azoles on growth and sterol biosynthesis of Leishmania promastigotes.

Promastigotes of 36 World Health Organization reference (and other) strains of 6 species and 10 subspecies of Leishmania were cultured in the presence of 3 antimycotic azole drugs (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole) and their population growth determined. A representative of each subspecies was also analyzed for its sterol composition. For all strains the order of azole drug activity with respect to both growth and sterol biosynthesis inhibition was itraconazole greater than or equal to ketoconazole greater than fluconazole.

Ethanol potentiates GABA- and glycine-induced chloride currents in chick spinal cord neurons.

The effects of acute ethanol exposure of chick spinal cord neurons were studied in tissue culture, using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. Results indicate that ethanol produces a persistent increase in the sensitivity of spinal neurons to GABA and glycine, with no change in input resistance or resting membrane potential. Glutamate responses, in contrast, are unaffected by ethanol.

Preserving feet in the uremic diabetic: the physician's role.

We report the results of a study of 40 consecutive conditions seen in 38 ambulatory diabetics at a municipal hospital podiatry clinic and a university hospital nephrology clinic. The vast majority (92.5%) were preventable, had appropriate foot care procedures been followed.

Bipolar affective disorder. II. EEG, neuropsychological, and clinical correlates of CT abnormality.

Since the clinical significance of CT abnormalities found in bipolar patients remains obscure, we studied 26 DSM-III bipolar patients who had specific CT abnormalities (third ventricle enlargement, and hyperdensity of the caudate, thalamus, anterior frontal white matter, and right temporal lobe) on numerous parameters such as EEG, the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, premorbid personality adjustment, family history of affective disorder, positive and negative symptoms, employment history, and response to lithium carbonate treatment. None of these measures could differentiate between the CT abnormal and CT normal subgroups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Bipolar affective disorder. I. Comprehensive quantitative computed tomography.

Based on clinical similarities with schizophrenics and previous computed tomography (CT) studies that found distinct structural abnormalities in the brains of bipolar patients, we evaluated 26 DSM-III bipolar patients and 22 controls by CT, using quantitative measures of ventricular and sulcal size and of cerebral parenchymal density. Third ventricle size was increased, as was periventricular and cortical density. Comparison is made with results found in other psychotic conditions and the possible etiopathological significance discussed.

Developmental angiogenesis: quail embryonic vasculature.

We have examined the segregation and early morphogenesis of the embryonic vasculature by using a monoclonal antibody for immunofluorescence and by scanning electron microscopy. This antibody labels the presumptive endothelial cells (PECs) as they segregate from mesoderm. Similar embryos prepared for SEM revealed finer details of how these segregated cells interact to form the rudiments of the major blood vessels.

A behavioral methodology for assessing non-motoric deficits in the dopamine denervated rat.

Tests of sensory-motor functions in rats with deficits in brain dopamine have generally relied on responses mediated by the dopamine-deficient hemisphere for the expression of the animals' behavioral response to stimulation. The present report demonstrates that in rats with unilateral denervation of dopamine neurons, a lateralized attenuation of behavioral response to nociceptive stimulation can be observed when the indicator response is not mediated by the dopamine-deficient hemisphere. Two readily measured responses to footshock, one unconditioned (i.

Application of the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of rotational behavior to the study of conditioned drug effects.

In rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra apomorphine reliably induces a response of contralateral rotation. The present study shows that this response can readily be conditioned to a test environment which the rats are briefly exposed to during the onset of the apomorphine-induced rotation. This conditioned response can be repeatedly conditioned, extinguished, and differentially conditioned, thereby providing a useful behavioral model for the study of the conditioning of drug-induced movements.

Analysis of blood HETE levels by selected ion monitoring with ricinoleic acid as the internal standard.

Selected ion monitoring of mass fragments of peaks from capillary gas chromatograms permits a sensitive and selective analysis of positional isomers of hydroxy-eicosanoids (as their methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives). Because deuterated analogs of these HETEs are not readily available, stable isotope dilution cannot be easily performed. We have developed a method for the quantitation of HETEs using ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-oleic acid) as an internal standard.

Tegument galactosylceramides of the cestode Spirometra mansonoides.

The brush border-like surface of the tegument of the adult and the plerocercoid larva of a pseudophyllidean cestode, Spirometra mansonoides, has been shown to contain hydroxylated galactosylceramides. D-Galactosyl-N-(2-D-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-D-phytosphingosine, D-galactosyl-N-(2-D-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-D-dihydrosphingosine and D-galactosyl-N-(octadecanoyl)-D-phytosphingosine were identified as major glycosphingolipids in a tegumental plasma membrane fraction with associated microtriches, by combinations of chromatography (column, high performance thin-layer, gas-liquid), mass spectrometry (electron impact, field desorption, fast atom bombardment, collisionally induced decomposition) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Galactosylceramides with hydroxylated long chain bases and fatty acids are known to occur in some eukaryotic microbes and in cells of vertebrate tissues exposed to plasma membrane destabilizing environments.

Post-trial hormonal treatment effects: memory modulation or perceptual distortion?

An extensive literature has developed in recent years demonstrating that a variety of peripheral-acting hormonal and pharmacological treatments, administered in post-trial learning paradigms, can substantially influence memory. Careful analysis of the effects of such treatments in passive avoidance paradigms has provided evidence for an interaction between these treatments and the hormonal and physiological events triggered by the noxious stimulation used to induce passive avoidance behavior. The argument developed in this paper is that such post-trial manipulations distort the relationship between the intensity of the noxious stimulus and its physiological sequelae.