Long-Term Ventilation in Children with Medical Complexity: A Challenging Issue.

Children with medical complexity (CMCs) represent a subgroup of children who may have congenital or acquired multisystemic disease. CMCs are frequently predisposed to respiratory problems and often require long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV). The indications for LTMV in CMCs are increasing, but gathering evidence about indications, titration, and monitoring is currently the most difficult challenge due to the absence of validated data.

Genomic and Immune Approach in Platinum Refractory HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Immunotherapy: A Novel Combined Profile.

Introduction: Only a minority of patients with platinum refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (PR/HNSCC) gain some lasting benefit from immunotherapy.

Methods: The combined role of the comprehensive genomic (through the FoundationOne Cdx test) and immune profiles of 10 PR/HNSCC patients treated with the anti-PD-1 nivolumab was evaluated. The immune profiles were studied both at baseline and at the second cycle of immunotherapy, weighing 20 circulating cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, and 14 soluble immune checkpoints dosed through a multiplex assay.

Mechanical recovery plug for left ventricular assist device explantation.

Myocardial recovery occurs in approximately 5% of left ventricular assist device recipients. In selected patients, it is possible to electively perform left ventricular assist device explantation after accurate myocardial function recovery assessment. Several surgical approaches and techniques have been reported in the literature that focus on left ventricular assist device removal and preservation of left ventricular geometry.

Is Overtaking Group B in Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis.

The widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent group B (GBS) early-onset sepsis (EOS) is changing the epidemiology of EOS. Italian prospective area-based surveillance data (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020) were used, from which we identified 64 cases of culture-proven EOS (, = 39; GBS, = 25) among 159,898 live births (annual incidence rates of 0.24 and 0.

The Antiproliferative Activity of High-Dose Somatostatin Analogs in Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The antiproliferative activity of a high dose of somatostatin analogs (HD-SSA) in treating gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) remains under debate. Methods: A systematic review and proportion meta-analysis were made. The primary endpoint was the efficacy measured as incidence density ratio (IDR) at one year.

3D measurement techniques for the hindfoot alignment angle from weight-bearing CT in a clinical population.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans now enable accurate measurements on foot skeletal structures with the advantage of observing these in 3D and in weight-bearing. Among the most common skeletal deformities, the varus/valgus of the hindfoot is the most complex to be represented, and a number of measure proposals have been published. This study aims to analyze and to compare these measurements from CBCT scans in a real clinical population with large such deformity.

Endometrial carcinomas with dyshesive, eosinophilic, and vacuolated (histiocyte-like) tumor cells: a reactive-like phenotype associated with aggressive behavior.

Herein, we present a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of four cases of endometrial carcinoma (EC) diffusely exhibiting dyshesive cells with wide eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm (histiocyte-like tumor cells, HLTCs). We compared these HLTCs to similar cells found in microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern (n = 20) or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (n = 5). The four cases were endometrioid, serous, clear cell, and gastric-type; all were at FIGO stage ≥ III.

Development and Initial Validation of the ONCOREUM Score to Differentiate Childhood Cancer with Arthropathy from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: To develop and validate a weighted score, the ONCOREUM score, that aids physicians in differentiation of cancer with arthropathy from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Study Design: Data were extracted from the ONCOREUM Study, a multicenter, cross-sectional investigation aimed at comparing children with cancer and arthropathy to children with JIA. Three statistical approaches were applied to develop the ONCOREUM score and assess the role of each variable in the diagnosis of cancer with arthropathy, including 2 approaches based on multivariable stepwise selection (models 1 and 2) and 1 approach on a Bayesian model averaging method (model 3).

Real-life effectiveness of tildrakizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis: A 52-week multicentre retrospective study-IL PSO (Italian landscape psoriasis).

Background: Tildrakizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds selectively the p19 subunit of interleukin-23. It is approved for treatment of moderate-severe chronic plaque psoriasis.

Objectives: We conducted a 52-week retrospective study to assess the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab in a real-life setting.

Transcriptomes of Prostate Cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG and Other ETS Fusions.

Unlabelled: The most common somatic event in primary prostate cancer is a fusion between the androgen-related TMPRSS2 gene and the ERG oncogene. Tumors with these fusions, which occur early in carcinogenesis, have a distinctive etiology. A smaller subset of other tumors harbor fusions between TMPRSS2 and members of the ETS transcription factor family other than ERG.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy with or without macroscopic on-site evaluation: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

BACKGROUND : The advantage of using the macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) technique during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) performed with 22G Franseen needles has not been investigated. We aimed to compare EUS-FNB with MOSE vs. EUS-FNB performed with three needle passes.

Repeatability of new optical biometer and agreement with 2 validated optical biometers, all based on SS-OCT.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of the measurements provided by a new optical biometer (EyeStar 900) based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and their agreement with the measurements given by 2 validated biometers based on the same technology, the IOLMaster 700 and Argos.

Setting: IRCCS G.B.

Evolving knowledge in surgical oncology of pancreatic cancer: from theory to clinical practice-a fifteen-year journey at a tertiary referral centre.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an increasing disease having a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different models of care for pancreatic cancer in a tertiary referral centre in the period 2006-2020. Retrospective study of patients with PDAC observed from January 2006 to December 2020.

Endoscopists performance in optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps in artificial intelligence studies.

Widespread adoption of optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia is prevented by suboptimal endoscopist performance and lack of standardized training and competence evaluation. We aimed to assess diagnostic accuracy of endoscopists in optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia in the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) validation studies. Literature searches of databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus) up to April 2022 were performed to identify articles evaluating accuracy of individual endoscopists in performing optical diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia within studies validating AI against a histologically verified ground-truth.

The Role of Rituximab in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis of the Adult.

Introduction: Primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a rare, likely immune-mediated disease. Rituximab (RTX) may play a role in management, although data in adults are scanty.

Methods: We collected cases of RTX-treated primary FSGS within the Italian Society of Nephrology Immunopathology Working Group and explored response rate (24-hour proteinuria <3.

L1CAM Expression in Microcystic, Elongated, and Fragmented (MELF) Glands Predicts Lymph Node Involvement in Endometrial Carcinoma.

In endometrial carcinoma, both L1CAM overexpression and microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) patterns of invasion have been related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastatic spread. We aimed to assess the association between L1CAM expression, the MELF pattern, and lymph node status in endometrial carcinoma. Consecutive cases of endometrial carcinoma with MELF pattern were immunohistochemically assessed for L1CAM.

Clinical Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging for a Brachial Plexus Injury.

Brachial plexus injuries are commonly diagnosed clinically, as conventional imaging has a low sensitivity. In recent years, diffusion tensor imaging has established a clinical role in the study of the central nervous system and, while still presenting some limitations due to the technical complexity of the acquisition method, is showing promising results when applied to peripheral nerves. Moreover, deterministic fiber tracking with the Euler's method and multishell acquisition are two novel advances in the field which contribute to enhancing the reliability of the technique reducing the respiratory and inhomogeneity artifacts in this "magnetically complex" region, and better isolating the fibers in a heterogeneous territory.