Extrapyramidal side-effects of low-dose aripiprazole in an 11-year-old child.

Partial agonism of D2 and 5-HT1A receptors accounts for the low incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects of aripiprazole. Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during treatment with therapeutical doses of aripiprazole have been reported in adults and children. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of EPS with low doses (5 mg) have been reported until now.

Risk Factors Associated With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Indians: A Case-Control Study.

Background/aims: NAFLD has today emerged as the leading cause of liver disorder. There is scanty data on risk factors associated with NAFLD emanating from India. The present study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with NAFLD.

Trochlear Nerve Neurofibroma in a Clinically NF-1-Negative Patient; A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Isolated orbital neurofibroma unassociated with systemic neurofibromatosis is relatively rare and may be difficult to clinically differentiate from other orbital tumors. Sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve-namely lacrimal, nasociliary, and frontal-are the most common nerves of origin for intraorbital neurofibroma, but we discovered a neurofibroma arising out of the right trochlear nerve, in absence of clinical stigmata of neurofibromatosis type 1, which is rare.

Case Description: A 41-year-old adult presented with painless progressive proptosis of the right eye for 10 years without history of visual problems or diplopia.

Single-molecule imaging of non-equilibrium molecular ensembles on the millisecond timescale.

Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is uniquely suited for detecting transient molecular recognition events, yet achieving the time resolution and statistics needed to realize this potential has proven challenging. Here we present a single-molecule imaging and analysis platform using scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) detectors that enables imaging of 15,000 individual molecules simultaneously at millisecond rates. This system enabled the detection of previously obscured processes relevant to the fidelity mechanism in protein synthesis.

Study of Methaemoglobin in Malaria Patients.

To estimate the concentration of methemoglobin (MetHb) in malaria patients and correlate with severity of malaria infection. This prospective study included 30 untreated cases of malaria confirmed by Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) test and 30 age sex matched non-malarial cases taken as controls. All the patients underwent thorough clinical examination and routine biochemical investigation.

Combined Use of the Mathieu and Incised Urethral Plate Techniques for Repair of Distal Penile Hypospadias.

Though both the Mathieu and incised urethral plate techniques are individually described for single-stage repair of distal penile hypospadias, each has its own shortcomings. We describe the combination of the two techniques by taking their advantages and reducing their limitations. Thirteen patients belonging to the age group of 3-22 years with distal penile hypospadias and mild chordee were operated by this technique with a mean follow-up of 8 months.

Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Child Suffering from Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder with Catatonic Features.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a recognized and effective treatment in adults for several psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of knowledge and experience with the use of ECT among child and adolescent psychiatrists is an obstacle to its appropriate use. Treatment using ECT in children of prepubertal age has been less reported.

Reversal agents in anaesthesia and critical care.

Despite the advent of short and ultra-short acting drugs, an in-depth knowledge of the reversal agents used is a necessity for any anaesthesiologist. Reversal agents are defined as any drug used to reverse the effects of anaesthetics, narcotics or potentially toxic agents. The controversy on the routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade still exists.

Pooled Amplicon Deep Sequencing of Candidate Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Antigens.

Polymorphisms within Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens have the potential to compromise vaccine efficacy. Understanding the allele frequencies of polymorphisms in critical binding regions of antigens can help in the designing of strain-transcendent vaccines. Here, we adopt a pooled deep-sequencing approach, originally designed to study P.

Non-Classical monocytes display inflammatory features: Validation in Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

Given the importance of monocytes in pathogenesis of infectious and other inflammatory disorders, delineating functional and phenotypic characterization of monocyte subsets has emerged as a critical requirement. Although human monocytes have been subdivided into three different populations based on surface expression of CD14 and CD16, published reports suffer from contradictions with respect to subset phenotypes and function. This has been attributed to discrepancies in reliable gating strategies for flow cytometric characterization and purification protocols contributing to significant changes in receptor expression.

A multi-centre pilot study of iodine status in UK schoolchildren, aged 8-10 years.

Purpose: Iodine, as an essential constituent of thyroid hormones, is required for brain development. Iodine status is low in some UK population groups, notably in teenage girls, women of childbearing age and pregnant women. We aimed to assess iodine status of UK schoolchildren as there are no data on children below 14 years of age.

Risk factors, organ weight deviation and associated anomalies in neural tube defects: A prospective fetal and perinatal autopsy series.

Introduction: Neural tube defects (NTD) are a group of serious birth defects occurring due to defective closure of neural tube during embryonic development. It comprises of anencephaly, encephalocele and spina bifida. We conducted this prospective fetal autopsy series to study the rate and distribution of NTD, analyze the reproductive factors and risk factors, note any associated anomalies and evaluate the organ weights and their deviation from normal.

Neuropsychological functioning in Wernicke's encephalopathy.

Context: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in chronic alcoholism and malnutrition. Clinically, the key features are mental status disturbances (global confusion), oculomotor abnormalities, and gait disturbances (ataxia). Apart from these clinical features, we can find deficits in neuropsychological functioning in patients with WE, which is more prominent after the improvement in the physical conditions.

Association of CD34+ and CD90+ Stem Cells of Cord Blood with Neonatal Factors: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: To characterize the primitive stem cell content of cord blood with regard to neonatal parameters.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CD34+ and CD90+ cells content were enumerated by flow-cytometry method. Their associations with various neonatal parameters like birth weight, gender, gestational age and mode of delivery were analyzed by univariate analysis.

Karapandzic Flap in Reconstruction of Post-traumatic Lower Lip Defects: Report of Two Cases.

Reconstruction of lower lip is a challenge to the surgeon who seeks excellence in restoration of both aesthetics and functions. The defects may arise either due to trauma, developmental anomaly or post-excision of malignant conditions. The reconstruction of rectangular shaped full thickness defects of lip may be achieved with bilateral advancements of the remaining lip segments.

Chemically related 4,5-linked aminoglycoside antibiotics drive subunit rotation in opposite directions.

Dynamic remodelling of intersubunit bridge B2, a conserved RNA domain of the bacterial ribosome connecting helices 44 (h44) and 69 (H69) of the small and large subunit, respectively, impacts translation by controlling intersubunit rotation. Here we show that aminoglycosides chemically related to neomycin-paromomycin, ribostamycin and neamine-each bind to sites within h44 and H69 to perturb bridge B2 and affect subunit rotation. Neomycin and paromomycin, which only differ by their ring-I 6'-polar group, drive subunit rotation in opposite directions.

Isolated thoracic (D5) intramedullary epidermoid cyst without spinal dysraphism: A rare case report.

Spinal epidermoid cyst, congenital or acquired, is mainly congenital associated with spinal dysraphism, rarely in isolation. Intramedullary epidermoid cysts (IECs) are rare with less than 60 cases reported so far; isolated variety (i.e.

Study of biofilm in bacteria from water pipelines.

Context: A biofilm is a layer of microorganisms contained in a matrix (slime layer), which forms on surfaces in contact with water. Their presence in drinking water pipe networks can be responsible for a wide range of water quality and operational problems.

Aim: To identify the bacterial isolates, obtained from water pipelines of kitchens, to evaluate the water quality & to study the biofilm producing capacity of the bacterial isolates from various sources.