Simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of fenitrothion using novel chromogenic reagent.

A facile, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of fenitrothion in its formulations, water, food grain and agriculture soil samples with newly synthesised reagent. The method was based on the alkaline hydrolysis of fenitrothion pesticide and resultant hydrolysed product of fenitrothion was coupled with diazotised 4,4'-methylene-bis-(p-amino-3'-hydroxybenzanilide) in basic medium to give orange coloured product having lambdamax 480 nm. The formation of coloured derivatives with the coupling agent is instantaneous and stable for 48 h.

Preconcentration technique for the determination of trace elements in natural water samples by ICP-AES.

A procedure was developed for the determination of Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on a morpholine dithiocarbamate (mor-DTC) supported by bagasse (Saccharam aphisinaram). The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted with 4,M HNO3 and the acid eluates were analysed by ICP-AES. The influence of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample, eluent concentration, volume of the sample and volume of eluent were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the present method.

Facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of carbosulfan in formulations and environmental samples.

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbosulfan in insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and soil samples with newly synthesized reagents. The method was based on acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the carbosulfan pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of carbosulfan was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with lambda(max) of 464 nm or interaction with 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce yellow colored product with lambda(max) of 408 nm or coupling with 2,4,6-tribromoaniline to form red colored product has a lambda(max) of 471 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law range for 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.

Development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of bendiocarb in its formulations and environmental samples.

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of bendiocarb in its insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and agriculture soil samples with prepared reagents. The method was based on alkaline hydrolysis of the bendiocarb pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of bendiocarb was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with lambda max of 457 nm or coupling with 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce a red colored product with lambda max of 474 nm or coupling with 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline to form orange red colored product has a lambda max of 465 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law range for 2, 6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.

Spectrophotometric determination of V(V) in environmental, biological, pharmaceutical and alloy samples by novel oxidative coupling reactions.

A Novel, rapid, sensitive and selective reactions are developed for spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of vanadium (V) in environmental, biological, pharmaceutical and alloy samples was studied. The methods were based on interactions of 4-bromophenyl hydrazine (4-BPH) with N-(1-naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) in the presence of vanadium in acidic medium (acetate buffer of pH 3.0) to give violet colored derivative or on the oxidation of 4-bromophenyl hydrazine by vanadium in basic medium and coupling with chromotropic acid (CA) to yield red color derivative.

Reduction of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in mice after fentin and fenbutatin administration.

The present study was designed to assess potential reproductive toxicity caused by fentin and fenbutatin in the mice. Adult male mice received i.p.

Facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of synthetic pyrithroids in their formulations, water and grain samples.

A novel reagent was introduced for the facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of synthetic pyrethroids in their formulations (fenvalerate, cypermethrin and decamethrin), water and grain samples. These methods were based on the hydrolysis of synthetic pyrethroids under the alkaline conditions to form respective aldehyde groups. These groups were condensation with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrochloride (MBTH) to yield color derivatives having lambda(max) at 520 nm for fenvalerate, 516 nm for cypermethrin and 512 nm for decamethrin.

EPR and optical investigations of manganese ions in alkali lead tetraborate glasses.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectra of Mn2+ ions in different alkali lead tetraborate glasses 90R2B4O7+9.25PbO+0.75MnSO4 (R=Li, Na and K) and 90Li2B4O7+(10-x)PbO+xMnSO4 (x=0.

Improvement of ethanol production in very high gravity fermentation by horse gram (Dolichos biflorus) flour supplementation.

Aims: To determine the effect of osmotic stress on yeast and to investigate the protective role of horse gram flour during very high gravity (VHG) ethanol fermentation.

Methods And Results: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated into high sugar (30-40%, w/v) containing medium with and without supplementation of horse gram flour. The fermentation experiments were carried out in batch mode.

ac susceptibility and ESR studies on vapour phase grown Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Te crystals.

Single crystals of Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Te for x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.

Extractive spectrofluorometric determination of quinalphos using fluorescein in environmental samples.

A simple, sensitive, convenient and low cost spectrofluorometric technique for determination of quinalphos is described. Quinalphos is decomposed with sodium ethoxide. Resultant sodium diethyl thiophosphate (Na-DETP) is extracted with a cationic fluorescein as ion pair complex into 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene.

Gestational exposure to hydroxyprogesterone caproate suppresses reproductive potential in male rats.

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate was administered to pregnant rats at a dose level of 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight on 1st, 7th and 14th gestational day and the male pups (F1 generation) were allowed to grow for 90 days. The effect of gestational exposure to hydroxyprogesterone caproate on fertility was assessed by breeding F1 male rats with control female rats besides analyzing sperm quality and quantity in F1 male rats. The number of implantation sites and viable fetuses was significantly reduced in females mated with F1 males that were exposed to hydroxyprogesterone caproate during embryonic development.

Studies of selenium in environmental samples and synthetic mixtures by spectrophotometry.

A rapid, highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of traces of selenium(IV) is described. The method is based on oxidation of p-nitroaniline by selenium(IV) followed by coupling reaction with N-(1-naphthalene-1-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) in neutral medium to give red colored derivative with lambda(max) 515 nm and is stable for more than 10 days at 35 degrees C. Beer's law is obeyed for selenium(IV) in the concentration range of 0.

Developmental lead exposure alters mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and synaptosomal catecholamine levels in rat brain.

Rats were lactationally exposed to low- (0.2%) and high-level (1%) lead (Pb) from postnatal day 1 (PND1) through PND21 through the drinking water of the mother. The levels of catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine and the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) were determined in the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in young (1-month-old) and adult (3-month-old) rats.

Optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Er3+ doped mixed alkali borate glasses.

An investigations of the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra of 0.2 mol% Er2O3 in mixed alkali borate glasses of the type 67.8B2O3 x xLi2O(32-x)Na2O, 67.

The facile flow-injection spectrophotometric detection of gold(III) in water and pharmaceutical samples using 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-2-aminoacetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone (3,5-DMHAAINH).

A simple, sensitive and rapid flow-injection spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Au(III) in aqueous dimethylformamide (DMF). The method is based on formation of Au(III)-(3,5-DMHAAINH)3 complex. The optimum conditions for the chromogenic reaction of Au(III) with 3,5-DMHAAINH is studied and the colored (reddish brown) complex is selectively monitored at lambda(max) 490 nm at pH 6.

Response of hepatic antioxidant system to exercise training in aging female rat.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of exercise training on aging in the hepatic oxidative status and antioxidant defense of female albino rat. Two age groups of 3 months and 12 months old Wistar strain female albino rats were given chronic exercise training for a period of 12 weeks. The antioxidant enzyme assays were carried out by the standard methods.

Pyroclastic fluoride in ground waters in some parts of Tadpatri Taluk, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh.

Fluorosis is a disease affecting the teeth and bones and caused by excessive ingestion of fluoride through drinking water. Fluoride concentration in ground water samples of the study area varies from 1.2 to 2.

Detection of lead in vegetables with new chromogenic reagent by spectrophotometry.

A new simple, rapid selective and highly sensitive chromogenic reagent dibromo-p-methyl-carboxyazo (DBMCA) was synthesized and studied in detail for the spectrophotometric detection of lead. In 0.25 M phosphoric acid medium, which greatly increases the selectivity, Lead reacts with DBMCA to form a 1:2 blue complex having a sensitivity absorption peak at 646 nm.

Analysis of samples of human serum with cataracts for zinc and iron by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer method has been used to determine Zinc and Iron in serum samples of humans with various cataracts. The method for the determination of Zinc includes the dilution of serum (1+9) with water soluble n-butanol 6% (v/v) and calibration with standards containing Zinc in 0.5%(v/v) HCl, diluted in the same way.

The determination of nickel(II) after on-line sorbent preconcentration by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using Borassus Flabellifer inflorescence loaded with coniine dithiocarbamate.

A procedure was developed for the determination of nickel(II) in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on coniine dithiocarbamate (CDC) supported by Borassus Flabellifer inflorescence. The sorbed element was subsequently eluted with 0.4M nitric acid and the acid eluates are analysed by ICP-AES.

Determination of nickel in alloys and plant leaves with salicylaldehyde 3-oxobutanoylhydrazone by spectrophotometry.

A simple and highly sensitive reagent of salicylaldehyde 3-oxobutanoylhydrazone (salicylaldehyde acetoacetic acid hydrazone, SAAH) was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel in detail. In the pH range 6, which greatly increased the selectivity, nickel reacted with SAAH to form a 1:1 yellow complex, having a sensitive absorption peak at 405 nm. Under the optimal conditions, Beer's law was obeyed over the range from 0.

Electrochemical study of potassium isobutyl xanthate at a mercury electrode.

Polarographic studies of potassium isobutyl xanthate at a mercury electrode reveal that the product of an anodic reaction is strongly adsorbed at the mercury surface, as indicated by a prewave. The adsorbed film greatly affects the characteristics of the anodic wave of xanthate in an aqeous medium. The current of total wave is proportional to the concentration of xanthate from 0.

Effect of phenobarbital on the induction of glutathione S-transferases in rat testis.

Glutathione S-transferases are a family of multifunctional proteins involved in intracellular transport processes and drug detoxication. In rats, these enzymes are dimeric proteins, and exist as cytosolic and microsomal proteins. The affinity purified rat testicular glutathione S-transferases are comprised of four subunits, Yc of alpha class, Yb and Ybeta of mu class and Ydelta of pi class.

Issues of elder care and elder abuse in the Indian context.

With 7% of the population of India being elderly, two-thirds of whom live in villages and nearly a half of them in poor conditions, the care of the elderly is a difficult problem to be tackled. The dwindling of the joint family, the rise of dual-career families, a possible shift in filial piety values, the increasing life expectancy with greater chances of a prolonged old age characterized by poverty, degeneration, more empty-nest years, and dependency, have all added to the seriousness of the problem and made the elderly more susceptible than ever to abusive treatment. This paper examines these issues as well as the issue of elder abuse in light of available data and suggests some strategies to meet the problem.