Modified "Allele-Specific qPCR" Method for SNP Genotyping Based on FRET.

The proposed method is a modified and improved version of the existing "Allele-specific q-PCR" (ASQ) method for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This method is similar to frequently used techniques like Amplifluor and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP), as well as others employing common universal probes (UPs) for SNP analyses. In the proposed ASQ method, the fluorophores and quencher are located in separate complementary oligonucleotides.

Expression of Specific Alleles of Zinc-Finger Transcription Factors, and , and Corresponding SNP Markers, Are Associated with Drought Tolerance in Barley Populations.

Two genes, and , encoding Zinc-finger proteins, were identified earlier as active in barley plants. Based on bioinformatics and sequencing analysis, six SNPs were found in the promoter regions of and one in , among parents of two barley segregating populations, Granal × Baisheshek and Natali × Auksiniai-2. ASQ and Amplifluor markers were developed for and , one SNP in each gene, and in each of two populations, showing simple Mendelian segregation.

Development of corporate investment funds as a tool to achieve the goals of international treaties in the field of climate change.

The UNFCCC and Paris Climate Agreement set the environmental agenda for many years to come, making environmental protection a global trend. Herewith, these documents created many unprecedented challenges for business, shifting the focus from the original role of commercial benefit to the trade-off between profit and social responsibility. The need to adapt business strategies to the existing agenda has created new requirements for shaping the investment environment.

Evaluation of chimeric proteins for serological diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle.

Background And Aim: An accurate diagnosis of -infected animals is one of the critical measures in eradication programs. Conventional serological tests based on whole-cell (WC) antigens and detecting antibodies against pathogen-associated lipopolysaccharide might give false-positive results due to the cross-reactivity with other closely related bacteria. This study evaluated the serological potential of spp.

Assessment of quality and safety of meats from various animal species in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone, Kazakhstan.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the food safety and protein adequacy of meats from various animals in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone.

Materials And Methods: Samples of meat were collected from markets "Zhomart" and "Kausar." Two hundred and ninety-eight samples of meat were obtained: beef - 166, horse - 42, pork - 67, mutton - 8, and poultry - 15.

Registered Influenza Viral Vector Based Vaccine for Cattle in Kazakhstan: Age-Wise Safety and Efficacy Studies.

A novel influenza viral vector based vaccine (Flu-BA) was introduced for use in cattle in Kazakhstan in 2019. In this study, the safety and efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in male and female cattle at different ages, and during pregnancy as a part of its registration process. Our data demonstrated that the Flu-BA vaccine was safe after prime or booster vaccination in calves (5-7 months old male and female), heifers (15-17 months old) and cows (6-7 years old) and was not abortogenic in pregnant animals.

A MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DETECTION OF OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS AND METORCHIS BILIS.

Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis are two common small worms that parasitize in the gallbladder and bile ducts of the liver of humans and carnivores. These parasites have a severe impact on health and are considered pathogens of serious diseases worldwide, such as cholangiocarcinoma. However, there are still no commercially available molecular diagnostic kits capable of simultaneously detecting these parasites in humans.

Gene editing to facilitate hybrid crop production.

Capturing heterosis (hybrid vigor) is a promising way to increase productivity in many crops; hybrid crops often have superior yields, disease resistance, and stress tolerance compared with their parental inbred lines. The full utilization of heterosis faces a number of technical problems related to the specifics of crop reproductive biology, such as difficulties with generating and maintaining male-sterile lines and the low efficiency of natural cross-pollination for some genetic combinations. Innovative technologies, such as development of artificial in vitro systems for hybrid production and apomixis-based systems for maintenance of the resulting heterotic progeny, may substantially facilitate the production of hybrids.

as a Causative Agent of Onychomycosis in Patient with Cirrhosis of the Liver.

We report the first case of non-dermatophytic onychomycosis of the toenail described in Kazakhstan caused by . The biological properties of the strain were studied. forms white creamy colonies, smooth with focal wrinkles, and the reversum is light-yellow.

and , Partner Genes of a Transcription Repressor, Coordinate Plant Development and Drought Tolerance in Spelt and Bread Wheat.

Down-regulator associated protein, DrAp1, acts as a negative cofactor (NC2α) in a transcription repressor complex together with another subunit, down-regulator Dr1 (NC2β). In binding to promotors and regulating the initiation of transcription of various genes, plays a key role in plant transition to flowering and ultimately in seed production. and genes were identified, and their expression and genetic polymorphism were studied using bioinformatics, qPCR analyses, a 40K Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray, and Amplifluor-like SNP genotyping in cultivars of bread wheat ( L.

Gene editing applications to modulate crop flowering time and seed dormancy.

Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have been used to improve many agricultural traits, from disease resistance to grain quality. Now, emerging research has used CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing technologies to target plant reproduction, including major areas such as flowering time and seed dormancy. Traits related to these areas have important implications for agriculture, as manipulation of flowering time has multiple applications, including tailoring crops for regional adaptation and improving yield.

Salt-induced expression of intracellular vesicle trafficking genes, CaRab-GTP, and their association with Na accumulation in leaves of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Background: Chickpea is an important legume and is moderately tolerant to salinity stress during the growing season. However, the level and mechanisms for salinity tolerance can vary among accessions and cultivars. A large family of CaRab-GTP genes, previously identified in chickpea, is homologous to intracellular vesicle trafficking superfamily genes that play essential roles in response to salinity stress in plants.

Identification, gene expression and genetic polymorphism of zinc finger A20/AN1 stress-associated genes, HvSAP, in salt stressed barley from Kazakhstan.

Background: A family of genes designated as the Zinc finger A20/AN1 Transcription factors encoding stress-associated proteins (SAP) are well described in Arabidopsis and rice, and include 14 AtSAP and 18 OsSAP genes that are associated with variable tolerances to multiple abiotic stresses. The SAP gene family displays a great diversity in its structure and across different plant species. The aim of this study was to identify all HvSAP genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Use of recombinant outer membrane proteins 19, 25, and 31 for serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses. The current anti-brucellosis measures are largely deemed ineffective due to a lack of specificity of conventional serological tests. This study evaluated the use of outer membrane protein (Omp)19 for serodiagnostic testing.

Biological properties of related to non-dermatophyte onychomycosis.

We report a rare case of non-dermatophytic onychomycosis of the toenail caused by . Was studied the biological properties of the strain isolated in Kazakhstan. forms pink colonies, the reverzum is pink-orange.

Comparison of spatiotemporal patterns of historic natural Anthrax outbreaks in Minnesota and Kazakhstan.

Disease spread in populations is a consequence of the interaction between host, pathogen, and environment, i.e. the epidemiological triad.

Genetic Modification for Wheat Improvement: From Transgenesis to Genome Editing.

To feed the growing human population, global wheat yields should increase to approximately 5 tonnes per ha from the current 3.3 tonnes by 2050. To reach this goal, existing breeding practices must be complemented with new techniques built upon recent gains from wheat genome sequencing, and the accumulated knowledge of genetic determinants underlying the agricultural traits responsible for crop yield and quality.

The General Transcription Repressor Is Co-expressed With and in Bread Wheat Under Drought.

The general transcription repressor, gene, was identified during screening of a wheat SNP database using the Amplifluor-like SNP marker KATU-W62. Together with two genes described earlier, and , they represent a set of three homeologous genes in the wheat genome. Under drought, the total expression profiles of all three genes varied between different bread wheat cultivars.

Intracellular Vesicle Trafficking Genes, -GTP, Are Highly Expressed Under Salinity and Rapid Dehydration but Down-Regulated by Drought in Leaves of Chickpea ( L.).

Intracellular vesicle trafficking genes, , encoding small GTP binding proteins, have been well studied in medical research, but there is little information concerning these proteins in plants. Some sub-families of the genes have not yet been characterized in plants, such as - otherwise known as in yeast and animals. Our study aimed to identify all gene sequences in chickpea ( L.

Genes Encoding Transcription Factors TaDREB5 and TaNFYC-A7 Are Differentially Expressed in Leaves of Bread Wheat in Response to Drought, Dehydration and ABA.

Two groups of six spring bread wheat varieties with either high or low grain yield under the dry conditions of Central and Northern Kazakhstan were selected for analysis. Experiments were set up with the selected wheat varieties in controlled environments as follows: (1) slowly progressing drought imposed on plants in soil, (2) rapid dehydration of whole plants grown in hydroponics, (3) dehydration of detached leaves, and (4) ABA treatment of whole plants grown in hydroponics. Representatives of two different families of transcription factors (TFs), and , were found to be linked to yield-under-drought using polymorphic Amplifluor-like SNP marker assays.

A biolistic method for high-throughput production of transgenic wheat plants with single gene insertions.

Background: The relatively low efficiency of biolistic transformation and subsequent integration of multiple copies of the introduced gene/s significantly complicate the genetic modification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other plant species. One of the key factors contributing to the reproducibility of this method is the uniformity of the DNA/gold suspension, which is dependent on the coating procedure employed. It was also shown recently that the relative frequency of single copy transgene inserts could be increased through the use of nanogram quantities of the DNA during coating.

Spatiotemporal analysis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1955 - 2013.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a significant obstacle to international trade and economic development, and for that reason, FMD prevention, control and eradication are major goals guiding animal health policy in most countries. The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective spatiotemporal analysis of FMD outbreaks among livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 1955 to 2013. During that time, several FMD control strategies were implemented in RK, which culminated with the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recognition of RK as a country that is FMD-free with partial vaccination (2015).

Advantages of Amplifluor-like SNP markers over KASP in plant genotyping.

Background: KASP (KBioscience Competitive Allele Specific PCR) and Amplifluor (Amplification with fluorescence) SNP markers are two prominent technologies based upon a shared identical Allele-specific PCR platform.

Methods: Amplifluor-like SNP and KASP analysis was carried out using published and own design of Universal probes (UPs) and Gene-specific primers (GSPs).

Results: Advantages of the Amplifluor-like system over KASP include the significantly lower costs and much greater flexibility in the adjustment and development of 'self-designed' dual fluorescently-labelled UPs and regular GSPs.

Spatio-temporal analysis and visualisation of the anthrax epidemic situation in livestock in Kazakhstan over the period 1933-2016.

An analysis of the anthrax epidemic situation among livestock animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the period 1933-2016 is presented. During this time, 4,064 anthrax outbreaks (mainly in cattle, small ruminants, pigs and horses) were recorded. They fall into five historical periods of increase and decrease in the annual anthrax incidence (1933-1953; 1954-1968; 1969-1983; 1984- 2001; and 2002-2016), which has been associated with changes in economic activity and veterinary surveillance.