and Occurrence in Kazakh Honey Samples.

The aim of this study was to assess occurrence of and in honey samples from Kazakhstan. Analyses were carried out using a set of PCR methods for identification of anaerobic bacteria, and detection of toxin genes of and . Among 197 samples, was noticed in only one (0.

Serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in cattle.

An IgM murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) was obtained against the excretory-secretory antigen (ES-Ag) of in vitro reared protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786). Western blotting revealed that the MAb recognised a 20.6 kDa protein of this ES-Ag.

[Development of a color chart to distinguish between lochia from cows with a disturbed and undisturbed uterine involution post partum].

Objective: To describe the differences in the color of lochia from cows with undisturbed and disturbed uterine involution and to apply this to disease detection post partum.

Material And Methods: During the period from the 1st to the 16th day post partum, 10 cows with an undisturbed uterine involution and 15 cows with an impaired uterine involution were examined and the color of the lochia was documented.

Results: The differences in the color of the lochia from cows with and without a disturbed uterine involution were used to create a color chart.

Morphostructure of Immune System Organs in Cattle of Different Age.

This article provides comprehensive consideration of the age-dependent morphofunctional state of organs and tissues of the immune system (thymus, spleen, superficial and deep lymph nodes) in cattle. The morphofunctional maturity of organs and tissues of the immune system in cattle will be taken into account in various experimental studies, preventive and therapeutic measures. Performed analysis provides description of the spleen formation as well as the thymus and lymph nodes in post-natal ontogenesis and the macro- and microscopic structure of lymphoid cells and macrophages.

Development of an ELISA using anti-idiotypic antibody for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis.

Monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope of cretory-secretory antigen protein of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) with a molecular weight of 28 kDa was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immobilisation of liver fluke specific antigen to the solid phase. Examination of human sera by this ELISA compared with commercial assays demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody epitope is located within this significant parasite protein. Anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the paratope of this monoclonal antibody was obtained by a hybridoma technique.

Revealing spatio-temporal patterns of rabies spread among various categories of animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2010-2013.

This study estimated the basic reproductive ratio of rabies at the population level in wild animals (foxes), farm animals (cattle, camels, horses, sheep) and what we classified as domestic animals (cats, dogs) in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). It also aimed at forecasting the possible number of new outbreaks in case of emergence of the disease in new territories. We considered cases of rabies in animals in RK from 2010 to 2013, recorded by regional veterinary services.

Zoning the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan as to the risk of rabies among various categories of animals.

This paper presents the zoning of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan with respect to the risk of rabies outbreaks in domestic and wild animals considering environmental and climatic conditions. The national database of rabies outbreaks in Kazakhstan in the period 2003-2014 has been accessed in order to find which zones are consistently most exposed to the risk of rabies in animals. The database contains information on the cases in demes of farm livestock, domestic animals and wild animals.

Gasterophilus spp. infections in horses from northern and central Kazakhstan.

A cross-sectional survey was performed to obtain current data on the gastrointestinal myiasis of horses in the provinces of Kostanay, Akmola and Karagandy, northern and central Kazakhstan. The stomach, small intestine and rectum of 148 slaughter horses were examined for Gasterophilus spp. larvae during a 26-month study period.