Urethral duplication with rectourethral fistula: Review of two cases.

Urethral duplication is a very rarely observed congenital anomaly, mostly affecting the males. This case report highlights the management of two patients diagnosed with Type II A, Y-type urethral duplication. An 11-year-old boy was diagnosed with Type II A of Y-type urethral duplication, where the dorsal urethra was completely hypoplastic, and the ventral urethra was communicating with rectum.

Determinants of Tobacco Use among Children of a Rural Village in India: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background: Tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. It is both a major social and health problem. According to National Sample Survey Organization of Government of India about 20 million children of ages 10-14 are estimated to be tobacco-addicted.

Intraoperative mitomycin C and cryotherapy as adjunct therapy for recurrent lobular capillary haemangioma of conjunctiva.

Recurrence of lobular capillary haemangioma of conjunctiva after surgical excision is rare but sometimes it may be difficult to manage multiple recurrences. A 31-year-old female patient presented with recurrent polypoid conjunctival lobular capillary haemangioma. Excisional biopsy was performed, followed by eye drop mitomycin C 0.

Characteristics of a Nationwide Voluntary Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Campaign in India; Future Paths and Pointers for Resource Limited Settings/Low and Middle Income Countries.

Antibiotic resistance has reached alarming proportions globally, prompting the World Health Organization to advise nations to take up antibiotic awareness campaigns. Several campaigns have been taken up worldwide, mostly by governments. The government of India asked manufacturers to append a 'redline' to packages of antibiotics as identification marks and conducted a campaign to inform the general public about it and appropriate antibiotic use.

Comparison of success rate of BlockBuster versus Fastrach LMA as conduit for blind endotracheal intubation: A prospective randomised trial.

Background And Aims: BlockBuster Laryngeal Mask Airway, a newer supraglottic airway device, is claimed to be an efficient conduit for endotracheal intubation. Intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an established device for the same. This randomised study was undertaken to evaluate the success rate of blind intubation using either of these LMAs.

Indian consensus on gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults: A position statement of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 58 statements, which were generated by electronic voting iteration as well as face-to-face meeting and review of the supporting literature primarily from India. These statements include 10 on epidemiology, 8 on clinical presentation, 10 on investigations, 23 on treatment (including medical, endoscopic, and surgical modalities), and 7 on complications of GERD.

Orbital Cellulitis: Defining Multidisciplinary Approach as the Need of the Hour.

The aim of the study is to determine epidemiological profile of cases admitted with suspicion of pre or post septal cellulitis and to define and evaluate the various factors associated with the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and management of orbital and preseptal cellulitis via a one year study of ten cases presenting to a tertiary care hospital in western Rajasthan, India. All patients presenting to our department or being transferred from other departments to us with the diagnosis of pre/post septal cellulitis from the March of 2017 to February 2018 were considered for this case series. Data compilation of these patients was done which included age, sex, chief complain, duration of illness, associated co-morbidities, time of presentation, management plan undertaken and associated radiological findings.

Granuloma annulare: A rare dermatological manifestation of diabetes mellitus.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is usually a self-limited, benign granulomatous disease of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It's generalized or disseminated form is associated with underlying diabetes mellitus and at times it precedes the sign and symptoms of diabetes mellitus. We are reporting a case of a 56-year-old female, who is a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus she presented to us with symmetric lesions on her trunk, arms, and legs.

Prevalence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis in adult patients in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an important public health problem for India but there is a paucity of data related to the prevalence of MDR-TB in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to synthesize evidence regarding the prevalence of MDR-TB in adult patients in India.

Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to find different observational studies reporting MDR-TB prevalence in India.

Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies: The Importance of Timely Intervention and Appropriate Collaboration.

The aim of study is to determine epidemiological profile of the cases suspected to have laryngotracheobronchial foreign body, average interval between onsets of symptoms and presentation to our tertiary centre, average interval between admission and active surgical intervention, incidence of various clinical, radiological and intraoperative findings. All patients presenting to our institution with suspicion of foreign body inhalation who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from October 2012 to April 2018 were considered for this study. Data compilation of these patients was done which included age, sex, chief complain, time of onset, time of presentation to hospital, time till intervention was undertaken, clinical and radiological findings, nature of foreign body, history of ingestion, intraoperative findings and post-operative recovery.

Ranitidine-induced galactorrhea in a postmenopausal female.

We report a case of drug-induced hyperprolactinemia in a 46 year postmenopausal female presenting as galactorrhea and painful breast engorgement as result of ranitidine exposure. The occurrence of galactorrhea as an adverse effect of ranitidine therapy is scarcely reported in literature and to the best of our knowledge this is first such reported case.

Study of maternal outcome in referral obstetric cases in a tertiary care centre.

Introduction: To identify the pattern of Obstetric referral to our hospital and the primary reasons for referral, so as to implement measures to reduce unnecessary referrals and to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.

Method: All the referred cases for obstetrics indications above 20 weeks were analysed for cause of referral, their condition and outcome for a period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016.

Results: According to our study out of a total of 10172 delivered patients, 1014 (9.

A case report of presenting as cellulitis with multiple discharging sinuses.

Nocardia spp. are filamentous Gram positive bacteria that are ubiquitous soil saprophytes. The majority of nocardial infections occur in severely immunocompromised patients who are particularly susceptible to pulmonary disease and dissemination.

Clinical Evaluation of Febrile Thrombocytopenia in Western Rajasthan - a Hospital-based Study.

Unlabelled: A number of patients of febrile thrombocytopenia increase during monsoon and postmonsoon period. Diseases like dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya fever, etc. are responsible for the clustering of febrile thrombocytopenia cases during this period.

Comparison of efficacy of ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block using levobupivacaine and dexamethasone for postoperative analgesia after modified radical mastectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Pectoral nerve (PecS II) block is the latest modality for providing postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. The present study was planned to compare the analgesic efficacy of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) and PecS II for postoperative analgesia after modified radical mastectomy (MRM).

Methods: A total of 40 female patients undergoing radical mastectomy were randomly allocated into two groups ( = 20).

Determination of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration and its clinical correlation among treatment failure cases of dermatophytosis.

Introduction: Dermatophytes are most common infectious agents causing superficial mycosis worldwide. A number of topical as well as systemic antifungal drugs are available for treatment of dermatophytosis. Superficial mycosis caused by dermatophytes can be easily treated by topical or oral antifungal drugs, but in the course of time, an increased number of treatment failure cases are appearing.

How I do it? Endoscopic discectomy using a new trocar "Endospine Plus" for lumbar prolapsed intervertebral disc.

Background: Endoscopic spine surgery is a promising minimally invasive technique and use of trocars like Metrx (Neurosurgery 51(5):S129-36, 2002), Destandau (Neurol Res 21:39-42, 1999), and Easy go (Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:1027‑33, 2009) has revolutionized this field. However, the steep learning curve makes this procedure elusive to many parts of the world.

Methods: The authors describe the technique of pure endoscopic discectomy using a specialized trocar devised by the senior author "Endospine Plus" which makes the technique easy to learn along with the advantages and complications of the procedure.

Bronchiectasis in India: results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India.

Safety and Efficacy of Intra-caesarean IUCD: A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of postpartum IUCD in caesarean section patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 200 women, who gave informed consent for postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion during caesarean section from January 2013 to May 2014. These patients were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months.

Severe Thrombocytopenia in Dengue Fever and Vitamin B12 Level.

Objective: To document correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and severity of thrombocytopenia, platelate recovery and duration of hospital stay in dengue fever patients.

Methods: This prospective observationl study was done in dengue fever patient with severe prolonged thrombocytopenia (<20,000 µl and > 2 days duration). Patient with underlying malignancy, hematological disorders, septicemia, or use of any drug which may cause thrombocytopenia, were excluded.