Correction to: Prevention of Intra-abdominal Adhesions by Electrical Stimulation.

In the original version of this article, Ydyrys Almabayev's, Timur Saliev's, Aygul Almabayeva's, Baimakhan Tanabayev's, Maral Yergazina's, and Zhandos Serikpayev's first and last names were transposed.

Polyphenols as Caloric-Restriction Mimetics and Autophagy Inducers in Aging Research.

It has been thought that caloric restriction favors longevity and healthy aging where autophagy plays a vital role. However, autophagy decreases during aging and that can lead to the development of aging-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, etc. It was shown that autophagy can be induced by mechanical or chemical stress.

Prevention of Intra-abdominal Adhesions by Electrical Stimulation.

The study investigated the ability of transdermal electric stimulation to prevent the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions in the combination with Seprafilm (anti-adhesive agent). One hundred and twenty-eight (128) rabbits were subjected to a surgical procedure to simulate the adhesion processes. After the simulation, the animals were divided into 4 groups (32 animals each), depending on the application of the methods of prevention: (1) control group (no anti-adhesives or electro-stimulation) (CG); (2) comparison group (applications of Seprafilm) (SF); (3) comparison group 2 (transdermal electric stimulation of the abdominal muscles) TES; (4) group (transdermal electric stimulation + Seprafilm) (TES + SF).

Effect of lithium carbonate on autophagy and proliferative activity of isolated hepatocytes.

The hepatocytes were cultivated in the presence of lithium carbonate (LC) for drugs testing or possible source for transplantation in the treatment of hereditary or terminal liver diseases. The LC, as an inducer of autophagy, is a promising drug for maintaining cell homeostasis and has a significant effect on the ultrastructural organization of hepatocyte cells. Within current investigation, new mechanisms of the biological effects of lithium and the ultrastructural analysis of the primary culture of hepatocytes were studied via flow cytofluorometry, light, and electron microscopy methods.

Respiratory Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents with Mucopolysaccharidosis Types I, II, IVA, and VI.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare genetic disease involving active storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Accumulation of GAGs in the connective tissues of airways leads to progressive pulmonary dysfunction. Studies conducted in Taiwan revealed mainly restrictive pulmonary dysfunction, whereas the same studies in Egypt and California revealed obstructive pulmonary dysfunction.

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Studies on a Rare Losinsk. Species from Kazakhstan.

An optimisation of extraction towards an increased antioxidant capacity and the study on the extracts' composition by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS were performed on different organs of a rarely studied plant: Losinsk (Polygonaceae) growing in Kazakhstan. More than 20 compounds from anthraquinones and phenolics were identified in an optimised method. The plant was proven to contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds (catechins, flavonoids, and their glucosides and phenolic acids) in contrast to the anthraquinone composition, which was mainly represented by emodin and its analogues.

The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human and Rat Primary Astrocytes.

Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is implicated in the development of pathological reactions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and death of brain cells. Current pharmacological approaches to treat AD are not able to control the deposition of Aβ and suppression of Aβ-induced cellular response. There is a growing body of evidence that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) causes a decrease of beta-amyloid deposition in the brains and provides cognitive benefits to Alzheimer's Tg mice.

Oral administration of ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate distorts the inflammatory reaction induced by turpentine oil injection in male rats.

Heavy metal pollution is rapidly increasing in the environment. It has been shown that exposure to vanadium and chromium is able to alter the immune response. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which these metal pollutants mediate their immunomodulatory effects are not completely understood.

Use of platelet-rich plasma to facilitate wound healing.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used nowadays in different fields of medicine, affecting physiological processes including tissue regeneration. The use of PRP in maxillofacial surgical interventions and its efficiency in the improvement of postoperative wound healing were analysed. Patients undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgeries in the maxillofacial region were recruited: 50 patients were enrolled into a control group (received no PPRP injection) and 50 patients were enrolled into a treatment group, where PRP was applied during the surgical procedure.

Impact of electromagnetic fields on in vitro toxicity of silver and graphene nanoparticles.

The correlation between shape and concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their cytotoxicity and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has been investigated. In addition, the bio-effects caused by the combination of EMFs and graphene nanoparticles (GrNPs) have been also assessed. The AgNPs of three shapes (triangular, spherical and colloidal) and GrNPs were added in high concentrations to the culture of human fibroblasts and exposed to EMF of three different frequencies: 900, 2400 and 7500 MHz.

LONG-TERM RESULTS OF COMBINATION THERAPY FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER.

Breast cancer ranks first among the malignant tumors in women. In locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) treatment starts with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) with the standard regimens CMF, FAC, АС. A cytostatic drug, Arglabin, isolated and produced from Artemisia glabella Kar.

[Species composition and molecular-genetic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant strains of gram negative bacteria isolated from patients of a hospitals urology department].

Aim: To analyze the composition and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria - pathogens of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult patients living in the city of Almaty.

Materials And Methods: The study examined the etiological composition and antibiotic susceptibility of clinically significant isolates of bacteria and fungi ( more or equal 103) isolated from the urine of the patients of the Department of Urology of the Almaty city Central Clinical Hospital No. 12.

Clinical and immunological parallels in pregnancy loss.

Peculiar characteristics of cytotoxic endometrial cells' response depending on the clinical aspects (frequency, gestational age, form of miscarriage, hysteroscopic pattern) have been studied. Patients with pregnancy loss in their past medical history demonstrate a decreased level of CD8 + lymphocytes, and the decrease is exacerbated as the incidence of miscarriages increases and in the presence of endometrial hypoplasia. The content of CD16 + lymphocytes increases in comparison with the control group, however, there is a reducing trend of this phenotype of killers as the incidence of miscarriages increases and in the presence of endometrial hypoplasia.

Development of a memory center for older adults in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Innovative Practice.

Recognizing the economic and health-outcome value of early cognitive assessment and intervention among its older citizens has guided the Innovative Research School in Gerontology of the SD Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University to begin the process of establishing its nation's first memory center in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Life expectancy in Kazakhstan, which continues to undergo health-care reform since its independence in 1991 from the former Soviet Union, has steadily risen from 64.4 years in 1996 to 68.

[Use of biological therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Republic of Kazakhstan].

Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Subjects And Methods: Twelve inpatients (10 women and 2 men) aged 23 to 65 years with a valid diagnosis of RA, the duration of which was 3 years or more, were retrospectively analyzed. DAS28 for RA corresponded to grades II and III in 4 (33.

Transcriptional profiling of interleukin-2-primed human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells revealed dramatic changes in stem cells response imposed by replicative senescence.

Inflammation is a double-edged sword with both detrimental and beneficial consequences. Understanding of the mechanisms of crosstalk between the inflammatory milieu and human adult mesenchymal stem cells is an important basis for clinical efforts. Here, we investigate changes in the transcriptional response of human adipose-derived stem cells to physiologically relevant levels of IL-2 (IL-2 priming) upon replicative senescence.

[Osteoarthritis in the adult population of the Republic of Kazakhstan].

Aim: To analyze overall and new-onset osteoarthritis (OA) morbidity among the adult population in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2011-2012.

Subjects And Methods: The data of annual statistical reports "On Population Health and Public Health System" (Form No. 12) in 2011-2012 were analyzed.

[Trend in the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis among the adult population in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2011-2012].

Aim: To analyze a trend in overall and new-onset rheumatoid arthritis morbidity among the adult population in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2011-2012.

Subjects And Methods: The data of 2011-2012 annual statistical reports on «Population Health and Healthcare System» (Form 12) were analyzed. The indicators in the Republic of Kazakhstan were taken from the statistics digest «Population Health in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Activities of Healthcare Facilities».

Features of Cytokine Profile in Different Age Groups.

Introduction: The study of the cytokine profile during aging is interesting because age-related changes of the immune status are usually correlate with the onset of specific diseases. Characteristics of cytokine activity in the elderly can not only detail the pathogenesis of the disease but also help to choose the appropriate therapeutic strategy, which in addition to the therapeutic effect could improve the quality of life of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to examine cytokine levels in older adults.

Inpatient care in Kazakhstan: A comparative analysis.

Background: Reforms in inpatient care are critical for the enhancement of the efficiency of health systems. It still remains the main costly sector of the health system, accounting for more than 60% of all expenditures. Inappropriate and ineffective use of the hospital infrastructure is also a big issue.