A Case Report of Tolvaptan Therapy for ADPKD Patients With COVID-19. The Need for Appropriate Counselling for Temporary Drug Discontinuation.

Background: Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may require specific therapy with vasopressin receptor antagonists to slow the progression of renal disease. Because of its mechanism of action, the most common side effects are polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. Elevations of liver enzyme levels can also occur during treatment with Tolvaptan.

First-line therapies for H. pylori infection in Italy: a pooled-data analysis.

Background: Curing H. pylori infection remains challenging, and the use of most effective first-line therapy represents a therapeutic cornerstone. To monitor the efficacy of first-line therapies in Italy, we designed a systematic review with pooled- data analysis of data published in the last 15 years.

Aortic root aneurysm in a patient with Aarskog-Scott syndrome.

We present the case of a 69 years old man affected by Aarskog-Scott syndrome. He came to our attention for an aneurysm of the aortic root, with almost moderate aortic regurgitation; moderate mitral regurgitation was discovered during preoperative assessment. We performed a modified Bentall's procedure and mitral valve repair.

P504S/alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, HNF1β and napsin A in morular metaplasia and clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: An immunohistochemical analysis.

Aims: Endometrial morular metaplasia (MorM) can show cytoplasm clarification, which may mimic clear cell carcinoma (CCC), especially on biopsy. We aimed to assess the expression of CCC markers in MorM.

Methods: Twenty cases of MorM with areas of cytoplasmic clarification were assessed by immunohistochemistry for HNF1β, Napsin A, and P504S/alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR); 60 tumors were selected as controls (20 classical MorM, 20 conventional squamous differentiation and 20 CCC).

Reoperations on the ascending aorta and aortic arch: A retrospective series of 453 patients.

Objective: The study objective was to analyze the outcomes of reoperative thoracic aortic surgery at our institution from January 1986 to December 2018 to identify specific risk factors for early and late mortality.

Methods: Two groups of patients were identified: aortic root or ascending aorta repair (group 1: proximal repair, 218 patients, 48%) and arch surgery or descending thoracic aorta repair (group 2: distal repair, 235 patients, 52%). Primary end points were 30-day mortality, 10-year survival, and freedom from aortic reoperations.

Bone health in transgender people: a narrative review.

Bone health in transmen and transwomen is an important issue that needs to be evaluated by clinicians. Prior to gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT), transwomen have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of osteopenia than cismen probably related to external factors, such as hypovitaminosis D and less physical activities. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues in transgender youth may cause bone loss; however, the addition of GAHT restores or at least improves BMD in both transboys and transgirls.

Evaluation of Women's Age and Ultrasonographic Features to Choose Surgical Treatment for Endometriosis Associated with Ovarian Cancer.

Adequate surgical management of malignant endometriosis remains a clinical challenge in gynecology. Age, sonography variables, and tumor biomarkers have been reported as candidates in the clinical decision. This study aims were to analyze the factors of women’s age, body mass index, ultrasound features, and tumor biomarkers to predict endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer in a large series of endometriomas and to study the surgical treatment performed in this cohort.

Patients' perceptions of quality of care delivery by urology residents: A nationwide study.

Objective: To present the results of a nationwide survey among urological patients to evaluate their perception of the quality of care provided by residents.

Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed to patients who were referred to 22 Italian academic institutions. The survey aimed to investigate the professional figure of the urology resident as perceived by the patient.

To Treat or Not to Treat? This Is the Question… About the Incidental Finding of Double Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm in A 91-Year-Old Woman.

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a very uncommon clinical finding and often requires emergency surgery due to its high risk of rupture. This educational text reports the case of a 91-year-old Italian women who was incidentally discovered to have a huge double aneurysm of the sinuses of Valsalva.

Therapeutic alternatives in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: from pulmonary endarterectomy to balloon pulmonary angioplasty to medical therapy. State of the art from a multidisciplinary team.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare disease with a very complex pathophysiology differing from other causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is an infrequent consequence of acute pulmonary embolism that is frequently misdiagnosed. Pathogenesis has been related to coagulation abnormalities, infection or inflammation, although these disturbances can be absent in many cases.

Malignant epithelioid neoplasm of the ileum with ACTB-GLI1 fusion mimicking an adnexal mass.

Background: Malignant epithelioid neoplasm with ACTB-GLI1 fusion are considered different from the more common pericytic lesions, such myopericytoma, because they have a spectrum of different genetic abnormalities. They appear to pursue a benign clinical course in young adults, although in sporadic cases lymph node metastasis were described. The categorization of this new type of tumor may also lead to new therapeutic strategies, because they might be sensitive to SHH pathway inhibitors.

Accuracy of cytological examination of Tao brush endometrial sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy.

Although Tao brush has become one of the most studied and used endometrial cytological samplers, concerns remain about the adequacy of the cytological sample compared with definitive histology. We aimed to assess accuracy of cytological examination from Tao brush sampling in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seven electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to July 2021 for all studies which allowed assessment of accuracy of Tao brush in diagnosing endometrial premalignancy and malignancy.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) may show loss of expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein. It has been suggested that Bcl-2 loss may both be a diagnostic marker and an unfavorable prognostic marker in uLMS.

Objective: To define the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 loss in uLMS through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Surgical Staging for High-Risk Groups of Endometrial Carcinoma Patients.

Background: In endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has shown the potential to reduce post-operative morbidity and long-term complications, and to improve the detection of low-volume metastasis through ultrastaging. However, while it has shown high sensitivity and feasibility in low-risk EC patient groups, its role in high-risk groups is still unclear.

Aim: To assess the role of SLN biopsy through the cervical injection of indocyanine green (ICG) in high-risk groups of early-stage EC patients.

Prognostic Value of Chemotherapy Response Score (CRS) Assessed on the Adnexa in Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: chemotherapy response score (CRS) is widely used to assess the response of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) to chemotherapy and is based on pathological examination of omental specimens. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of CRS assessed on the uterine adnexa. Methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching three electronic databases from 2015 inception to September 2021.

Endometrial giant cell carcinoma: new insights from a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of three cases.

Herein, we present a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of three cases of endometrial giant cell carcinoma (EGCC) with a literature review. Patient age was 55 to 76 years. The tumors were limited to the uterus and showed dyshesive, bizarre giant cells with numerous atypical mitoses.

Postcardiotomy Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation With and Without Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of patients with postcardiotomy shock treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) only compared with VA-ECMO and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Design: A retrospective multicenter registry study.

Setting: At 19 cardiac surgery units.

Clinicopathological Features Associated with Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Uterine Carcinosarcoma: A Quantitative Systematic Review.

Introduction: Recent studies suggested that microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency (MSI/MMR-d) might define a clinicopathologically distinct subset of uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs).

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological features between MSI/MMR-d and microsatellite-stable/mismatch repair-proficient (MSS/MMR-p) UCSs.

Methods: A quantitative systematic review was performed by searching electronic databases from January 2000 to January 2021.

Assessing Post-Treatment Pathologic Tumor Response in Female Genital Tract Carcinomas: An Update.

In the last decades, several new therapeutic strategies have been introduced in the field of gynecologic oncology. These include neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma, hormonal fertility-sparing strategies for endometrial cancer, pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) for surgically incurable peritoneal metastasis, and neoadjuvant treatments for locally advanced cervical carcinomas. All these recent advances lead to the development of novel scoring systems for the evaluation of pathological response related to specific treatments.

A 13-Gene DNA Methylation Analysis Using Oral Brushing Specimens as an Indicator of Oral Cancer Risk: A Descriptive Case Report.

Analysis of genetic or epigenetic markers from saliva or brushing specimens has been proposed as a diagnostic aid to identify patients at risk of developing oral cancer. However, no reliable non-invasive molecular method for this purpose is commercially available. In the present report, we describe the potential application of a procedure based on a 13-gene DNA methylation analysis using oral brushing samples from a patient affected by oral leukoplakia who developed two metachronous oral carcinomas during the follow-up period.

Lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial carcinoma: A prognostic factor independent from molecular signature.

Background: The 2020 ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines stratify the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients combining The Cancer Genome ATLAS (TCGA) molecular signature and pathological factors, including lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). However, little is known about the prognostic independence of LVSI from molecular signature.

Aim: To assess whether the prognostic value of LVSI is independent from the TCGA signature.