Concurrent Intramedullary and Intracranial Tuberculomass.

Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is well known. CNS involvement can occur in the form of tubercular meningitis (TBM), tuberculous vasculitis, tuberculoma and rarely brain abscess. Tubercular granulomas generally solitary and occur in the brain but they may be multiple and involve other areas such as spinal cord, epidural space and subdural space also.

Doppler analysis of ovarian stromal blood flow changes after treatment with metformin versus ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and metformin at the end of 6 months of treatment on ovarian stromal blood flow by using pulsed and color Doppler in women with PCOS.

Methods: Women with PCOS (n=101) fulfilling the Rotterdam criteria were enrolled and randomized to receive either OCP or metformin. OCP was administered in cycles of 28 days (21 pills containing 35μg of ethinylestradiol plus 2mg of cyproterone acetate followed by 7 placebo pills) for six cycles and metformin 500mg was administered twice daily for 6 months.

Study of Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness and Its Correlation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to compare the different adiposity parameters, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. In addition, it aimed to correlate these adiposity indices with hormonal parameters as well as cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with PCOS.

Materials And Methods: Newly diagnosed PCOS patients of reproductive age group according to Rotterdam criteria were included.

Trucut Biopsy vs FNAC of Pelvic Tumors-Who Wins the Match?

Preoperative pathologic diagnosis of pelvic tumors is mandatory for proper management of patients like neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking. Currently there are many minimally invasive methods available which include fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and trucut biopsy, mostly complimentary to each other. FNAC is a cheap, rapid and sensitive method for diagnosis of pelvic tumors.

Bacteriological profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection. The etiology of VAP and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern varies with different patient populations and types of ICUs.

Materials And Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed over a period of 2 years in a tertiary care hospital to determine the various etiological agents causing VAP and to detect the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in these VAP patients.

Beneficial Effect of Low Fixed Dose of Hydroxyurea in Vaso-occlusive Crisis and Transfusion Requirements in Adult HbSS Patients: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center.

Significant reduction in morbidity and mortality have been documented in patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS) by most of the studies using hydroxyurea at a dose of 25-35 mg/kg/day or maximum tolerated dose. But toxicities, need for frequent monitoring, compliance and cost are important hurdles particularly in Indian set up. We undertook this study to find out the efficacy, safety compliance rate of low fixed dose of hydroxyurea (10 mg/kg/day) in patients presenting to our hospital and its impact on clinical profile and laboratory parameters.

Metabolic risk assessment of Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in relation to four Rotterdam criteria based phenotypes.

Objectives: Though polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities, the metabolic risk profile of various PCOS phenotypes is still debated. Here we sought to compare the clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters among the different PCOS phenotypes and controls.

Study Design: A total of 394 newly diagnosed PCOS women and 108 controls were enrolled consecutively.

Effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim And Objective: To study the effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, adiposity indices and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Normal glucose tolerant (NGT) first degree relatives of T2DM patients of age group 20-40 years designated as FH were enrolled in the cross sectional study. Depending on the parental history of diabetes they were divided into three groups: family history positive in father (FH), family history positive in mother (FH) and family history positive in both (FH).

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. A rare case of short stature and congenital scoliosis.

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis is a very rare skeletal disorder characterized by vertebral malsegmentation defects. Apart from severe vertebral defects, the disease is associated with carpal and tarsal synostosis which is quite characteristic for the disease. We report a case of young child who presented with short stature and congenital scoliosis.

Simple Anthropometric Indices are Useful for Predicting Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [NAFLD] in Asian Indians.

Background And Aims: With the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in both developed and developing nations. Several studies on NAFLD have described waist circumference, a surrogate marker of visceral fat accumulation and waist height ratio as a better screening tool for NAFLD and metabolic syndrome than body mass index (BMI). We conducted this study to assess simple abdominal obesity indices as a predictor of NAFLD and determine the appropriate cut-off levels with reference to NAFLD.

Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in an Indian cohort.

Aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with various clinical manifestations. Susceptibility to development of SLE has been linked to several factors, such as genetic, environmental and hormonal. Vitamin D appears to have a regulatory role on disease manifestation and activity.

Serous Tubal Carcinogenesis: The Recent Concept of Origin of Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal and Fallopian Tube High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.

Background: Pelvic (non-uterine) high-grade serous carcinomas (PHGSC) including ovarian, tubal and primary peritoneal serous carcinomas have increased death: incidence ratio due to presentation at advanced stage, rapid progression, poor prognosis and high morbidity. Ambiguity regarding their pathogenesis and lack of a proper screening method is the cause of their late detection and high fatality rate. This study was undertaken to assess the fallopian tube for the presence of precursor lesions in pelvic serous carcinoma.

Toward a Better Definition of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been defined differently in the East and West. The definitions given by Asian Pacific association for the study of liver (APASL) and American association for the study of liver (AASLD) and European association for the study of liver (EASL) working group have fundamental deficiencies and contradictions and do not encompass all patients with ACLF seen in the East and West. Although the World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) working party attempted to provide an improved definition but this too is not appropriate.

Concurrent intramedullary spinal cord and multiple intracranial tuberculomas with tuberculous optic neuritis: A rare case report.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide burden, with a large majority of new active TB cases occurring in underdeveloped and developing countries. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the common infections of central nervous system. Other manifestations include intracranial tuberculoma, tubercular brain abscess, spinal tuberculoma, and granulomatous arachnoiditis.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of intra-abdominal fat distribution and study of its influence on subclinical atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate abdominal fat distribution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to determine the independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis.

Study Design: One hundred and twenty-four women with PCOS were compared with 118 age and BMI-matched controls. Abdominal obesity was assessed as the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal fat distribution was measured as subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), pre-peritoneal fat thickness (PFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) using Ultrasound (US).

Biochemical Profile of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients in Eastern India with Histopathological Correlation.

Aminotransferase assay is often used as a screening test as well as an endpoint for resolution of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of transaminase level with metabolic variables and histology in NAFLD. Single center observational study was conducted in a gastroenterology clinic at Cuttack in coastal Odisha.

Study of Seminal Fluid Parameters and Fertility of Male Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Potential Impact of Hydroxyurea Treatment.

Introduction: Male Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients often have moderate to severe hypogonadism resulting in abnormal seminal fluid parameters due to testicular dysfunction. Hydroxyurea (HU), the only drug found to be effective in preventing morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease patients has been found to further aggravate the testicular dysfunction.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective study done at a tertiary care hospital over 26 months between September 2011 to October 2013.

Single Layered Versus Double Layered Intestinal Anastomosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal anastomosis is one of the most common procedures being performed in oesophagogastric, hepatobiliary, bariatric, small bowel and colorectal surgery; however, the safety and efficacy of single layer or double layer anastomotic technique is still unclear.

Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of single layered versus double layered intestinal anastomosis.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled comparative study comprised of patients who underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis.

Whether Superficial Abdominal Reflex is Affected by Subcostal Transverse Abdominal Incisions? A Prospective, Observational Early Experience.

Introduction: Superficial abdominal reflex (SAR) is an important part of the neurologic assessment. It is normally present and may be present or absent in various physiological as well as pathological conditions. The presence of an abdominal incision creates a dilemma in the mind of the clinician for it affecting this reflex.