The six-spotted spider mite, Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley) (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) in Australia, New Zealand, Japan and USA: a revised morphological and molecular-based concept, synonyms, and related species.

Based on morphological and molecular evidence, Eotetranychus asiaticus Ehara is confirmed as a junior synonym of E. sexmaculatus (Riley). Eotetranychus queenslandicus Manson differs to E.

Adolescent obesity and short sleep duration as independent risk factors for hypertension: a population-based cohort study.

Prevalence of hypertension in adolescents has increased worldwide and is considered a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although obesity and sleep deficiency increase this risk, the combined effects of these factors on hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of obesity and sleep duration on hypertension in adolescents.

Eccentric force and electromyogram comparison between the eccentric phase of the Nordic hamstring exercise and the razor hamstring curl.

Purpose: Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and razor hamstring curl (RHC) are usually performed to train hamstring eccentric contraction strength. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in the intensity of the two methods and the amount of loading on each muscle. Therefore, this study was conducted using peak eccentric force and each muscle surface electromyogram (s-EMG) to provide useful information to decide whether NHE or RHC should be prescribed for training and rehabilitation.

Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility.

Preferential attachment is an important mechanism in the structural evolution of complex networks. However, though resources on a network propagate and have an effect beyond a direct relationship, growth by preferential attachment based on indirectly propagated resources has not been systematically investigated. Here, we propose a mathematical model of an evolving network in which preference is proportional to a utility function reflecting direct utility from directly connected nodes and indirect utility from indirectly connected nodes beyond the directly connected nodes.

Sugar-Rich Food Intake Is Negatively Associated with Plasma Pentraxin 3 Levels.

Background: Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an anti-inflammatory cardioprotective protein, increase after weight loss in obese men and aerobic exercise in non-obese adults. However, the effect of nutritional characteristics on PTX3 levels remains unclear. This population-based, cross-sectional study investigated the association between circulating PTX3 levels and food intake in Japanese adults.

Improvement of mnemonic discrimination with acute light exercise is mediated by pupil-linked arousal in healthy older adults.

Physical exercise has positive impacts on hippocampal memory decline with aging. One of the postulated neurobiological mechanisms of the decline is reduced catecholaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus to the hippocampus. Recent human studies revealed that very light exercise rapidly enhances memory and pupil diameter, which suggests that light exercise may improve memory via neural circuits involved in the ascending arousal system, including the locus coeruleus, even in older adults.

Relationship Between Nordic Hamstring Strength and Single Leg Bridge Test in University Soccer Players.

Context: Nordic hamstring strength (NH strength) and single leg bridge test (SLBT) scores are used to predict the risk of hamstring strain injury. Although NH strength and SLBT scores may be related, the relationship between NH strength and SLBT score remains unknown.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between NH strength and SLBT scores in university soccer players.

Injury data collection and utilisation practices in university sports teams: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine injury surveillance practices in a variety of university sports teams and barriers and facilitators for injury data collection and utilisation.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University sports teams in Japan.

Groove Rhythm Enhances Exercise Impact on Prefrontal Cortex Function in Groove Enjoyers.

A positive affective response modulates the effects of aerobic exercise on prefrontal executive function (EF). Groove rhythm (GR), eliciting the feeling of wanting to move to music, is useful for inducing positive affective response during exercise. Three minutes of listening to GR activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and enhanced EF in participants who had higher psychological responses to GR.

Rugby Players Exhibit Stiffer Biceps Femoris, Lower Biceps Femoris Fascicle Length to Knee Extensors, and Knee Flexors to Extensors Muscle Volume Ratios Than Active Controls.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if hamstring-strain-injury risk factors related to muscle structure and morphology differed between rugby union players and controls.

Methods: The biceps femoris long head (BFlh) fascicle length and passive muscle stiffness and relative and absolute muscle volume of knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) were measured in 21 male subelite rugby players and 21 male physically active nonathletes.

Results: BFlh fascicle length was significantly longer (mean difference [MD] = 1.

A possible contribution of the locus coeruleus to arousal enhancement with mild exercise: evidence from pupillometry and neuromelanin imaging.

Acute mild exercise has been observed to facilitate executive function and memory. A possible underlying mechanism of this is the upregulation of the ascending arousal system, including the catecholaminergic system originating from the locus coeruleus (LC). Prior work indicates that pupil diameter, as an indirect marker of the ascending arousal system, including the LC, increases even with very light-intensity exercise.

Mild exercise improves executive function with increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex of older adults.

This study examined whether a 3-month mild-exercise intervention could improve executive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults in a randomized control trial. Ultimately, a total of 81 middle-aged and older adults were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group received 3 months of mild cycle exercise intervention (3 sessions/week, 30-50 min/session).

Invasion, Distribution, Monitoring and Farmers Perception of Fall Armyworm () and Farm-Level Management Practices in Bangladesh.

Fall armyworm (FAW), , is a major pest of maize that was first detected in Bangladesh in 2018 and rapidly spread throughout the maize-growing areas. The presence of FAW was monitored using sex pheromone traps. Farmers' pest management practices were assessed through a questionnaire.

Reasons for the Reporting Behavior of Japanese Collegiate Rugby Union Players Regarding Suspected Concussion Symptoms: A Propensity Analysis.

While previous research has identified the reasons for the concussion-reporting behavior of rugby union players, the influence of confounding factors such as concussion experience, education, and knowledge of concussion symptoms, any of which may have influenced the results, has not been considered. This study aimed to clarify the reasons for the reporting behavior of college rugby union players regarding suspected concussion symptoms by adjusting for confounding factors using the propensity score. A questionnaire about both concussion knowledge and concussion-reporting behavior was administered to 240 collegiate rugby union players.

Development and Reproductive Capacity of the Miyake Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) at Different Temperatures.

(Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of citrus. Assessing life history parameters is crucial to developing an ecologically sound pest management program. Of the many factors that affect life history parameters of herbivorous insects and mites, temperature has the greatest influence on development rate and reproductive potential.

Associations of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase activity with cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese Japanese men: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Circulating xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related adverse cardiometabolic profiles. This pilot study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations between plasma XOR activity and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) markers in overweight and obese men. In 64 overweight and obese Japanese men (aged 31-63 years), plasma XOR activity and several CMR markers, such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and clustered CMR score were measured in each participant.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Response to Glucose Challenge in Overweight and Obese Men: A Pilot Study.

Background And Study Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a liver-derived hormone that lowers blood glucose. Although aerobic exercise training also lowers blood glucose, its effect on circulating FGF21levels remains obscure. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise training on serum FGF21 levels in overweight and obese men.

Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise.

We previously found that a 10-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal oxygen uptake) under normobaric and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen [[Formula: see text]] = 0.135) reduced executive performance and neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To examine whether this cognitive fatigue is due to a decrease in SpO during exercise, we compared executive performance and related prefrontal activation between two experimental conditions, in which the participants inhaled normobaric hypoxic gas ([Formula: see text]= 0.

Head Injury Assessment in the Elite Level Rugby Union in Japan: Review of 3 Seasons.

Head Injury Assessment (HIA) is the screening tool for head injury during a rugby game. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIA in the Japan Rugby Top League (JRTL). The incidences of HIA, defined concussion (per 1,000 player-hours) and repeated concussions were evaluated in three seasons (2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19; total 360 games).

Groove rhythm stimulates prefrontal cortex function in groove enjoyers.

Hearing a groove rhythm (GR), which creates the sensation of wanting to move to the music, can also create feelings of pleasure and arousal in people, and it may enhance cognitive performance, as does exercise, by stimulating the prefrontal cortex. Here, we examined the hypothesis that GR enhances executive function (EF) by acting on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) while also considering individual differences in psychological responses. Fifty-one participants underwent two conditions: 3 min of listening to GR or a white-noise metronome.

Redescription of Panonychus caglei Mellott, 1968, with ontogenetic development (Acari: Tetranychidae).

A redescription of the adult stages of Panonychus caglei Mellott, 1968 (Acari: Tetranychidae), is presented based on new material collected from Japan, and type specimens (holotype and paratypes). Morphological differences in the setation of legs have been reported and measurements of taxonomic characters are added. We also have described the ontogenetic development of the juvenile stages.

Eccentric exercise improves myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance with decelerating aortic diastolic pressure decay: The acute and chronic studies.

Both eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) exercises improve energy expenditure and blood lipid profile. Although ECC exercise has a more beneficial effect on these factors than CON exercise, its benefits on vital organs are still unclear. This study investigated the mode-of-action-dependent effects on myocardial perfusion index.

Benefit of human moderate running boosting mood and executive function coinciding with bilateral prefrontal activation.

Running, compared to pedaling is a whole-body locomotive movement that may confer more mental health via strongly stimulating brains, although running impacts on mental health but their underlying brain mechanisms have yet to be determined; since almost the mechanistic studies have been done with pedaling. We thus aimed at determining the acute effect of a single bout of running at moderate-intensity, the most popular condition, on mood and executive function as well as their neural substrates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy participants completed both a 10-min running session on a treadmill at 50%[Formula: see text] and a resting control session in randomized order.